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主谓一致
Ⅰ.含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形
式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is true.
【注意】★ 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或
what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books. What I say and do has nothing to do with you.
a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：
This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their
honeymoon.
2.“单数名词 + and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：
You and I are good friends. The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the
news.
【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语
The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.
The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其
谓语动词要用单数形式:
Every man, woman, and child needs love. Each boy and girl was given a book.
Every minute and every second is precious.
有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单
词用单数。这类名词词组有：
knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 针线 bread and butter 面包和黄油
fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条 the stars and stripes 星条旗
Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England. The stars and stripes is the national flag of
the U.S.A.
3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than,
more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:
The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.
The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight.
The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident.
4.each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词 作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：
Each arrives on time. Each of the building is painted a different color.
5.由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：
Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing you can do to help.6.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：
He who laughs last laughs best.
试比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复
数形式, 这些词有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：
The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful.
A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
The team were talking over some new plans.
【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
The police are looking for the lost child.
8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
Ⅲ. 逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复
数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）
1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：
Which is you favorite subject? Which are your favorite subjects?
All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.
2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语
动词常用单数形式：
Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt.
3. 复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：
The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City. The Thames has a large population.
4. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics，以及news，works等，都属
于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：
World economics has a direct effect on world peace. Physics was her major.
5. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished.
Ⅳ. 就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。
1. 当两个主语由 or; either…or; neither… nor; whether…or…; not only… but also连接时，谓
语动词和邻近的主语一致：
George or I am wrong. Either John or his friends are to blame for the bad results.
Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp.
Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party.
2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导
的句子用法相同)
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty girls and only one boy in our class.【主谓一致专项训练】
1. No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A．know B knows C．is knowing D．are known
2. of the money used up.
A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been C Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is
3. The number of the people who cars increasing.
A．owns, are B．owns, is C own, is D．own, are
4. Some person calling for you at the gate.
A．are B． will be C．is being Dis
5. Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.
A．doesn’t fit B don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for
6. Between the two buildings a monument.
A．stand B stands C．standing D．is standing
7. On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A．stands B． are grown C．is standing D grow
8. I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.
A am B．is C．are D．was
9. Deer faster than dogs. A ．are running B．runs C run D．will run
10. More than one answer to the question.
A．have been given B has been given C．were given D．had given
11. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our
school. A．are B is C．were D．was
12. Very few his address in the town.
A know B．knows C．are knowing D．has known
13. Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A．is B．comes C are D．are coming
14. All that can be eaten eaten up.
A．are being B．have been C．had been D has been
15. I know that all getting on well with her.
A．was B is C．are D．were
16. On the wall______ a picture and two lamps.
A were found B. was found C. find D. finds
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2. The rich_____ not always happy. .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. This special strain of rice ___________ one-third more of the crop in the same field.
A. makes possible to produce B. makes it possible to produce
C. make possible producing D. make it possible producing
4. A variety of books _____________ the children of different ages.A. are interested in B. is interested in
C. are intending for D. is intending for
5. Tom as well as two of his friends ________ to the concert last night
A. has been invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. was invited
6.—Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate
before 6:30 in the morning.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
7. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintings tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. It is I _________ my parents who__________ to blame for the accident.
A. other than; are B. rather than; am C. more than; are D. than; is
9. In our school, many a boy ____ playing football and more girls than one ____ playing it.
A. likes; likes B. like; like C. like; likes D. likes; like
10. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
11. What we used to think ______ impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
12.As you can see，the price of pork，eggs and grain rising _____ these days.
A. are keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
13. Three students in ten will go and _____ to stay in the classroom.
A. the rest are B. the rest is C. the other are D. the other is
14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ___________ used regularly. Now
we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D play
16. No freshman and no graduate _______ to sit in on the forum.
A. are allowed B. is allowed C. are agreed D. is agreed
17. On each side of the street _______a lot of trees.
A. stands B. stand C. is standing D. are grown
18. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
19. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai_________ netizens, but in poorer areas, only
three or four percent _________online.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
20. The theory he's stuck _____________ us that earthquake can be forecast.
A. to proves B. to prove C. to provingD. to proved
1-5. ABBBD 6-10. BABDB 11-15. BCADA 16-20. BBCBA
