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第 06 讲 Unit 1 单词词组短语知识点讲解
1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
1. crucial [ˈkruːʃl] adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的
教材 P2》This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou
(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for
malaria.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者）,她的研究发现了青蒿素，
这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。
归纳拓展
be crucial to对……至关重要
play a crucial role/part in sth.在……（方面）起关键作用
be of crucial importance非常重要
a crucial period 关键时期
根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)你的意见对这个计划至关重要。
Your opinion _________________________ the plan.
(2)在孩子们适龄时为他们提供应有的教育至关重要。
__________________________ to provide the children with efficient education suitable to their
age.
(3)The support of our fans _________________our winning the Super Cup.
球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。
参考答案(1) is crucial to (2) It is crucial (3)is crucial to/for
2.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria...
青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分……
归纳拓展
be vital to/for sb. /sth. … 对……是极为重要的
be vital to do sth. 做某事是极为重要的
It is vital that … (should) do …做……是极为重要的/生死攸关的
“虚拟语气”知多少
It is vital that. . . 句式中, that从句需用虚拟语气, 即should +do, should可以省略。类似
的句式还有:
It is/was necessary/natural/important/strange/essential that. . .
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Consideration for other people is vital all of us.
②It's vital that we (carry)out the operation immediately.
③旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。
Tourism to the Spanish economy.
【答案】1.to 2.(should) carry 3.is vital
3.commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China ， on 30
December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕
业于北京大学医学院。
经典例句
Unfortunately, although Van Gogh committed his whole being to painting, he received little
reward for his effort.
遗憾的是, 尽管梵高全身心地投入绘画, 但他努力所得到的回报却微乎其微。
A lot of the crime is committed by addicts who need money for drugs.
许多犯罪都是由需要钱买毒品的瘾君子导致的。
You don’t have to commit yourself to help/helping me at this stage. 在这个阶段你不必向我
承诺帮助我。
You should commit the message to memory.
你应当把这条消息记住。
[知识拓展]
(1)commit...to 把……送交/托付给……；
对……作出承诺，承担义务，
担负责任；使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to do/to doing...
承诺；保证做……
commit a crime 犯罪
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
commitment n. 承诺；委托；承担义务
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ___________________(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
(2) He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to_____________________ (practice) it.
(3) He admits that recently he has become addicted to__________________ (play) online games.
(4) Neighbors devoted their spare time to______________________ (help) others rebuild homes.
参考答案
(1)commitment 句意：在非洲和亚洲，数千万人可以看到是因为威尔逊努力阻止可以被防
止的事件发生。根据空前的“the”可知，此处需要用名词。
(2) practicing 句意：他喜欢演奏这种乐器并坚持练习。词组 be committed to 中的to为介
词，后面需接动名词。
(3)playing 句意：他承认他最近沉迷于网络游戏。词组 be/become addicted to中的to为介
词，后面需接动名词。
(4)helping 句意：邻居们把自己的空闲时间用于帮助他人重建家园。词组devote...to...中的
to为介词，后面需接动名词。
4.objective 目标，目的 adj. 客观的
教材 P2》In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of
discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers
chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦
是其中首批入选的研究人员。
【典型例句】
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
大多数演讲的主题是对观众们有益的。
My mother objected to my taking part in the club.
我妈妈反对我参加这个俱乐部。
I do have an objection to carrying out the plan discussed at the meeting at once.
我的确反对立即实施会上讨论的这个计划。
Most people at the meeting raised an objection to the new law. (话题典句)会上大部分人对新法
律提出了异议。
用法详解
subjective adj. 主观的
objectively adv. 客观地
object 物体，物品； 目标，目的，宗旨; 宾语
vi. 反对， 不赞成
objection 反对， 不赞成
object to doing sth 反对某事
“动词+介词to”短语知多少
stick to 坚持lead to 导致; 造成
get used to 习惯于
be/become addicted to 沉溺于
be/become accustomed to 习惯于
get down to 开始认真做某事
1.单句语法填空
(1) We simply want to inform people_________________ (objective) of the events.
(2) The method of analysis must be objective ___________________ evaluating accident rate.
2.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)我们的主要目标是让这个孩子安然无恙地恢复健康。
______________________ was the recovery of the child safe and well.
(2)我认为一名记者应该完全客观。
I believe that a journalist_____________________ .
参考答案
1.(1) objectively 句意：我们只是想把事件客观地告诉人们。此处用副词修饰动词inform。
(2)about 句意：对于评价事故率的分析方法必须是客观的。be objective about 对……是
客观的。
2. (1) Our main objective (2) should be completely objective
5.evaluate vt.评价；评估
Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their
medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。
【典型例句】
I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
没看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。
We need to evaluate how well the method is working.
我们需要评估这一方法产生的效果。
[知识拓展]
(1)evaluate sb.on/by 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计；评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We must evaluate her ability her work.
②We must (evaluate)the consequences caused by the fire.
＝ We must make an (evaluate)of the consequences caused by the fire.
③这项证据应当仔细地评定。
The evidence should ．【答案】1.on/by2.evaluate，evaluation3.be carefully evaluated
6.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
【典型例句】
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat
malaria, but this did not work either. (教材典句)
他们然后尝试煮新鲜的青蒿, 用从中取得的液体来治疗疟疾, 但这也没有效果。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the
moon is constructed.
