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专题 19 语法填空之有提示词解题技巧
语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过
谓语动词
1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
高频 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、
派生词
考点 形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高
类 级。
低频 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物
考点 主代词、反身代词等。
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动
解题
词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定
攻略
时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while
While running regularly can't make you 引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中
live forever, the review says it ____ 含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作
典例1
(be) more effective at lengthening life says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，
than walking, cycling or swimming. 应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，
应填is。分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中
Diets have changed in China — and so too 缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可
典例2 has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ 知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知
__ (grow) more corn than rice. 应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填
has grown。
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds
government ____ (start) a soiltesting
that between 2005 — when the
program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，
government ____ (start) a soiltesting
典例3 先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句
program that gives specific fertilizer
中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between
recommendations to farmers — and 2011,
2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此
解题 时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常
攻略 用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚
未发生的动作。
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to
You don't have to run fast or for long __ run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可
__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, 知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中
典例4
smoke, be overweight and still reduce 已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动
your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，
应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
Another reason for corn's rise: The
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格
government encourages farmers to grow
典例5 处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定
corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water
式to improve，作目的状语。
quality.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动
China's approach to protecting its
词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可
environment while ___ (feed) its citizens
知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状
典例6 “offers useful lessons for agriculture and
语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语
food policymakers worldwide，” says
China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词
the bank's Juergen Voegele.
feeding。
But my connection with pandas goes back 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词
典例7 to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓
when I was the first Western TV reporter 语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，____(permit) to film a special unit caring 故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语
for pandas rescued from starvation in the permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故
wild. 填permitted。
3．考查派生词
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动
解题 词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词
攻略 应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副
词。
This switch has decreased __66__
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动
(pollute) in the country's major lakes and
典例8 词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词
reservoirs and made drinking water safer
pollution。
for people.
This development was only possible with
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接
典例9 the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered
名词，故填introduction。
engines and lifts.
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词
攻略 等。
Two of the authors of the review also
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___
made a study published in 2014 that
(cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介
典例10 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填
running reduced the risk of heart disease
其复数形式causes。
and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语
surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) 动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形
典例11
your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and 式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短
get good running shoes. 语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
The Central London Railway was one of 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可
典例12 the most ____ (success) of these new 知，空处表达最高级意义。故填
lines, and was opened in 1900. successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转
攻略 换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查
典例13 evidence in a medical journal, runners live
比较级形式，故填longer。
three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状
典例14 the change: An important part of its corn 语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填
is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为
攻略 复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
When the gorillas and I frightened each
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人
典例15 other, I was just glad to find ___ (they)
称代词的宾格形式，即them。
alive.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰
典例16 monthold twin that had been rejected by
mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
__68__ (it) mother.
练
考点 透
【真题再现】
（2022年全国乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on
November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman
Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a
main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 （large）tea-producing country,
China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for
people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural
exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.
68 （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of publicpromotional activities on social media, 69 （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to
have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 （it）
first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【模拟过关】
TEXT 01（2022·上海市进才中学高三阶段练习）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He ____1____ (hike) the park numerous times.
But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
____2____ the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack
and 10% battery ____3____(remain) on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-
hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot ____4____ he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm
lost,”he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock
face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. ____5____ (dress) only in shorts,
and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two
mountain lions, he spent the night ____6____ high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo ____7____ (work) at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an
image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for
Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone ____8____ recognize the location.
“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify ____9____
movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo
was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the
south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.” That finding led him to an area that looked like
the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The
locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found. Compean’s story probably would have ended
differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and _____10_____ sharp eye for detail.TEXT 02（2022·广西桂林·二模）
A 90-second animated (动画) video of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ____11____ features
characters from traditional Chinese New Year paintings ____12____ ( recent ) became so popular on the Internet.
Netizens were fascinated by the video’s ____13____ ( amaze ) combination of winter sports and traditional
Chinese characters, highlighting ____14____ ( they ) own unique characteristics and placing them alongside a
wide range of sporting venues and cultural elements, including New Year paintings, Peking Opera, and ink-and-
wash paintings.
The video starts with a girl and a panda going to Beijing ____15____ ( watch ) the Winter Olympic Games
together. All of ____16____ sudden, the bamboo in the panda’s hands is turned into a bobsleigh (雪橇) carrying
the girl while the panda speeds ahead. Snowflakes are created like magic, awakening (唤醒) characters often
____17____ ( see ) in Chinese New Year paintings, such as Qin Qiong and Yuchi Gong, two gods of the door,
competing ____18____ alpine (高山) skiing, and Mu Guiying and Yang Zongbao, a couple as well as generals of
the Song Dynasty (960-1279), engaging in pair skating.
Hangzhou AU Culture and Technology Co. created the work. It is an animation company and ____19____
( win ) the National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress in 2017.
“ We hope to add more _____20_____ ( happy ) to the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn about
traditional Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, director of the video.
TEXT 03（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）
Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games,
____21____speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed
railway,____22____(locate) in North China, is now____23____construction, and is expected to be completed by
2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project
is____24____(probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed to dig the tunnels
will not have a negative effect on the structure. The railway line has a____25____(long) of 174 km as a double-
track passage line, with ten stations along its route. Enjoying____26____total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the
train will travel as fast as 300 km/h,____27____the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes.
According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch____28____(line)—one is to Yanqing
Station, the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies. The full
railway,____29____(include) a 70-kilometer section through Beijing,_____30_____(complete) in four and a halfyears.
