文档内容
关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第1讲 动词-ing的用法
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的
变化。动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。
构成: v. +-ing, 如do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.
否定式 not(never)+v. +-ing, 如not knowing. . .
完成式 having done
被动式 being done, having been done
*Anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach. (动词-ing形式作定语)
任何想竞走的人或许首先应该和教练商量一下。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. (动词-ing形式作主语)
把英语当做一门第二语言来学可能是一个很痛苦的经历。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.
(动词-ing形式作状语)
研究人员让100名志愿者用智能键盘敲击单词“touch”四次。
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1. 动词-ing形式(短语)作定语表示动作或状态
动词-ing形式(短语)作定语表示所修饰词的动作或状态, 被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系, 相当于一个
定语从句。单个的现在分词作定语时, 放在被修饰词前; 现在分词短语作定语时, 则放在被修饰词后。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour.
以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时燃烧大约800卡路里。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this
program.
如果你是生活在本省某些地方的青少年, 你就可能符合这个项目的条件。
注：being done表示正在进行的被动语态, 作定语时, 常用于被修饰词之后。
The Wandering Earth being shown these days is really a good movie.
这几天正在被放映的电影《流浪地球》确实是部好电影。
2. 动词-ing形式作定语表属性、作用或用途
表示名词的属性、作用或用途, 作“供……用”讲, 相当于介词for短语, 常置于被修饰的名词前。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. (=the area for camping)关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
如果你露营地的空气质量很好, 答案是一个大大的YES。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)They share a front door and a washing machine.
他们共同使用一个前门和一台洗衣机。
3. 作表语的现在分词, 许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有: moving,
interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing 等, 这类分词
有“令人……的”的含义, 常修饰物。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.
对于航天员来说, 细菌是一个令人很恼火的问题。
注：动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别是: 动词-ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作; 过去
分词表示被动或完成意义; 不定式表示动作尚未发生。
*The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. (表示动作正在进行)
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
*The problem discussed at the meeting is very important. (表示动作已经完成)
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
*The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. (表示动作将要发生)
会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词, 两者都可作表语, 但有所区别。
1. 动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。
*What worries me most is her staying too late every night.
(=Her staying too late every night is what worries me most. )
最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。
*My favourite sport is swimming. (=Swimming is my favourite sport. )
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2. 现在分词作表语, 表明的是主语的性质和特征, 主语和表语的位置不可互换。
*The news is quite shocking.
这消息很令人震惊。
注： 动名词与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别：动名词(短语)作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作; 动词不定式
(短语)作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
*His hobby is painting.
他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作)
*Today what he wants to do is to paint.关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作)
三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后, 补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下, 及物动词通常是
表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
*(2019·江苏高考)A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.
一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现从他的一小块地里冒出了烟。
*I felt my heart beating violently when I was seeing the 70th anniversary of foundation of China.
我看中国建国70周年庆典的时候, 感到心潮澎湃。
1. 动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语。
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后, 用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语, 表示一个正在进行的主动
的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。
*In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table. ”
在一个拥挤的咖啡馆, 我听到一个友好的声音在说: “你可以和我坐在一桌。”
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea. ”
Dr. Jubilado说: “我能看到他们确实在海底走。”
注：在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后, 既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语, 也可用省略to的
不定式构成复合宾语, 两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时, 表示动作正在进行; 用省略to的不定
式时, 表示动作发生了, 即动作的全过程结束了。
*Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
今天在我回家的路上, 我看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
*I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间, 并拿着东西离开了。
2. 动词-ing形式在使役动词后作宾语补足语。
使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语, 表示“让……一直做某事”。
*It’s cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
*I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你一直在房间里跑来跑去。
注：(1)have/get+宾语+done, done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思:
①让别人去做某事。
*He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
② (主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸)。
*He had/got his computer stolen the other day.
前几天他的电脑被偷了。
(2)have +宾语+do sth. 意思是“让某人去做某事”。
*Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
(3)leave(使……处于某种状态), keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补足语, 而不跟动词不定式。
*Many teachers keep parents informed of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.
许多老师通过在微信上分享视频让家长知晓孩子们在幼儿园的表现。
3. 动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中, 现在分词充当宾语补足语, 表示动作“正在进行”。
*Singing You don’t know love, Fa Hai, she threw the tortoise into the river, with tears filling her eyes. 她唱着
《法海你不懂爱》, 把那只乌龟扔进了河里, 眼里满是泪水。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining
the atmosphere of peace? 乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山, 成群的游客一直破坏它宁静的气氛, 它还值得(享
有)它的声誉吗?
注：在with的复合结构中, 也可以使用过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语。
*All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
*I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗这些衣服, 我无法出去了。
四、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语, 修饰动词, 在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随等。-ing
形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首; 作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
*Swallowing Little Red Hat, the wolf went to bed and slept.
