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专题 04 动词的时态和语态—备战 2023 年高考英语考试易错
题
技巧1 1.掌握独特的时间状语标志
1.By about 6，000 BC，people ____________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to
raise.
【解析】句意：大约在公元前6 000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲
畜。“by＋过去时间”意为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。逻辑主语和提示词
之间表示主动逻辑。
【答案】had discovered
(1)题干中如有always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。
(2)题干中如有yesterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day，then等，用一般过去时。
(3)题干中如有tomorrow，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。
(4)题干中如有now，at present，currently等，用现在进行时。
(5)题干中如有at that time，at six o’clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如有at this time tomorrow，from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。
(7)题干中如有since，so far，up to now，in/over/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。
完成短文：
At first，Jack wasn’t fond of studying and was addicted to computer games.Every time his mother__1________ to
his room，she found that he _2_______________computer games.His father _3_________________him many
times before he went to middle school，so he promised that he __4________________hard and quit computergames.
It is amazing that Jack ___5_______________a lot in the past three years.Whenever asked about Jack’s
performance at school ， his mother always ___6_______________proudly ， “ He_7_________________
progress.”He __8________________preparations for the college entrance exams.
There is no doubt that Jack ___9_______________a good college if he keeps working hard like this.Maybe in the
near future he ____10______________in a key university.
【解析】①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在
分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现
在完成时，结构为：have/has＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三
人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。⑧是现在进行时，结构为：
am/is/are＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋
现在分词。
【答案】1.went; 2 was playing; 3 had condemned; 4 would study; 5 has changed; 6 answers; 7 has
been making; 8 is making; 9 will be admitted to; 10 will be studying
技巧2 瞻前顾后找并列
1.The real reason why prices ____________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short
discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
【解析】题干中没有时间状语，由并列连词and后面的参照动词“are”和“is”无法判断出所填
动词的时态。根据句意可知，价格以前很高，现在仍然很高，可知陈述的是过去的事实，故
应用一般过去时。
【答案】were
(1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等前后的
谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；
(2)同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要保持一致。1. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that
he____________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
【解析】题干中虽然有时间状语“in 1879”，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“As a
child”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”
时，而是以后的事，即将来，故所填词应用过去将来时。
【答案】was going to be
2.—Is Peter coming?
—No, he ____________(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
【解析】题干中虽然有时间状语“at the last minute”和参照动词“Is”，但它们都不能准确定位
所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：——彼得要来
吗？——不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。由此可知，所填词的动作发生
在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
【答案】changed
3. (天津卷)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ____________(not
see) for years.
【解析】句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了多年未见的戴维。分析句子结构可知，从句中
缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”这一
动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。
【答案】hadn't seen
技巧3固定句式要记牢
1 . It is the first time that I ____________(be) to Beijing.
【解析】句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为 be动词，考虑设空处在从句中作谓语，并考
虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time that sb. has/have done...”确定使用现在完成
时。【答案】have been
1.__________________________________ the key to learning a foreign language well is nothing but practice.
人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。
【答案】It is generally considered that
2. __________________________________ the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。
【答案】It is reported that
技巧4把握逻辑关系，确定主动或被动
1.Hot pot restaurants can ____________(find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the
quality and taste can vary hugely.
【解析】动词find和句子的主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。
【答案】be found
Xiao Ming’s Cellphone
Xiao Ming’s cellphone _1___________.I couldn’t get through to him while the cellphone
_2_________________.I wanted to inform him that he __3_________________by the basketball club.
Cellphones __4___________widely________nowadays.It seems that they ___5________________
so frequently that people ____6_______________by them.Someone thinks that cellphones
___7________________on some occasions.
Xiao Ming’s cellphone ___8_______________well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the
cellphone___9_______________home and ___10________________again.
【解析】①是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是过去进行时的被动语态，结构
为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是过去完成时的被动语态，结构为：had been＋过去分词。④是一般
现在时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是现在进行时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋
being＋过去分词。⑥是现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。
⑨是将来完成时的被动语态，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。⑩是将来进行时的被动语态，结构为：
will＋be being＋过去分词。
【答案】1 was broken ; 2 was being repaired ; 3 had been admitted；4 are … used ; 5 are being used
; 6 have been controlled ; 7 should be restricted ; 8 will be repaired ; 9 will have been brought; 10 will
be being used
基础夯实
考点一 一般现在时与一般过去时
1．一般现在时
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
◆Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作时，多
用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
◆Ice feels cold.
冰摸起来很冷。
◆These oranges taste good.
这些橘子味道很好。
◆They always care for each other and help each other.
他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。
(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作。
◆My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends at 3：30 p．m.
