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名词
在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性
转化、主谓一致等。
名词的考点归纳
考点一 可数名词的数 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则：此处略去500字
考点二 不可数名词
（一）一般说来，抽象名词为不可数名词
eg: advice, knowledge, information,love, time, work(工作), luck, help, success, courage, progress, freedom,
luggage, housework, homework, fun, weather, anger等
（二）物质名词通常为不可数名词
eg: water, air,tea, coffee, oil, soup, milk, rain, meat, hair, sugar
（三）抽象名词具体化后，有单复数的变化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可
数
名词。
(1)difficulty困难；a difficulty一件难事 (2)failure失败；a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事
(3)knowledge知识；a good knowledge of丰富的知识(4)success成功；a success一位成功者，一件成功的
事
(5)surprise惊奇；a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 (6)honour荣誉；an honour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或
事
温馨提示：
可数名词 不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词
生活（常作
工作 job work life 生命（性命）
[U]）
建议 suggestion advice exercise 练习，眼操 运动
采取措施 take measures take action experience 经历 经验
考点三 名词与其他词类的词形变化名词后
意义 例词
缀
抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状 use—usage用途short—shortage缺乏
-age
态、结果或总称 marry—marriage婚姻pack—package包裹
-ance accept-acceptance接受perform—performance表演
抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状
，
exist—existence存在occur—occurrence发生differ
态、行为、过程
-ence
—difference不同
expect—expectancy期待end—tendency趋势，趋
-ancy 向
， 抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状
态 emergent—emergency紧急情况
-ency
fluent—fluency流利；流畅
-dom 表示状况或状态 free—freedom自由wise—wisdom智慧
receive—receiver接受者，听筒
-er， 表示“······人，
carry—carrier携带者begin—beginner初学者
-or ······者”
direct—director主任operate—operator操作者
technique—technician技术员,
构成人称名词，表示“精
-ian
通······的人”
magic-magician魔术师
-ness 构成抽象名词 happy-happiness, lazy-laziness, tired-tiredness
由动词变化而来的抽象名词， classify—classification分类communicate—
-ication
常义为“······化” communication交流
-ics 表示“······学科” economic—economics经济学
produce—production生产solute—solution解决方
由动词构成的名词，表示行为
法organize—organization组织；机构
-ion, 的过程、
construct—construction建设describe—description
-ation, 结果、状况，意为“······行
考 点 描述direct—direction方向 四 名词
为；
所 有 格
-ition
hesitate—hesitation犹豫compete—competition竞
······状态”
争
名词所 有格表示所
构成人称名词，表示“从
属关系，-ist 事······研究者；信仰······主义 special—specialist专家piano—pianist钢琴家 表“...的”
者”
（一） responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity ’s 所有格
-ity/ty 抽象名词后缀，表示性质
相似
( 单 数 名 词 和 不
以 - s 结尾的复数名词加 ’ s ，以 - s 结尾的复数名词加 ’ )
1. 表有生命名词的所有格eg: the boy’s books, the boys’ books, the children’s books
2. 表国家、机构、时间、距离等无生命的名词 eg: today’s newspaper, the world’s population, five minutes’ walk
3. 表某人的家或店铺 eg: We went to Lucy’s for dinner.
（二）of所有格表无生命名词的所有格eg: the cover of the book, the end of the road
（三）双重所有格
双重所有格的名词通常是有生命的eg: a friend of my brother’s, a friend of mine
【注】带词尾-s的单数名词，通常仍加-’s：
the boss’s plan 老板的计划 the hostess’s worry 女主人的担心
带词尾-s的人名，可加’s 或只加省字撇(’)：
Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles’s job 查理斯的工作
考点五 名词与主谓一致 注意：
集体名词(若视为整体，表示单数意义； family(家庭;家人),team(队;队员),class(班;班级
若强调其个体成员，表示复数意义。) 学生),audience(听众)
复数形式单数意义，谓语动词用单数 physics, politics, news
单数形式复数意义，谓语动词常用复数 people;police;public
只有复数形式，表示复数意义，谓语动 goods(货物), clothes(衣服)，trousers,
词也用复数 glasses,scissors(剪刀)
集训：1.His family (be) well-known in the town in the past.
