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必修三 Unit 4 Space Exploration
Part 1 单元语法讲义-- 动词不定式作定语和状语
Part 2 读后续写素材--如何续出原语言风格
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
Part 1 单元语法讲义-- 动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式的基本概念
1）不定式的各种形式
种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义
一 般
to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后 to be done 被动、将来
式
进 行 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正
不定式 式 在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
to have been done 被动、
完 成
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 发生在谓语动词的动作之
式
前
2）非谓语动词的句法功能：
功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
形式
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √
V-ed √ √ √ √
二、动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同
位关系。
(1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些假期读的书。
(2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right,
attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有用英语读和写的能力吗？
(3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。
She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。
(4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。
—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
—No, thanks.
——先生，你有东西要打印吗？
——没有，谢谢。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多活要干。
名师点津：
若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。
I have no pen to write with.
我没有写字用的钢笔。
He had no money and no place to live in.
他没钱，也没地方住。
三、动词不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语
不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词
不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind.
要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。
2. 作结果状语
a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定
式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。
She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.
这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
3. 作原因状语
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind,surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。
They were surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.
得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。
4. 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面
作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑
上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须
是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难懂。
The picture is pleasant to look at.
这张画很好看。
5. 作独立成分
下列结构常用作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是；
to put it in a nutshell简而言之
Part 2 读后续写素材--如何续出原语言风格
读后续写的实质是根据所提供的原文内容，写出主旨一致、逻辑顺畅、语言风格一致的故事结尾。因此，
续写时除了考虑故事的主题思想，特别关注逻辑之外，我们也要高度关注续写部分和原文的语言风格，确
保我们写出的结尾在语言风格上和原文保持一致。
然而在平时的续写练习中，很多同学忽略了这一点。具体表现为：
1.用词太过复杂或偏僻有些同学为了增加所谓的“高级词汇”，就刻意使用一些超纲的词汇。而很多情况
下，这些同学只是大致了解这个词汇的汉语解释就去使用。岂不知，汉语解释很难和英语单词语义完全一
致。我们如果要使用一个英语单词，一定要对其使用的语境有较为深刻的理解。如果我们只是对其汉语的
词义有肤浅的了解就把它当作“高级词汇”来使用，往往会出现语义和语法上的问题。所以，老师的建议
是，在写作中我们尽量使用课本中学过的单词。
如果要使用超纲词，要记住以下几个原则：
（1）注意不可过多使用课本外的词汇。
（2）使用的课本外的词汇必须是自己对其使用语境非常清楚的单词，不要只凭借对单词词义的一知半解
就使用“高级词汇”。
（3）超纲词一定要在语境很明确的情况下再使用。2.“高级句式”太过集中我们有些同学为了追求续写的“高级”，刻意地追求所谓的“高级句式”。本来用
很简单的句子就可以表达清楚，却刻意使用复杂的句式，让句子结构累赘，反而影响了句意的表达。老师
的建议是：
（1）不可太过刻意追求“高级句式”的使用，要用在比较合适的语境中。
（2）“高级句式”的使用不要太过集中，要注意使用的位置，注意文章段落结构的平衡和协调。文章的
句子要长短结合。复合句和简单句交替使用。
3.不注意原文句子和用词的风格，随心所欲这样的续写和原文语言风格偏离，没有和原文协调一致。
那么，我们如何才能写出和原文语言风格一致的文章呢？
1.精读原文，理解文章要表达的主旨和思想文字是为思想服务的，表达特定的思想需要相对应的有情感特
色的文字。如果作者要褒扬特定的人或事，那么他就会用积极的文字。如果是贬低一个人或一件事，那么
他就会用消极的文字。理解文章的主旨，对我们在续写中使用合适的语言有很大的指导意义。
2.细品原文，分析原文的用词风格要想对续写的文字有准确的把握，就要对原文的文字有非常准确的理解。
要想准确理解原文文字的特点，就要在文章主旨的指导下，对原文的文字进行仔细的分析。
对原文文字特点的分析包括：
（1）对原文人物的动作和心理描写的分析。
（2）对原文对话的话语特点的分析。
（3）对原文场景的描写的分析。
3.有机地组织自己的语言，保持和原文风格的一致通过对原文主旨的理解和对语言的准确分析之后，我们
就会对原文的语言特点有比较准确的把握，然后就可以使用和原文特点一致的文字来进行续写。
【案例导引】Five years ago， I had a job at the other end of the city， and I usually commuted（上下班往
返） to work by bus. Those long tiring hours of travelling were always annoying. But one day， it was healing.It
was an evening， and I got on the bus that would take me home. I chose a seat by the window， which could
prevent me from being bothered by others. It was nearly 6：00 pm， but the bus was not yet full and the driver