我理想中的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。
◆The shop closes at 11：00 p．m. every day.
这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
◆I'll write to her when I have time.
我有时间就给她写信。
◆If she comes this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.
如果她今天下午过来，我们就举行会议。2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用，如yesterday、last
month、just now、the other day、three days ago、in 1989等。
◆The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.
前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
◆When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.
他小时候经常洗冷水澡。
◆I didn't expect to see you studying at the library.
我没想到会在图书馆里见到你。
(2)上下文语境中，暗含有表示过去的时间状语时用一般过去时。
◆George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。
(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
◆He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(4)表达“原以为、原希望”等意义时，know、think、expect等动词常用一般过去时。
◆Much to my disappointment, the film is not as moving as I expected.
令我非常失望的是，这部电影没有和我原本预料的一样感人。
(5)常见句型：
①“It is (high) time that sb.did sth.”意为“是某人该做某事的时候了。”
◆It is high time that we took action to protect our environment.
是我们该采取措施保护环境的时候了。
②“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...did sth.意为“自从……做某事已经……了。”
◆As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.
据我所知，他参军三年了。
③“would/had rather sb.did sth.”意为“宁愿某人做某事”
◆I'd rather you stayed at home today.
我宁愿你今天待在家里。
考点二 现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时
1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。
◆He is working on a paper.他正在写论文。
(2)表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作。
◆She is teaching English and learning Chinese.
她在教英语和学汉语。
(3)go、come、leave、start、take off、arrive at、run out等位移动词可用进行时代替将来时。
◆We are leaving for Shanghai on Friday.
我们星期五动身去上海。
(4)与always、often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。
◆The girl is always talking aloud in public.
这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。
◆Her group are always blaming each other. It's awful, isn't it?
她的团队总是互相指责。太可怕了，不是吗？
[名师点津] 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：
(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：like、love、hate、care、remember、believe、want、
mind、wish、agree、mean、need等；
(2)表示存在状态的动词：appear、exist、lie、remain、seem、belong to等；
(3)表示行为结果的动词：allow、accept、permit、promise、admit、complete等；
(4)表示感官的动词：see、hear、notice、feel、smell、sound、taste、look等。
2．过去进行时
(1)过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
◆He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。
(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
◆She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.
当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。
(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，有此用法的动词往往为位移动词，如 go、
begin、leave、arrive、come、return等。
◆I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
◆This time next week I'll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。
考点三 现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时
1．现在完成时
(1)表示动作发生在过去，截止到目前已经完成或者对现在造成一定的影响。常见的时间
状语：
①表示“到目前为止”的短语：so far、by far、up to now、till now、by now等；
②表示“最近的”副词或者相关短语：lately、recently、in recent years等；
③表示“在过去……时间内”的短语：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months、
weeks...)等；
④表示“自从”的短语：ever since、since ＋ 过去的时间。
◆I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition.
自从萨拉很小的时候我就没再见过她，她已经变得认不出来了。
◆He moved here in 2016 and he has lived here ever since.
他于2016年搬到这里，从那之后他一直住在这里。
(2)现在完成时还可以用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
◆Please return the book to me when you have finished it.
当你读完这本书时请把它归还给我。
◆If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.
如果你做了这个实验，你就会更好地理解这个理论。
(3)常见句型：
①“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...”意为“自从……已经多久了”。
◆It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
我大学毕业已经十年了。
②“This/It/That is the first/second/third/...time that...”意为“这/那是……第一/二/三/……
次……”，that从句要用现在完成时。
◆It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次游览这座城市。
③“This is＋the＋形容词的最高级＋名词＋that...”结构，that从句要用现在完成时。
◆This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
[名师点津] 注意避免思维定势： “for＋时间段”不一定是现在完成时的标志。一定要看
语境强调是“该动作发生在过去，和现在没有联系”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间或对现在有一定影响”(现在完成时)。
◆Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
杨振宁在美国生活多年，现在他生活在中国。
◆Dashan has lived in China for many years.
大山已经在中国居住了许多年。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，截止到过去已经完成。常见的时间状语：by＋过去
的时间(by the end of、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语)。
◆By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆汽车。
◆By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had already graduated from
college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
(2)表示意向的动词，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose 等，用过去
完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
◆We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain.
我们原计划天黑前完成工作，但被一场大雨耽搁了。
◆We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
我们原本预料你们能够赢得比赛。
(3)常见句型：
①“It was the first/second/...time that...”意为“这是第一/二……次……”
◆It was the second time that he had visited Beijing.
这是他第二次游览北京。
②在“hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...”句型中，主句常用过去完成时，意为
“一……就……”。当hardly、scarcely、no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
◆We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than
the bus started.