大灰狼吞下了小红帽, 然后上床睡觉了。(时间状语)
*I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
得知你对中国历史感兴趣我很高兴。(原因状语)
1. 动词-ing形式表示时间。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. (= When I heard these stories. . . )
当我听到这些故事的时候, 我对这个地方有点怀疑。
2. 动词-ing形式表示原因。关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
*Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. (= As I don’t know his address. . . )
因为不知道他的地址, 我不能把这本书寄给他。
3. 动词-ing形式表示结果。
*His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (=. . . and left him a lot of money) 他父亲死了, 留给他许多钱。
4. 动词-ing形式表示条件。
*Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. (= If you go straight down the road. . . )
顺着这条路一直走, 你就会发现那家百货商店。
5. 动词-ing形式表示让步。
Being tired, they went on working. (Although they were tired. . . )
尽管很累了, 可他们继续工作。
6. 动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随或补充说明。
*He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (=. . . and stared at the sky for a long time)
他躺在草地上, 长时间地望着天空。
注：非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑
主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。
*The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了, 我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻
辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)
*Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天气允许的话, 足球赛将在周五举行。
(permitting的逻辑主语是weather, 而不是the football match)
复习演练
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The building plans include much needed new accommodation, (range)from tourist class to luxury
hotels.
2. The stadium (build)at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
3. By the time my friend got there, his son had died on the (operate) table.
4. The flowers (smell)sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.
5. There is a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.
6. It was (astonish)that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.
7. The problem which he met in the new school is quite (puzzle).
8. She told her boy not to stamp on the floor so as not to disturb the (sleep) baby.
9. When we returned to the dormitory, we found a stranger (stand) there.关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
10. We should hold that seeing is (believe).
11. (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.
12. Not (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.
13. (hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.
14. (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.
15. The decision (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
16. (work) harder at English, you’ll make greater progress.
17. exploring the cave, they found a valuable mineral.
18. It (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercise.
19. (look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.
20. The case shocked the public, (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. Watch the men who are coming this way.
→Watch the men .
2. The dog that drank the polluted water yesterday is dead.
→The dog is dead.
3. The baby who is crying makes me annoyed.
→ makes me annoyed.
4. Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so.
→Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
5. The result made us disappointed.
→The result to us.
6. The sun that is rising looks beautiful.
→ looks beautiful.
7. The boy who stood near the window was good at playing football.
→The boy was good at playing football.
8. The question that is embarrassing is hard to answer.
→ is hard to answer.
9. Designing machines is my job.
→My job is .
10. Arriving at the factory half an hour early is his habit.
→His habit is .关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
IⅡ. 完成句子
1. , I’m satisfied with your performance. 就个人而言, 我对你的表现很满意。
2. The film star intended to leave quickly, .
这位影星想迅速离开, 却被他的粉丝包围了。
3. Football is played all over the world, .
全世界都踢足球, 这使它成为一种很流行的运动。
4. , they closed the store.
因为没有顾客, 他们关了店门。
5. I stood by the door, .
我站在门旁, 不敢说一句话。
6. (=Though he had tried many times), he still couldn’t succeed.
尽管尝试了多次, 但他仍未成功。
7. (=If you set off earlier), you’ll get to the town at dusk.
如果早点儿出发的话, 你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。
8. I saw a stranger the manager’s office.
我看见一个陌生人溜进经理的办公室。
9. My parents my own friends.
我父母让我自己选择自己的朋友。
10. Don’t all day.
不要让学生们整天学习。
ⅠV. 阅读理解
Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in England. While she was growing up, two of her
brothers and six of her sisters died. Elizabeth decided to become a doctor.
Her father was a sugar businessman. He encouraged equality (平等) between boys and girls so, unlike most
girls, Elizabeth had the same education as boys.
One night, when Elizabeth was eleven, a fire destroyed her family’s business. The family became so poor that
Mr Blackwell decided to go to America. When the family reached New York, Mr Blackwell tried to start a new
business, but failed. In 1837, he died.
After being refused several times by medical schools, Elizabeth was finally accepted by Geneva Medical
College in New York, largely as a joke. People there, even women, thought she was indecent (下流的) and asked
her to leave. But with great determination, Elizabeth graduated with high honors. After graduation, Elizabeth went关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
to Paris to learn more about medicine. Elizabeth returned to America in 1851. There she helped other women
become doctors and opened a medicine store. Then, she begged her rich friends to give money to build a hospital.
Elizabeth’s dream came true in 1857 when the New York Infirmary For Women and Children opened its doors.
It was the first true hospital for women, run by women doctors in the world. In 1868, the hospital opened a
medical college for women. After that, Elizabeth received a letter from Europe asking her to come to her homeland
and do for the women of Europe what she had done in America. She returned to England in 1869. There she served
for forty years, which made her a hero.
1. What made Elizabeth want to be a doctor?
A. Her poor family.
B. Her father’s advice.
C. Her family members’ early death.
D. The inequality between girls and boys.
2. Why did Elizabeth’s family move to America?
A. To sell more sugar.
B. To look for chances to live.
C. To open a hospital for women.
D. To help Elizabeth study medicine.
3. It can be inferred from Para. 4 that in America .
A. hardly any women studied medicine
B. studying medicine was considered decent
C. women were not allowed to receive education
D. women and children suffered a lot from poor health
4. Which is the right order of the following events about Elizabeth?
a. She opened the first hospital for women.
b. She opened a medicine store in America.
c. Her family moved to New York.
d. She graduated from a medical school.
e. She returned to England to serve.
f. Her family’s business was destroyed.
g. She went to Paris to study medicine.
