文档内容
【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第9讲 选择性必修一 Unit 2 Reading and Thinking
【核心知识点讲解】
1. persuade vt. 说服; 劝说; 使某人相信
*(2020•全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.
我知道店员会有多沮丧, 但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
*I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. 我成功地说服了同学们接受了我的想法。
*Actions are always more persuasive than words.
行动总是比语言更有说服力。
【词块记忆】
(1)persuade sb. to do sth. /into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. /out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. of sth. /that. . . 使某人相信……
try to persuade sb. to do sth. 试图劝说某人做某事(不一定成功)
(2)persuasion n. 说服; 说服力
(3)persuasive adj. 有说服力的
2. switch n. 开关; 转换器; 改变v. 改变, 转变; 转换
*(2020·浙江高考)In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new
approaches.
在贝尔维尤市, 转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。
*(2020•天津高考) He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置, 指着嫌疑犯, 打开了它。
*Granny always keeps her cellphone switched off unless she’s expecting a call.
奶奶总是把手机关机, 除非她在等电话。
【词块记忆】
switch on 接通, 开启
switch off (用开关)关掉; 切断(电源)
switch from. . . to. . . 从……往……转变
3. command v. 命令; 控制n. (给人或动物的)命令; 指令; (尤指对语言的)掌握*All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you
want and the home system will obey.
所有的控件都会对语音指令作出反应, 所以如果你想改变你的生活常规, 只要你大声说出你想要什么, 智能
住宅系统就会遵从。
*I have a good command of English and Chinese, which is beneficial to the introduction to Chinese paintings.
我通晓英语和汉语, 这对介绍中国画很有帮助。
*For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次, 她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
*He commanded us to finish the work in an hour.
=He commanded that we should finish the work in an hour.
他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。
【词块记忆】
(1)have a good command of 精通, 通晓
in command of 掌握, 控制
in/under the command of 由……控制
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事
4. warning n. 警告; 警示; 先兆
*Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.
科学家已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统。
*I just wanted to get more information for my report to warn more girls never to be fooled.
我只是想为我的报告收集更多信息, 来警告更多的女孩不要被人愚弄。
*He has been warned of danger of driving after drinking wine.
他已被提醒过酒后开车危险。
* I must warn you against raising your hopes.
我必须警告你不要期望过高。
*When I had my first baby, friends warned me that children were expensive.
当我有了第一个孩子时, 朋友们提醒我说养孩子是很花钱的。
【词块记忆】
(1)early-warning 预先警报
(2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
warn sb. against (doing) sth. 警告某人某事/不要做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb. that. . . 警告某人……
5. relevant adj. 有关的, 有意义的
*I’m now writing to tell you some relevant details.
我写信是想告诉你一些相关的细节。
*I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.
我认为他所说的话和我们正在讨论的话题没有关系。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.
一定要紧扣主题, 不要提供无关的信息。
【词块记忆】
(1)be relevant to 与……有关
irrelevant adj. 无关的
(2)relevance n. 关联
6. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and
you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
在你步入家门的一刹那, 灯光亮起, 你最喜爱的音乐或电视节目随即开启, 而且你会发现晚餐也已备好。
【句式解构】
本句为主从复合句。the instant引导时间状语从句, 意为: 一……就……。
*The instant (that) she came back, she helped her brother with his homework.
她一回来, 就帮助她的弟弟做作业。
*The show, despite some rough edges, was an instant success.
虽然有一些瑕疵, 演出还是一举获得了成功。
*The moment I set foot in the lecture hall, I felt extremely nervous.
我一进入报告厅就觉得很紧张。
*The students dashed out of the classroom the second the bell rang.
铃声一响, 学生都跑出了教室。
注：“the+名词”引导时间状语从句
(1)英语中的“the+名词”在作用上相当于连词, 它可以引导时间状语从句, 常用的有the moment, the minute,
the second, the time等。意为“一……就……”。
(2)英语中表示“一……就……”的结构还有:
On+doing; as soon as+从句; hardly / scarcely . . . when . . . ; no sooner . . . than . . . 等。
【要点拾遗】1. secure vt. 保护; 获得安全 adj. 安全的; 可靠的
*Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against shift sand.
需要采取一些措施确保农田不受流沙的侵蚀。
*(2019·北京高考)We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.