我们刚坐下，公共汽车就开动了。
◆I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.
＝Hardly had I opened the door when he hit me.
我刚打开门，他就打了我。
3．现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
◆For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
◆I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer.
今天早晨我给他打了很多次电话，但是没人接。
考点四 一般将来时与过去将来时
1．一般将来时
(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，
如tomorrow、next week等。
◆We will have a meeting tomorrow.
明天我们要开会。
◆We will die without air or water.
没有空气和水我们会死。
(2)be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，
也可用来表示自然现象。
◆Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
(3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
◆We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.
当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。
(4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事，该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
◆The train is about to leave.
火车即将发车。
2．过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常
用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。
◆He always said that he would study hard at that time.
他总是说他那时会努力学习。
考点五 动词的被动语态
1．被动语态在各种时态中的运用
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 shall/will have been done
◆To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，我从成百上千的申请者中当选来参加开幕仪式。
2．不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1)系动词类(look、seem、feel、taste、sound、prove、appear等)。
The fish smells good. 这鱼闻起来很香。
(2)表示主语特征的词(read、wash、write、sell、wear、lock等)，常与not、hardly、well、
easily、badly、nicely等副词连用。
◆These novels won't sell well. 这些小说不会畅销。
◆My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写得很流畅。
◆The door won't lock.门锁不上。
◆This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。
(3)不及物动词短词(break out、turn off、work out、belong to、take place、consist of等)。
◆Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.
在过去的十年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。
◆The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功地实施了。
◆The lamps on the wall turned off. 墙上的灯熄灭了。
3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1)在need、want、require、deserve、bear等动词，worth等形容词的后面，动词ing形式
表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
◆The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这座房子需要修理。
(2)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这
些形容词有nice、easy、fit、hard、difficult、important、impossible、pleasant、interesting等。
◆The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出来。模拟演练
时态
一、单选
1.The cost of living recently _____ steadily because of epidemic of COVID-19, leading some people to drop out of
the big city race.
A. is climbing B. is being climbed
C. has been climbing D. has been climbed
2.The _________ expression on her face showed that she _________ her teacher's explanation.
A.confusing; wouldn't quite understand
B.confused; hadn't quite understood
C.confusing; hadn't quite understood
D.confused; shouldn't quite understand
3.Our airconditioners sell well, but decades of years ago no one could have imagined such a big share in the market
that they ________ .
A. were to have B. were having C. have had D. had had
4.—I didn’t know you play the piano. It sounds wonderful!
—Thank you! I ______ it when I worked in the UK.
A. learn B. had learned C. have learned D. learned
5.I complained to the manager of the hotel about the poor service last night, but up to now, I ______ his reply.
A. didn’t receive B. haven’t received C. wouldn’t receive D. wasn’t receiving
6.The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _____ placed under the Minister’s car.
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would
7.The foreign friends you referred to _______ looking forward to _______ around our university.
A. are; being shown B. being; being shown
C. being; showing D. are; be shown
8.Great changes ________ in ShenZhen in the past few years.
A. were taken place B. have taken place C. took place D. were happened
9.Look! A volunteer ________ an old lady cross the street.A. is helping B. was helping C.help D.helped
10.He is the only one of the students who ________elected.
A. are B. have been C. has been D. is being
11.A singer and dancer ________ present at the party.
A. were B. was C. has D. have
12.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ around that level ever since.
A. are remaining B. has remained C. have remained D. is remaining
13.The building ________ since you________.
A. has constructed; have left B. constructed; left
C. has been constructed; left D. has been constructed; have left
14.If you study hard, you________ more options for your future.
A.has B.have C.had D. will have
15.—You look very tired. What's wrong with you?
—How bad luck today is! By the time I arrived at the airport, the plane________.
A. left B. was leaving C. has left D. had left
二、语法填空
16.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Maverick Francisco Oyao, a student at Western Mindanao State University in the Philippines, ①_____
(make) news headlines around the world after surprising his sister with a one-of-a–kind prom(舞会) dress
that he made ②_____ hand.
In early February, Maverick's sister, Lu Asey Keanna Oyao, wanted to attend the upcoming Prom.
Unfortunately, renting a dress was very expensive, and their parents ③_____ (simple) couldn't afford it. Keanna
was worried about it. Determined to make his sister's prom a ④_____ (memory) one, Maverick decided to
make her a unique princess dress ⑤_____ (he).
Maverick started watching YouTube tutorials(教程) and looking at Spring and Summer collections as
⑥_____ (inspire) for Keanna's dress design. Finally, Maverick managed to turn the design he ⑦_____ (set) on
paper into a reality. The blue dress he made for his sister fit her beautifully.