因为这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球如何构造的信息。
These national parks obtained financial support from tourist companies.
这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。
But Laurent’s father, Alexander Simons, repeated his wish that his son should obtain his
bachelor degree at the age of 9. (时事典句)
但劳伦特的父亲亚历山大·西蒙斯反复重申他的意愿, 希望儿子在9岁时拿到学士学位。
I haven’t been able to obtain that book.
我还没能得到那本书。
[知识拓展]
obtain knowledge/one's degree 获得知识/学位
obtain sb.sth.＝obtain sth.for sb. 给某人带来某物
obtain sth.by doing sth. 通过做某事获得某物
obtainable(正式）adj.可获得的，能得到的
obtain sth.from sb./sth. 从某人/物获得某物
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1) The longer this situation______________ (obtain), the more extensive the problems become.
(2)_________________(obtain) her degree, she answered 81 questions on over 10 papers.
(3) I'm afraid that the record you asked for is no longer ________________ (obtain).
参考答案
(1)obtains句意：这种局面持续的时间越长，问题波及的范围就越大。
(2)To obtain 句意：为了获得学位，她回答了10多页纸上的81个问题。to obtain表目的。
(3)obtainable 做表语应该用形容词形式。
7.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
(教材P)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
2
然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。
【典型例句】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged after a customer
nominated her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
有一位顾客提名她为“柴郡年度女性”之后, 她多年的努力工作终于得到了认可。He acknowledged donating/having donated a great deal of money to the flooded area.
他承认给洪灾地区捐了很多钱。
We all acknowledge him as/to be the best leader.
我们都承认他是最好的领导。
She acknowledged that she had made a mistake.
她承认犯了错误。
【知识拓展】
acknowledge...to be/as...承认......是/为......
be acknowledged to be/as...被认为是......
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
It is widely acknowledged that...普遍认为……
acknowledgement n.承认；致谢，鸣谢
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
①She is acknowledged (be)one of the best singers in the world.
②With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge (steal)the
lady's purse.
③I was sent a free copy in (acknowledge)of my contribution.
④People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities.
→ students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities.
根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。
With no solid evidence, he refused to _________________________ the lady's purse.
(2)普京被广泛地认为是全世界一位杰出的政治人物。
Putin ___________________________ an outstanding political figure all over the world.
【答案】1.to be2.stealing/having stolen 3.acknowledgement 4.It is widely acknowledged that
(1)acknowledge/admit stealing
(2) is widely acknowledged to be/as
8.conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束 vi.结束；终止
【典型例句】
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
(教材典句)
她推断出煮青蒿很明显破坏了它的医疗特性。
He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语
中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
She concluded a judgement from the experiment.
她从实验中得出一个判断。
He concluded his class with a funny story.
他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。They concluded the birthday party by singing the song Happy Birthday To You.
他们以唱《祝你生日快乐》这首歌结束了生日聚会。
[知识拓展]
conclude from...从……中推断出
conclusion n.结论；推论
draw/reach/come to/lead to a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后；总之
conclusive adj.结论性的，有说服力的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We will have a further discussion before we draw a final (conclude).
② conclusion, I would like to say the film Born in China is worth seeing.
③She concluded her performance a poem.
④What can we conclude the conversation?
【答案】1.conclusion2.In 3.with 4.from
9.insist on坚决要求
(教材 P)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on
3
themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。
【典型例句】
Since they insist on going, we’ll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with
us.
既然他们坚持要去, 干脆我们就顺水推舟, 让他们一同去。
(2019·天津高考)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what
you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为正确的。
Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
尽管他所有的朋友都责备他, 但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。
My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first.
妈妈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
归纳拓展
insist on/upon sth. 坚持某事
insist on/upon doing sth. 坚持要求（某人）做某事
insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：
表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可
以省略。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The manager insisted on the work (do)in two hours.②He insisted walking me to the station to see me off.
③He insisted that the problem (discuss)at the meeting.
④她坚持立刻就走。
She at once.
【答案】1.being done2.on/upon 3. (should)be discussed 4.insisted on leaving
10.circumstance
There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们没有办
法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。
用法详解
circumstance n.[常用复数]条件；环境；状况
I know I can trust her in any circumstance.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。
Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
一个战士在任何情况下都不应该离开岗位。
归纳拓展
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
in/under no circumstances 无论如何都不；绝不（位于句首时，谓语动词要部分倒装）
financial/social/personal circumstances经济/社会/个人状况
1．Kate,________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
2．She and her family bicycle to work,___________helps them keep fit.
3．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____（allow） more patients to
be treated.
4．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of___________purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
5．He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case.
6．He is widely _____________ (acknowledge) as the best player in the world.
7．In the war, they avoided________(defeat) by the enemy.
8．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time__________（spend）with his students.
9．When he brings his speech to a nice________(conclude), Whaley invites the class to praise
him.
10．Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _________（use）the sun and the stars.11．When fighting with natural disasters, the workers were___________(passion) and looked for
entertainment through competition.
12．It is vital that enough money_________（collect）to fund the project.
1．whose 2．which3．allowing
4．whose 5．being given 6．acknowledged
7．being defeated 8．spent 9．conclusion
10．using 11．passionate
12．（should）be collected