我们需要处理电信网络的不安全特性。
*We all know how important environment is to our security.
我们都知道环境对我们的安全是多么重要。
*He locked the heavy door securely and kept the key in his pocket.
他把笨重的大门锁紧, 将钥匙放在口袋里。
2. potential adj. 潜在的; 可能的 n. 潜力; 可能性
*(2020•天津高考) Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their
potential to cause great damage.
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了, 但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它们潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍感到惊愕不已。
*“All children have the potential to overcome adversity. ” she said. “所有的孩子都有克服逆境的潜力。” 她
说。
* Sunburn is painful and potentially dangerous.
晒伤不仅疼, 还有潜在危险。
3. preference n. 爱好; 偏爱
*The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and remind you of
suitable ways to exercise. 结果将有助于预测一些重大和严重的疾病和你的饮食偏好, 并提醒你适当的运动方
式。
*(2020•全国Ⅱ卷) The younger generations prefer to communicate visually. 年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流。
*(2019·江苏高考)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next
month. 在下个月的欢迎仪式上, 比起穿传统的中国服装, 我更愿意穿校服。
*I prefer to skate rather than ski.
相对于滑雪来说, 我更喜欢溜冰。
【词块记忆】
(1)have/show a preference for 偏好, 偏爱
(2)prefer (sb. )to do sth. 宁愿/更喜欢(某人)做某事
prefer+n. /v. -ing+to+n. /v. -ing 与……相比更喜欢……
prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做……而不愿做……prefer+that从句 宁愿……
注意：prefer的易错点
(1)prefer意为“更喜欢”, 相当于like better, 所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。
(2)prefer的过去式、过去分词为preferred, 现在分词为preferring。
4. respond vi. 回答; 作出反应
*All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you
want and the home system will obey.
所有的控件都会对语音指令作出反应, 所以如果你想改变你的生活常规, 只要你大声说出你想要什么, 智能
住宅系统就会遵从。
*(2019·天津高考) This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn’t the only one.
这个陌生人对我的小危机反应很好, 但实际上她并不是唯一的一个。
【词块记忆】
(1)respond to 响应; 回答; 对……反应
(2)response n. 响应; 反应; 回答
5. obey vt. 服从, 听从; 遵守 vi. 服从, 顺从; 听话
*They should have obeyed the parents’ wishes.
他们应该听从父母的意愿。
*(2019·天津高考)According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates her effort to remind mom
to obey traffic rules.
根据第3段, 作者阅读路标表明她努力提醒妈妈遵守交通规则。
*But, they really care about this stuff. So, I’m going to obey.
但是, 他们真的很在意这个东西, 所以, 我还是要服从。
【词块记忆】
(1)反义词: disobey
(2)obey orders 服从命令
obey the rules 遵守规则
6. keep track of记录; 跟踪; 与……保持联系
*As a doctor James has to keep track of the latest developments in medicine.
作为一名医生, 詹姆斯必须了解医学的最新发展动态。
*I quickly lose her track in the crowd.
我在人群中失去了她的踪迹。*Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are.
最终, 他们开始忘记自己到底是谁。
*The police are on the track of the criminal.
警察正在追踪那个罪犯。
*She had spent years trying to track down her parents.
她已经花了好多年时间努力追寻父母的下落。
【词块记忆】
(1)lose one’s track 失去踪迹
lose track of 失去……的踪迹, 忘记
on the track of 追踪
on the right track 正确地; 走对路了; 未离题的
back on track 重回正轨; 重上轨道; 改过自新
(2)track down 追寻
7. early on在初期; 早先
*They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and
potentially save your life.
如果出现什么异常或是你得了重大疾病, 譬如癌症, 它们能够在早期就给你警告, 可能会挽救你的生命。
*(2019·北京高考) Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit.
虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司, 但她的主要动力不是利润。
*We made a lot of mistakes early on in this conflict.
在这场冲突的初期, 我们犯了很多错误。
*We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.
然而, 我们必须在21世纪早期找出全球变暖的解决方案。
8. in this sense从这种意义上来讲
*In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things.
从这个意义上说, 坏事可以变成好事。
*(2020·江苏高考)Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
研究表明, 良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.