And when Maverick posted ⑧_____ (photo) of the making - of process as well as the finished dress, along
with the story of ⑨_____ it came to be, it went viral online, first in the Philippines, and then all over the world.
"It was a day ⑩_____ I will never forget because sleepless nights paid off" Oyao wrote on Facebook.
17. A simple badge(徽章) is playing an important role in helping lost seniors return home. By scanning a QRcode on a plastic badge, anyone with a smartphone can reach the person’s emergency contact ①_____(immediate).
"It’s efficient and ②_____(save) effort," said Li Caoliang, head of the Lei Feng police station in Fushun, Liaoning
province.
The idea came to Li and his ③_____(colleague) four years ago when dealing with more than 200 lost seniors in
a year. Some of the old people got lost because they had illnesses such as memory ④_____(lose) or Alzheimer’s.
They couldn’t tell their identity, address or phone number. Sometimes, the officers had to spend hours
⑤_____(try) to figure out who to call from vague descriptions by the lost seniors. In some cases, the lost seniors
had to stay overnight at the station before their families ⑥_____(contact). The number of lost seniors has dropped
to around 30 a year since ⑦_____ the police developed came into use.
China has 264 million old people, accounting ⑧_____ 18.7 percent of its population according to its seventh
population census ⑨_____(conduct) last year. Wang Jiajuan, ⑩_____ has long focused on improving public
services for an aging society, says the innovative QR code ID helps guarantee the travel safety of seniors.
答案以及解析
1.答案：C
解析：考察时态语态。最近，由于 COVID-19 的流行，生活成本一直在稳步攀升，导致一些人退出了大
城市 的竞争。由时间状语 for many years 以及逗号后分句的时态可知此处表示过去发生并且仍在进行的
动作，故用 现在完成进行时，故选 C。
2.答案：B
解析：confusing令人因惑的；confused.感到因惑的；第一个空confused修饰expression，表示自身的感受；
第二个空用过去完成时，表示not understand的动作发生在showed之前；句意：她脸上因惑的表情说明她
还没有完全明白经理的意思。根据句意，故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：本题主要考查过去将来时。根据句意，“我们”的空调卖得很好，但是几十年前没有人能想到会有
这么大的市场份额。decades of years ago 表明时间是过去，could have imagined 表示对过去事实的推测，
imagine 意为“想象”，表明在当时属于将来的事情，因此用过去将来时。主语 they 为复数，因此使
用 were to have。故正确答案为A。
4.答案：D
解析：我在英国工作的时候学过钢琴，考查一般过去时表达动作开始在过去结束在过去的用法，故选D。
5.答案：B解析：句意：上个月我就这种劣质服务向这家宾馆的经理投诉，但直到现在我还没收到他的回复。根据时
间状语up to now可知，此处用现在完成时。
6.答案：C
解析：考查时态。句意：警察的注意力突然被放在部长汽车下面的一个小盒子吸引住了。定语从句中“放
在部长汽车下面的一个小盒子发生在注意力被吸引”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：本题主要考查现在进行时、动词词组和句子分析。本题中 you referred to 是 the foreign friends 的定
语，所以本句缺少谓语动词，第一空应填 are，表示“外国朋友正期待着”，排除B、C项，又由于 look
forward to 后加动名词，只有A项符合。故正确答案为A。
8.答案：B
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年中，深圳发生了巨大的变化。由“in the past few
years"可知，句子时态用现在完成时，take place意为 “发生”，无被动语态，主语changes是复数。故选
B。
9.答案：A
解析：考查现在进行时。句意：看！一个警察正在帮助一个老太太过马路。分析句子，根据look可知，此
句应用现在进行时。故选：A。
10.答案：C
解析：考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：他是学生中唯一当选的。A.are是，一般现在时的复数形式；
B.have been是，现在完成时复数形式；C.has been是，现在完成时第三人称单数形式；D.is being是，现在
进行时。分析句子可知，缺少定语从句的部分谓语，结合句意可知，应该使用现在完成时，排除AD；先
行词是the only one of the students，所以从句谓语动词用第三人称单数，用现在完成时的被动语态have/has
been done，助动词用has符合题意。故选C。
11.答案：B
解析：考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：一位歌手兼舞蹈家出席了晚会。根据句意可知，句中涉及
固定短语“be present at…”，意为“出席……”，故可排除C和D，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一
般过去时，动词要用过去式，句中“A singer and dancer”指一个人，有歌手和舞蹈家的双重身份，故
“be”应用“was”。故选B项。
12.答案：B