A. c-f-d-g-b-a-e
B. f-c-d-g-b-a-e关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
C. f-c-g-d-b-a-e
D. f-c-g-d-b-e-a
V. 语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Winston Churchill once observed that “We make a living by what we get; we make a life by what we give. ”
Through selfless service, volunteers are the glue 1. holds a community together. Many activities 2.
(voluntary) aid the elderly, disabled and children. No one is a lonely island in the sunshine of 3. (joy)
giving. Moreover, volunteering is a two-way street of giving and 4. (receive). It arouses our passion to
explore new interests. Sometimes we get locked into the “rat race” of life and volunteering can be an escape 5.
the routine of life. Given the significance of volunteerism, it’s time that we rolled up our sleeves and 6.
(extend) a helping hand. For 7. (I) part, I work as a volunteer at the local animal shelter, 8.
I continue taking care of my funny friends. Besides, I am planning to deliver meals on wheels to housebound
people who live in our community. I hope my efforts can inspire people around me 9. (engage) in
voluntary activities and create a circle of virtue we need. Work together, and I believe what we do will make a 10.
(different) to the world.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. The building plans include much needed new accommodation, ranging(range)from tourist class to luxury
hotels.
2. The stadium being built(build)at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
3. By the time my friend got there, his son had died on the operating (operate) table.
4. The flowers smelling(smell)sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.
5. There is a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again.
6. It was astonishing(astonish)that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.
7. The problem which he met in the new school is quite puzzling(puzzle).
8. She told her boy not to stamp on the floor so as not to disturb the sleeping(sleep) baby.
9. When we returned to the dormitory, we found a stranger standing(stand) there.
10. We should hold that seeing is believing (believe).
11. Having selected(select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.
12. Not knowing(know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.
13. Hearing(hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
14. Judging(judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.
15. The decision having been made(make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
16. Working(work) harder at English, you’ll make greater progress.
17. When exploring the cave, they found a valuable mineral.
18. It being(be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercise.
19. Looking (look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.
20. The case shocked the public, causing(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.
Ⅱ. 1. Watch the men coming this way.
2. The dog drinking the polluted water yesterday is dead.
3. The crying baby makes me annoyed.
4.Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
5. The result was disappointing to us.
6.The rising sun looks beautiful.
7. The boy standing near the window was good at playing football.
8. The embarrassing question is hard to answer.
9. My job is designing machines.
10. His habit is arriving at the factory half an hour early.
IⅡ. 1. Personally speaking, I’m satisfied with your performance.
2. The film star intended to leave quickly, only to be surrounded by his fans.
3. Football is played all over the world, making it a popular sport.
4. There being no customers, they closed the store.
5. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
6. Having tried many times(=Though he had tried many times), he still couldn’t succeed.
7. Setting off earlier/If setting off earlier(=If you set off earlier), you’ll get to the town at dusk.
8. I saw a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
9. My parents leave me to choose/make(have)me choose my own friends.
10. Don’t have the students studying all day.
ⅠV. 【文章大意】本文介绍了美国首位取得医学博士学位的伟大女性Elizabeth Blackwell。
1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知, Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡, 这让
她产生了当医生的想法。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知, Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝, 在她被纽约的一关注精品公众号【偷着学】，免费获取更多高中精品资源、最新网课、讲义等
家医学院录取后, 当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流, 都斥责她, 让她离开, 由此可知当时几乎没有
女性学医, 因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。
4.【解析】选B。事件排序题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是: Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产
→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇女医
院→她返回家乡做贡献。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇鼓励人们忘记竞争、积极主动帮助他人、参与志愿者活动的短文。
1. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导的是定语从句, 且从句中缺少主语,
先行词glue为物, 故应用that/which。
2. 【解析】voluntarily。考查副词。修饰动词aid应用voluntary的副词形式voluntarily。
3. 【解析】joyful。考查形容词。修饰名词giving, 应使用joy的形容词形式。
4. 【解析】receiving。考查非谓语动词。空处与前面的“giving”是由and连接的两个并列成分, 同作介词of
的宾语, 在形式上应保持一致, 所以应填receiving。
5. 【解析】from。考查介词。an escape from为固定用法, 表示“摆脱, 逃避”。
6. 【解析】extended。考查虚拟语气。It is time that. . . “该做某事了”结构中从句要用虚拟语气, 从句谓语用
过去式或should do, 根据前面的“rolled”可知设空处需要用extended。
7. 【解析】my。考查代词。根据后面句子的主语“I”可知此处应用my。
8. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。设空处引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词shelter, 且在从句中作地点状语,
故填where。
9. 【解析】to engage。考查非谓语动词。inspire sb. to do sth. “鼓励某人做某事”。
10. 【解析】difference。考查固定结构。make a difference to. . . “对……产生作用/影响”, 为固定结构。