从那个意义上说, 我很确定志愿活动是一种自私的行为, 虽然我不愿意承认。
*See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to
save a few dollars.看, 你的电脑又坏了! 为了省几美元而买最便宜的电脑是没有意义的。
【词块记忆】
in that sense 在那种意义上
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不
make sense 有意义; 讲得通
make sense of 理解, 弄清楚
there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义
9. available adj. 可获得的, 可购得的, (人)有空的
*(2020•江苏高考) Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.
现在很多课程学生都可以在网上免费选择。
*(2019•天津高考) Campus Security is available to assist 24 hours, 7 days a week.
校园保安每周7天24小时提供协助。
*However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States,
windmills were rarely used.
然而, 到了20世纪40年代, 当美国几乎所有地区的人们都能获得电力时, 风车却很少使用。
【词块记忆】
be available to do sth. 可以做某事
be available to. . . 可被……利用或得到的
be available for . . . 可供……使用, 可以参与
【基础训练】
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. All smokers should be taught of the great harm of smoking and be (劝说) out of smoking.
2. But studies of farmers who (转变) to organic farming last year indicate that their current crop
yields are lower.
3. Telephone calls are more (效率高的) and convenient means to express oneself.
4. You can make it a (常规) to share your thought with your parents.
5. Recently, a survey on homework (偏好) has been conducted among senior three students.
6. The king (命令) that enough money be collected to fund the project.
7. Once more people are wired, the (潜力) to change the mainstream media will be huge.
8. We are trying to make politics more (与……有关的) to younger people.9. Various summer camps being (可获得的), we can choose one based on our own interest.
10. I have been working as an (电的) engineer for 3 years and I trust I am qualified to fill your
position.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
switch off, lead to, no longer, keep track of, in addition, prevent. . . from, provide. . . with. . . , in this sense
1. Too much work and too little rest often illness.
2. He suffered from poor eyesight and could read properly.
3. He his business by telephone when he was in hospital.
4. Technology should serve only as means to this purpose, and ruling man.
5. She is on a diet. , she pursues various exercise on TV.
6. The painting us one of the earliest examples of the style.
7. Giving up, , is often the most productive path towards achieving a goal.
8. A recent study suggests that teenagers who the TV and sit down to family meals are less likely
to suffer eating disorders.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. I this weekend, because I have plenty of time.
这个周末我要晚一点起床, 因为我有很多时间。
2. Don’t worry, you won’t miss her. She and a white skirt at that time.
别担心, 你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
3. Good learners also look for ways to review .
优秀的学习者还会寻找方法来复习他们所学到的知识。
4. I’ve no idea this web page.
我不知道如何打开这个网页。
5. It will be two days .
要过两天才能作出决定。
IV.阅读理解
A
It feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation, it turns into an argument. We talk about
something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly, my mother will push the conversation into World War Ⅲ. She’ll
talk about my lack of a bright future because I don’t plan to be a doctor. And much to her disappointment, I don’t
want to do any job related to science, either. In fact, when I was pushed to say that I planned to major in Englishand communications, she nearly had a heart attack.
“Why can’t you be like my co-worker’s son? ” she bemoans all the time. Her co-worker’s son received a four-
year scholarship and is now earning 70, 000 dollars a year as an engineer. I don’t know what to answer except that I
simply can’t be like Mr Perfect as I’ve called the unnamed co-worker’s son. I can’t be like him. I’m the type of
person who loves to help out in the community, write until the sun goes down, and most of all, wants to achieve a
career because I love it, not because of fame or salary.
I understand why my mother is worried about my future major. I’ve seen my mother struggle to raise me on
her small salary and work long hours. She leaves the house around 6: 30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm
or even 6 pm. However, I want her to know that by becoming a doctor, it doesn’t mean I’ll be successful. I’d
rather follow my dreams and create my own future.
1. Which of the following topics does the writer’ mother mainly want to talk about?
A. The writer’s studies.
B. The writer’s future job.
C. Dinner plans.
D. Wars around the world.
2. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the writer’s mother ______.
A. doesn’t want the writer to major in English
B. doesn’t think the writer should be a doctor
C. gets along very well with the writer
D. doesn’t think working in the science field is a good idea
3. Which of the following statements is probable TRUE about the writer?
A. He wants to be like his mother’s co-worker’s son.
B. He wants to find a job in his community in the future.
C. He doesn’t think his mother’s co-worker’s son is perfect.
D. He wants to do something he really likes in the future.
B
The City of the Future
To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the
United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50, 000 people in the year 2025. Here are
some of the ideas they had:
Garbage ships. To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials andsend them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.