解析：根据句意和时间ever since可知这里表示从那时到现在一直保持的状态，用现在完成时。主语是The
number of谓语用三单。故选：B。13.答案：C
解析：分析句子，since表示"自从"，引导时间状语从句，从句应用一般过去时，主句应用现在完成时，且
construct 与主语 The building 之间是被动关系，所以第一空应用现在完成时的被动语态，即 has been
constructed。C选项符合本句时态和语态。故选：C。
14.答案：D
解析：考查时态。根据语意，如果你努力学习，你将来会有更多的选择。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般
现在时表将来，遵循主将从现的原则。故选：D。
15.答案：D
解析：根据题意，一你看上去很累。你怎么了？一今天的运气很差！在我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞
了。本题考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，arrived的动作发生在过去，leave这个动作发生在arrived
之前，即过去的过去，过去完成时态。故选：D。
16. 答 案 ： ① made② by③ simply④ memorable⑤ himself⑥ inspiration⑦ had
set⑧photos⑨how⑩that/which
解析：①考查动词时态，句意：菲律宾西棉兰老岛州立大学的学生马弗里克·弗朗西斯科·奥奥因一件自己
亲手制作的舞会礼服给了妹妹一个惊喜，成为了世界各地的新闻头条。分析句子可知，提示词是主句谓语
动词，结合从句中的“made”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填made。
②考查介词，句意同上，by hand为固定短语，表示“用手工”。故填by。
③考查副词。句意：不幸的是，租一件衣服非常昂贵，而他们的父母根本买不起。修饰动词afford需用副
词作状语。故填simply。
④考查形容词。句意：为了让妹妹的舞会更有纪念意义，马弗里克决定亲自为她做一件独特的公主礼服。
修饰代词one，需用形容词memorable作定语。故填memorable.
⑤考查代词。句意同上。此处表示“Maverick自为她做一件独特的公主礼服”，空处表示“他自己”，需
用反身代词himself。故填himself.
⑥考查名词。句意：Maverick开始在YouTube上观看教程，并将春夏系列作为基安娜服装设计的灵感来源。
As为介词，后面需加名词作宾语。故填inspiration.
⑦考查动词时态。句意：最后,马弗里克成功地将他在纸上设定的设计变成了现实。分析句子结构可知,
“he ⑦____(set) on paper into a reality.”为省略了that的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，set这个动作发
生在managed to tum之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had set。
⑧考查名词。句意：马弗里克在网上发布了制作过程和成品的照片，以及它是如何产生的故事，随后这件
衣服在网上疯传，先是在菲律宾，然后传遍了全世界。photo为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填photos。
⑨考查宾语从句。句意同上，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词 how引导。故填
how。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：Oyao在脸书上写道：“这是我永远不会忘记的一天，因为不眠之夜给了我回
报。”空处引导定语从句，先行词day，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填
that/which。
17.答案：① immediately ② saves ③ colleagues ④ loss ⑤ trying ⑥ were contacted ⑦ what ⑧ for
⑨conducted ⑩Who
解析：①考查副词。句意:通过扫描塑料徽章上的二维码,任何拥有智能手机的人都可以立即联系到此人的
紧急联系人。修饰动词reach,应用副词。故填immediately。
②考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:"这样做既高效又省力,"辽宁省抚顺市雷锋派出所负责人李曹良说。根据
前文It's可知,此处描述现在状况,用一般现在时,主语为It,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填saves。
③考查可数名词复数。句意:四年前当李和他的同事在一年内处理200多名失踪老人时,他们产生了这个想法。
根据句意可知,"他的同事"是复数概念,应用名词复数。故填colleagues。
④考查不可数名词。句意:一些老年人迷路是因为他们患有诸如记忆力丧失或老年痴呆症之类的疾病。根据
前文such as可知,此处应用lose的名词loss作介词宾语,memory loss"失忆"是固定短语。故填loss。
⑤考查动名词。句意:有时,警官们不得不花几个小时试着从迷路的老人们模糊的描述中找出该给谁打电话。
spend...(in) doing sth"花费...做某事"是固定搭配。故填trying。
⑥考查时态语态。句意:在某些情况下,迷路的老人不得不在他们的家人联系之前在车站过夜。根据前文had
可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,动词contact和主语families之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时
的被动语态。主语为复数,主谓一致,故填were contacted。
⑦考查主语从句。句意:自从警方发明的东西投入使用以来,失踪老人的数量已经下降到每年30人左右。分
析句子可知,since引导时间状语从句,设空处引导的是主语从句,作时间状语从句的主语,应用连接代词what
引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为"警方发明的东西"。故填what。
⑧考查介词。句意:根据去年进行的第七次人口普查,中国有2.64亿老年人,占人口的18.7%。account for"(数
量、比例上)占"是固定搭配。故填for。
⑨考查过去分词。句意:根据去年进行的第七次人口普查,中国有2.64亿老年人,占人口的18.7%。非谓语动
词 conduct 和所修饰的名词 population census 之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填
conducted。
⑩考查非限制性定语从句。句意:长期致力于为老龄化社会改善公共服务的Wang Jiajuan表示,创新型二维码有助于保障老年人的出行安全。分析句子可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Jiajuan,关系代词
who引导从句,在从句中作主语,指人,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
语态
一、单选
1.If we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees __________.