TEXT 04（2022·河南新乡·二模）
The first creature ____31____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good
dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space ____32____(explore) when scientists wondered____33____it was
lethal (致命的) for living things.
Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ____34____ (attract) over the horizon to find food
or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ability to explore reached new
heights. Airplanes shortened distances, simplified travel and showed us Earth from ____35____ new aspect. By
the middle of the last century, we aimed even____36____ (high).
Our first steps into space began. Laika ____37____(follow) into orbit four years later by the first human,Yuri
Alekseyevich Gagarin. Space travel is nothing like in the movies. Getting from A to B requires complex
calculations____38____ (involve) inertia (惯性) and gravity. Space is also dangerous. More than 20 astronauts
have died while doing their jobs.
That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off. NASA’s Apollo program had
ended____39____private companies are readying their own space programs. A company______40______(name)
SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring
your dog.
TEXT 05（2022·河南·鹤壁高中高三阶段练习）
I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ___41___ (celebrate), but
nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit ___42___ (complete).
The sound of the drums, ___43___ you can feel throughout your entire body, is quite inspiring. The two
performers are very flexible. But it is actually very difficult as the lion head is very heavy and being the ___44___
(low)part of the lion is tiring as he has to bend his back and also carry ___45___ person in front sometimes. The
lion head is made with paper over a bamboo frame, ___46___ (cover)in gauze (纱布), and decorated with
beautifully-colored materials.
The lion dance ___47___ (believe)to have first appeared in the Qianlong Emperor's dream during his
Southern tour, and he ordered an animal ___48___ (make)in the likeness of his description and used in festivals
from then on.
I love all about the lion dance. The other day, I saw a film about a left-behind teenager who insisted on
pursuing his dreams despite difficulties and ___49___ (succeed)in lion dance. As Master Xu translates: “Heavenhas made us talents; we’re not made ___50___ vain.”
TEXT 06（2022·四川宜宾·二模）
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments (玉制品), the medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games were
announced ____31____ (official) on Oct. 26, 2021, 100 days ahead of the opening of the sporting event. After
months of expectation and secrecy, the organizing committee of the Beijing 2022 Games introduced the medals —
named tong xin, ____32____ means togetherness — during a ceremony ____33____ (mark) the countdown to the
opening of the event on February 4th.
The medals shave carvings of the Olympic rings ____34____ one side and are carved with the words “XXIV
Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022”. The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity
____35____ harmony, while echoing the Olympic values of solidarity, inclusiveness and promoting peace. The
other side of the medals has the Beijing 2022 emblem (徽章) at the center.
Engravings (版画) of cloud patterns, an element ____36____ (use) on the torch of the 2008 Beijing Summer
Olympics, snowflakes and ice markings fill the outer rings. The outer rings ____37____ (decorate) with 24 stars
strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics. Visually, it looks quite simple and
plain at first glance, while ____38____ (detail) such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the
uneven casting on the surface have made it special.
Designers’ ____39____ (inspire) from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique status－the
first city _____40_____ (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
TEXT 07（2022·河南濮阳·一模）
A grand bridge over the Yangtze River serving cars and trains began operations on Wednesday in Nantong,
Jiangsu province, and is expected to ____41____ (great) promote the integration (整合) and the economy of one
of China’s most developed regions-the Yangtze River Delta.
It took six years and four months____42____ (build) the bridge between Nantong and Zhangjiagang. Many
new technologies ____43____(use) then, including cables (电缆) with the highest tensile (拉力的) strength in the
world and ____44____ advanced anti-collision system.
“The anti-collision system can warn the river traffic authority within 3 kilometers if a ship appears likely to
strike the bridge.” an engineer said. Each of the bridge’s 432 cables can hold up to 1, 000 metric tons, roughly the
____45____ (weigh) of more than 600 cars.
As the second dual-use bridge in Jiangsu, ____46____ (follow) the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the newly
opened structure will help to ease traffic jam, ____47____ currently occurs on two neighboring Yangtze Riverbridges in Nantong and Wuxi cities. Travel time between Nantong and Wuxi by highway will be cut in half to 40
minutes.
The upper half of the bridge, a highway of six lanes, ____48____ (have) a speed limit of 100 kilometers per
hour. The ____49____ (low) half of the bridge has four lanes for trains. With what is designed to be 200 km/h, the
new railway lane will cut travel time between Nantong and Shanghai from 3. 5 hours ____50____ just over an
hour.
TEXT 08（2022·陕西商洛·一模）
With a world reputation of beautiful silk producing nation, Chinese clothing enjoys a time-honored culture.
China was the first country in the world ____51____ (develop) silk weaving (编织). According to archaeologists,
Chinese people ____52____ (start) weaving since Neolithic ages. 3,000 years ago, silk weaving was already
significantly developed.
In ancient China, people’s rank and social status could easily be figured out from their daily dressing,
especially for the ordinary people and the upper class. Among the upper class, only the Emperor ____53____
(assign) the colour yellow. As for the ministers, generals and their ____54____ (wife), their uniforms were also
restrictively regulated.
Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to ____55____ (variety) occasions. We have traditional
Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam (旗袍) and many other suits ____56____ (create) by ethnic minorities (少数民族).
Each type of the clothes has a unique way of making and sewing.
Cheongsam is popular because it has simple lines and looks elegant, ____57____ it fits Chinese females’
figures well. It is suitable ____58____ both young and elderly group. And it can either belong or short. Cheongsam
is recognized around the world, ____59____ has inspired many foreign adaptations. It is ____60____ (popular)
worn in China as the wedding dress, traditionally in red.