Batman Nets. Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
Forget smoking. No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits. Smoking will be possible only
outside cities, and outdoors.
Forget the malls. In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to
place orders.
Telephones for life. Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter
where they live.
Recreation. All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be
provided free of charge by the city.
Cars. All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the
colour of cars at the flick of a switch.
Telesurgery. Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles
away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
Holidays at home. Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using
high-tech cameras attached to their head.
Space travel. Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.
4. Garbage ships are used to ______.
A. get to the sun
B. protect the environment
C. load huge spaceships with materials
D. get rid of problems
5. In the future, malls will ______because of online shopping.
A. disappear
B. remain popular
C. have voice commands
D. place orders
6. Doctors can carry out operations from thousands of miles away in the future because of ______.
A. common diseases
B. outpatient clinic
C. distance between cities
D. telesurgery参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. All smokers should be taught of the great harm of smoking and be persuaded (劝说) out of smoking.
2. But studies of farmers who switched(转变) to organic farming last year indicate that their current crop yields are
lower.
3. Telephone calls are more efficient (效率高的) and convenient means to express oneself.
4. You can make it a routine (常规) to share your thought with your parents.
5. Recently, a survey on homework preference(偏好) has been conducted among senior three students.
6. The king commanded (命令) that enough money be collected to fund the project.
7. Once more people are wired, the potential(潜力) to change the mainstream media will be huge.
8. We are trying to make politics more relevant (与……有关的) to younger people.
9. Various summer camps being available (可获得的), we can choose one based on our own interest.
10. I have been working as an electrical (电的) engineer for 3 years and I trust I am qualified to fill your position.
Ⅱ. 1. Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.
2. He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.
3. He kept track of his business by telephone when he was in hospital.
4. Technology should serve only as means to this purpose, and should be prevented from ruling man.
5. She is on a diet. In addition, she pursues various exercise on TV.
6. The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the style.
7. Giving up, in this sense, is often the most productive path towards achieving a goal.
8. A recent study suggests that teenagers who switch off the TV and sit down to family meals are less likely to
suffer eating disorders.
Ⅲ. 1. I will get up a bit late this weekend, because I have plenty of time.
2. Don’t worry, you won’t miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
3. Good learners also look for ways to review what they have learned.
4. I’ve no idea how to open this web page.
5. It will be two days before the decision is made.
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。关于作者将来选择什么样的职业, 作者和母亲总是会发生争吵。母亲想要作
者当一名医生或者做与科学有关的工作, 而作者想要做的是自己真正喜欢的职业。
1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中“She’ll talk about . . . , either. ( 她会谈论我没有光明的未来,因为我不打算成为一名医生。……我也不想做任何与科学有关的工作。)”可知, 作者的母亲主要想谈论作者
未来将要从事哪方面的职业。故选B。
2. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中 “when I was . . . attack. ( 当我被迫说我打算主修英文及沟通
专业, 她差点心脏病发作了。)”可以推断, 作者的母亲不希望作者主修英语方面的课程。故选A。
3. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“. . . wants to achieve a career . . . salary. ”和第三
段最后一句“I’d rather follow . . . future. ”可知, 作者将来想要做自己喜欢的工作, 追随自己的梦想, 创造自己
的未来。故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了未来的城市。
4. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Garbage ships 中的“To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load
huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental
problems. ”可知, 为了解决垃圾问题, 城市将用巨大的宇宙飞船装载垃圾并将它们送往太阳, 防止垃圾填埋和
环境问题。由此可知, 垃圾船被用来保护环境。故选B。
5. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据Forget the malls中的“ In the future . . . orders. ”可知, 在未来, 所有的购
物都将在网上进行, 商品目录将通过语音指令来下单。由此判断出, 在未来, 商场将会因为网上购物而消失。
故选A。
6. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Telesurgery 中“Distance surgery will become common . . . away”可知,
随着医生在数千英里之外进行手术, 远程手术将变得越来越普遍。由此可知, 由于远程外科手术, 将来医生
可以在几千英里以外的地方进行手术。故选D。