A. will be saved B. will save C. are saved D. have saved
2.The moment she ________ the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
A. declared B. is declared C. declares D. was declared
3.The author's latest book The Evening and The Morning sold millions of copies as soon as it______.
A. had published B. has been published C. was published D. published
4.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A.is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
5.The manager found that his office _________ the day before.
A. had broken in B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into D. has been broken in
6.All his attention________ on what the teacher was saying, so he even didn't notice what was happening outside
the classroom.
A. fixed B. was fixed C. was fixing D. has been fixed
,
7.On the last day of their week-long stay John, as well as his friends, ________ to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. had been invited
8.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of
farming, deforestation and other development.
A. had been driven B. has been driven C. had driven D. has driven
9.The quality of a processed food largely ________ the raw material and the way it ________.
A. relies on; processes B. depends on; processes
C. decides on; is processed D. depends on; is processed
10.--Why don’t you ride your bicycle today?--Oh, it broke down. It ______ now.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired
C. was repaired D. will be repaired
11.___________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time?
A. When do you suppose women were allowed
B. When do you suppose women allowed
C. When do you suppose were women allowed
D. Do you suppose when women were allowed
12.After he retired from office, Rogers _________ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up
13.—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting?
—Impossible now. He ______ to do so, but he hurt his leg yesterday.
A. is expected B. had been expected
C. was expected D. would expect
14.A great number of colleges and universities _____ since 1949.
A. has been establish B. have been established
C. have established D. had been established
15.Now a lot of new technology can ________ problems in industry.
A. be applied to solve B. be applied to solving
C. apply to solve D. apply to solving
二、语法填空
16. Years ago, a documentary series titled Masters in the Forbidden City ①_________(release) in China and
soon became a hot topic, bringing the profession of cultural relic(文物) restoration into the public spotlight. Given
China's long history and rich collections, ②_________ takes years of experience and a deep understanding of
history to become a qualified restorer. ③_________ backstage heroes, many of them have devoted their lives to
protecting cultural relics.
In the Hubei Provincial Museum, Fang Guorong, 62, and Fang Chen, 32, jointly lift a 12-kilogram bronze
object, ④_________ attempt to restore a huge and ancient chime bell(编钟). They both work as relic restorers at
the museum. The chime bell they are taking care of is the ⑤_________ (heavy) one ever preserved there.
Fang Guorong has been engaged in restoration work for over 40 years. He enjoys it, ⑥_________ (treasure)
every touch of the bells. According to Fang Guorong, some chime bells were thought too damaged to be restored.But ⑦_________ (fortunate) , digital technologies like 3D scanning have been used ⑧_________ (preserve)
them. "That's something the older generation couldn't even dream of," he says.
Fang Chen began working in the museum in 2014. He has acquired new technologies his elder workmates may
find quite ⑨_________ (challenge). "The restoration work should also keep pace with advances in technology,"
says Fang Chen. "This doesn't mean overturning traditional methods. It's about the ⑩_________ (combine) of old
and new methods. "
17.阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Any community is composed of ①_____（individual）.Naturally, it matters a great deal to our
communities that we have a sense of responsibility towards them.
People living in the same area should ②_____（consider）a group under a duty to create a
comfortable living environment for the whole community. Reaching this goal ③_____（require）a sense
of responsibility among all residents, which encourages them to start ④_____ small steps, such as to avoid
making excessive noise that disturbs their neighbors. Moreover, a sense of collective responsibility among us
students contributes to a warm and friendly atmosphere，⑤_____ we respect and help each other. It will
⑥_____（ultimate）be constructive to our academic and moral progress. After we graduate from college
and get ⑦_____（employ）.we will find ourselves in a new community made up of colleagues. A sense
of community responsibility, also ⑧_____（know）as team spirit in the workplace, will be the key to
forming ⑨_____ united group towards a common goal in close cooperation with each other.
In conclusion, a sense of community responsibility is worth developing ⑩_____ it plays a significant role in
living, learning and working.