2.His family (be) waiting for him now.
3.There (be) many people at yesterday’s meeting.
4.Where (be) my glasses？ / 5.No news (be) good news.
6This means (work). These means all (work).
7.The police (search) for the suspect these days. /
8.These clothes (wash) well.
集训：1--6 was are were are is work works are searching wash
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of (achieve)2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
influenced the (develop)of chopsticks.
3.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房）admirable is their
(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.
4. The nursery team switches him every few ( day) with his sister so that while one is being
bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.
5. Any smell might attract natural ______ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
6.It is important to remember that success （be）a sum of small efforts made each day.
单句改错
1. （2014年全国卷1）The cherry tomatoes(圣女果) are small in size,but juicy and taste.
2. (2016全国卷1) The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times.
3. (2016全国卷) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
4.(2016全国卷3) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
5.(2015全国卷2)One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his both parent....he turned around and found
that his parents were missing.
6.(2011全国卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
II
巩固练习：
一、单句语法填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia’s biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for
tourists like me，pandas are its top________(attract).
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks
regularly.
3.(2016·淄博高三二模)He lost all his ________(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.
4.(2016·滕州 5 月模拟)For several weeks，Mrs.Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky ________(housewife) like
many of her friends.5.(2016·太原模拟)The little boy ate so many ________(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and
dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________(painting).
7.(2015·江苏卷)Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
8.(2015·江苏卷)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.
—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize).
9.(2015·浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone
you trust.
10.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the ________ (change)
are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.
11.(2014·辽宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh...，if you don’t mind，I’ll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe).
12.There are twenty-three ________(man) teachers in our school.
13.[2014·湖南高考]All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees
throughout the growing seasons of the year.
14.However, his resignation will never stop ___ (teenagers) dreams.
15.[2015·安徽合肥质检二]So far, almost every possible means _________(try)to provide accommodation and
medical rescue for the people in the floodstriken area.
二、单句改错（每句一处错误）
1. (2016浙江卷) When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
2．(2016全国卷1)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
3. (2016山西二模) We were all moved to tear.
4. (2016成都二诊) What’s worse, the driver’s informations might be unreliable.
5. (2016湖北联考) At the end of 2002, there were 20 millions mobile phone users.
6. (2016河南期中) We should learn to take others’ advices and do the right things.
7.(2014全国卷2)My dream school look like a big garden.
8.(2013全国卷2)This made for the grow in the porcelain(瓷器) industry.
9.(2016天水一中)But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand.
10.. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
11. (2016湖北六校联考) They hope many such activity can be held in the future.
12.(2014辽宁高考)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.13. (2007全国卷) I first met Li Meng at a friend birthday party five years ago.
14.（2016四川高考）Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.
15. (2016湖北联考) Yesterday, one of my favorite stamp was lost, which made me really upset.
16. (2016广州一模) But soon, she came back with a bottle of pill.
三、语篇填空：
Robots used for housework were tested out in some 1. (family).Tony，one of the 2. (robot)，
looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away
from home.Also，3. (curious) drove him to have a try on such a new thing.So he hired a robot to
accompany his wife Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of
Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the 4. (hostess) trust.He helped Claire realize
her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make-up she wore and giving her
5. (advise) on her 6. (person) dresses.Therefore at the party all her guests who were invited were
filled with 7. (admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company was
satisfied with 8. (Tony) report and believed it was 9. success because he had successfully made a
woman regain her 1 0 . (confident) and fall in love with him.
Ⅰ语法填空：1--6 achievement development abilities days enemies is
单句改错：1--6 tasty time knowledge years parents friend’s
II
单句语法填空1--5 attraction studies keys housewives potatoes
6--10 paintings adjustments apology/ apologies stress changes
11-15 breath men is teenagers’ has been tried
单句改错：1--5 child honesty tears information million
6--10 advice looks growth public’s air
11-16 activities was friend’s housework stamps pills
语篇填空 1--5 families robots curiosity hostess’s advice
6--10 personal admiration Tony’s a confidence