答案以及解析
1.答案：A
解析：本题考查时态。从句用一般现在时代替的是将来时态, 主句用一般将来时, 再根据树是被拯救, 故用
被动。选A。
2.答案：D
解析：the moment为连词，意为"一……就"，分析句子可知declare为从句的谓语动词，且she与declare为
被动关系，故应为be declared;根据主句的jumped可知，此句为一般过去时，应用was declared。故选：
D。
3.答案：C
解析：根据句意"这位作家的新书《黄昏与晨曦》一出版就卖出了几百万本"以及sold可知用一般过去时，且book与publish是被动关系，因此用was published。故选：C。
4.答案：D
解析：根据句义可以知道大量的肥沃土壤正在被冲走，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态，当 huge
quantities of good earth做主语时，谓语用复数，所以答案是D. are being washed away.其他选项中，AC
表示主动；B与主语不符。
5.答案：C
解析：本题考查时态和语态。found是过去,break into应是过去的过去,故过去完成时。break in是不及物动
词,不用被动语态。
6.答案：B
解析：根据下文中didn't notice可知，前文要用一般过去时，排除D项，且attention与fix之间是动宾关系，
要用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A、C项，只有B项正确。故选：B。
7.答案：B
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在他们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，约翰和他的朋友们被邀请到
北岸一个美丽的农场，在星空下听一场私人音乐会。当主语后接介词短语as well as并列主语时，谓语动
词的单复数应和介词短语前的主语保持一致。本句中主语 John，as well as his friends与谓语invite构成被
动关系，结合语境可知为一般过去时的被动语态，且与John保持一致，用单数。故选B。
8.答案：B
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的许多年里，由于农业、森林砍伐和其他发展，大熊猫被赶出了曾
经生活过的低地。分析可知，空格处为谓语，动词drive和主语the giant panda之间是被动关系，根据句
意和时间状语In the past many years，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。
9.答案：D
解析：考查词组辨析和被动语态,第一空填depend on“取决于”,第二空填is processed,因为食品是被加工,
句意是:加工食品的质量主要取决于原材料和加工过程。选D。
10.答案：A
解析：此题考查动词的时态。It指代bicycle，与repair之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表被动，所以选用
被动语态。根据时间状语now可知使用现在进行时的被动语态，所以答案为A项。
11.答案：A
解析：首先排除D项，疑问词应当放在句首。do you suppose为插入语，其后语序为陈述句语序；而且，
women和allow之间为动宾关系，故使用被动语态，排除B和C项。
12.答案：A解析：由后置语境"but soon lost interest"可知,A项正确。take up开始做;save up储蓄;keep up使处于高水
平;draw up起草,拟定。
13.答案：B
解析：首先确定是被动语态;由句意可知在他腿受伤之前他"被希望",发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
14.答案：B
解析：根据句中时间状语since1949可知应使用现在完成时，a number of修饰可数名词复数作主语，谓语
动词用复数，colleges and universities和establish是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动。故选B.
15.答案：B
解析：考查被动语态和短语用法的用法。句意：现在有很多新技术可以被运用到解决工业问题中。根据句
意可知， apply to n./doing，是固定搭配，意为“运用于”，又因为a lot of new technology和apply是被动
关系，故构成被动语态的结构，故选B。
16.答案：was released ; it; As ; who ; heaviest ; treasuring ; fortunately ; to preserve; challenging ; combination
解析： ①考查时态和语态。根据时间状语"Years ago"可知,此处应该用一般过去时;句子主语与谓语动词
release为被动关系,故填was released。
②考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用it作形式主语,不定式短语"to become a qualified restorer"是真正的
主语。
③考查介词。作为幕后英雄,他们中的许多人一生都致力于保护文物。空处意为"作为",故填As。
④考查定语从句。在湖北省博物馆,62岁的方国荣和32岁的方晨共同举起了一件12公斤重的青铜器,他们
试图修复编钟。空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代Fang Guorong和Fang Chen,故填who。
⑤考查比较等级。他们在修复的编钟是保存在湖北省博物馆里的最重的编钟。根据空前的 the和空后的
ever"曾经,以往任何时候"可知,空处应用形容词的最高级形式。
⑥考查现在分词。句中已有谓语enjoys,空处应用非谓语动词,treasure与主语He之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,
故用现在分词。treasure在此作动词,表示"珍视,珍爱,珍重"。
⑦考查副词。空处修饰整个句子,表示"幸运的是",故填所给词的副词形式。
⑧考查不定式。像3D扫描这样的数字技术已经被用来保护它们。此处为use sth. to do sth.的被动形式,故填
不定式to preserve。
⑨考查形容词。他掌握了一些老同事们可能会认为非常有挑战性的新技术。此处考查"find +宾语(sb./sth.)
+宾补(形容词)"结构,故填challenging。
⑩考查名词。此处表示新老技术的结合。根据空前的 the和空后的of可知应用名词。combination"结合,联
合"。17.答案：① individuals ② be considered ③ requires ④ with/from ⑤ where ⑥ ultimately ⑦ employed
⑧known ⑨a ⑩because/since/as/for
解析：①考查名词单复数。individual可数名词，“个体，个人”之意。
②考查情态动词的被动式。should be considered被看成……。
③考查主谓一致原则。reaching this goal是动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数。
④考查介词搭配。start with/from从……开始。
⑤考查定语从句。.friendly atmosphere作地点状语用关系刷词where。
⑥考查形容词变副词。ultimately作状语修饰整个句子。
⑦考查get+过去分词。get employed表示“被雇佣”。
⑧考查非谓语动词。known as为过去分词作后置定语。
⑨考查冠词。forming a united group意为“形成一个闭结的群体”。
⑩考查状语从句。根据上下文可以得知，该处表示的是“原因状语”。正是因为集体责任感在生活学习和
工作中扮演重要的角色，所以是值得培养的。
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________
(be)previously unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的
大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在 that引导的限制性定语
从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”
可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
__________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生
物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动
语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3（2022新高考II卷）Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
答案：was fixing
解析：考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据
空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故
使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
4（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly __________ (throw) his
tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案：threw
解析：考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的
and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填
threw。
5（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信
息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现
在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
6（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences
to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程
参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句
意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填 are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并
列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
7（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many
of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years
ago.答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有 200
个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，
故填have promised。
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句
“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。
故选A。
2．（2021·天津卷）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would
take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有
的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语
works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
3. （2021·全国甲卷语法填空）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's
long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored (修复).
…….
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】41.was built 46.hired
【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分
析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和
时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，
故填was built。47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下
文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
4. （2021·全国甲卷短文改错） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble,
we should seek help from those we trust most.
考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的 kept改为
keep。故kept改为keep。
5. （2021·全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering
how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分
析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，
it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应
用一般过去时。
6. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but
Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to
the public.
…….
When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home
___40___ （paint）white.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted
【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，
但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。
分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意
及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，
符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是 has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s
home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是
proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The
little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要
用被动语态；根据上文的 was built 可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式
是painted。故填was painted。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess 61 ． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——
上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填
touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
＂because it 67 ． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 ． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites
scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故
填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语
construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主
语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标II卷）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long
been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7
岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
4．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would 63 ． (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
5．（2020·新课标III卷） 6 5 （ When/A s ） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could
find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 ． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑
着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
6.（2020·浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food 59 ． (need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和
need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动
语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
7.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people 61 ． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的
牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表
示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
8.（2020·浙江卷）New methods 65 ． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此
处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示
主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
9.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 ． (form) the core
collection of the British Museum 39 （ which/that ） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的
核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
10.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40 ． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观
使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与 call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are
called。
11．（2020·天津卷）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状
语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时
态。故选A。
12．（2020·天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that
level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在
这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为 the number of medical
schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第
三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
13.（2020·江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。
句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是 a solution，从句谓语动词
应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
14.（2020·江苏卷）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last
three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完
成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主
语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词
要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the
people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had
arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将
来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用
被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷】I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage
it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第
二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to thevillage last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根
据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正
的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar
bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she
had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had
以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all
the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，
句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
is
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
was
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用
的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III卷】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful
places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in
the backyard.【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、
购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填
recommended。
11.【2019·新课标 III 卷】On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去
时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼
得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这
儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I
visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区
里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是
“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发
生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few
years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用
现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two
days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，
该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之
前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to
wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·江苏】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more
convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方
便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成
时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two
years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据
句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。8.【2018·新课标卷I】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。
这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的 During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一
个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country
___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水
稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷 II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语
从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no
real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般
过去时，所以用meant。
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. +when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意
“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
3.【2017·江苏卷】He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic
background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for
sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
4.【2017·北京卷】 People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as
a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以 than前
一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
5.【2017·北京卷】 In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones
_______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根
本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时
排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
6.【2017·北京卷】—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called
C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此
刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选
A。
7.【2017· 江苏】The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly
praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以
定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》
的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
8.【2017·天津卷】 Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-
round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语
regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三
个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据 occurred可知，这里指过
去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
2.【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D【解析】题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在
这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现
在完成进行时，故选D。
3.【2016·北京】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生
在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，
故用完成时，故选B。
4.【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with
success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回
报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被
动语态，故选D。
5.【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are beingmade D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且
efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正
确。
6.【2016·江苏】Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it
upwith the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以
使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D项正确。
7.【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的 David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作
发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
8.【2016·浙江】Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是
by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
学习评价：
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