gave no indication that he intended to get the bus on the road soon.Minutes later， a middle-aged woman took a
seat beside me. It seemed that she was crying all the way. Seeing her heartbreaking situation， I asked her whether
I could help her. She thanked me and shook her head. Then she tearfully narrated her story.She had come to the city
to visit her daughter. On the way， a thief had snatched one of her bags， which had contained half of the money
shed brought with her. The other half was rolled in a handkerchief and hidden under her blouse， so she
fortunately still had some money left.The bus conductor， the driver， and other passengers listened to her
story， but no one said anything. After a while， she stopped crying， removed some cheese bread from herbag， and began to eat， worry still knitting her brow.An old man in ragged clothes got on the bus. He sat in the
seat just in front of the woman.When all the seats were taken， the driver got behind the wheel and started the
engine. The bus conductor began to collect tickets and asked us where we were getting off. When he came to the
old man， the poor man lowered his head nervously. Seeing this， the conductor asked the man to show his ticket
in a loud voice. The old man admitted in a low voice that he did not buy a ticket. He explained that he had spent all
his money this morning when he’d accidentally got on the wrong bus and now he was trying to go home.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：Hearing this， the bus conductor ordered the old man to get off the bus.
Paragraph 2：The woman seated behind the old man was also observing the incident.
主题语境：人与社会语篇类型：记叙文原文大意：作者在公交车上，看到一个非常伤心的中年妇女上了
车。原来她来看她女儿，但是在路上一半的钱被偷了。后来又上来一位老人，他之前用身上所有的钱买了
车票，却发现自己坐错了车，这导致他现在已经没钱买票了。主题思想：赞美丢钱的中年妇女的善良，批
判司机和售票员的无情和冷酷，教育我们要善良，应帮助他人。
角色 用词风格 动作 心理
the author long tiring;annoying;healing — 烦恼的;得到慰藉 the woman heartbreaking; worry still knitting her
brow crying; thanked me;tearfully narrated 不幸的;伤心的 the driver and the Conductor — gave no
indication;said nothing; in a loud voice 冷漠的;没有同情心的 the old man — in a low voice; lowered his head
nervously 担心的;
害怕的从原文对各个人物的用词可以看出，对不同的角色，作者的用词都使用了不一样的风格。
文章一开始作者用的是tiring、annoying，但是经过这件事后是healing，那么在续写的故事中，就应该体现
出能使作者healing的情节。
在描述中年妇女的时候，使用了表达不幸的词汇。但是，根据文章的主旨，这位中年妇女尽管不幸，但是
很善良，因此，续写第二段就应该描述她善良的一面。用词风格都要向这个方向靠近。
老人很不幸，那么在续写中对老人的描述也要使用表示不幸的、值得同情的词汇。
而根据文章的主旨，司机和售票员是冷漠和没有同情心的代表，那么在续写的时候用词风格就应该和这个
特点保持一致。
One possible version：
Hearing this， the bus conductor ordered the old man to get off the bus. The old man was almost in tears as he
begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could get home. The bus driver， who had been listeningto his explanation， stood up， approached the old man， and repeated the conductors command to urge the old
man to get off the bus. Apart from the harsh words from the driver and sobs from the old man， the whole bus was
in a terrible silence.The woman seated behind the old man was also observing the incident. When the bus driver and
conductor raised their voices at the old man， she stood up and said， “Don’t be so rude to him！Can’t you see
he’s only trying to get home？” “He doesn’t have any money！” the driver shouted. The woman reached
inside her blouse， took out her remaining money， and handed it to the conductor. “Here is his fare. Please be
kind to an old man.” Later， she also shared her bread with the old man. How much sweeter the journey was with
the woman’s kindness and gracious behavior.
续写文章语言特点分析：
the woman：“Don’t be so rude to him！Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home？”“Here is his fare. Please
be kind to an old man.”Later， she also shared her bread with the old man.
这些话语和描述，充分表达了作者对这位女士的赞扬，和原文保持了高度的一致。
the bus driver and the conductor：
Urge the old man to get off the bus Raised their voices
形象地表现了司机和售票员冷漠无情、毫无同情心的特征。
the old man：The old man was almost in tears as he begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could
get home.Sobs from the old man
续写中使用了tears、begged、sobs等单词来描述老人，表现了老人的不幸和可怜，和原文的语言色彩保持
了一致。
the author：How much sweeter the journey was with the woman’s kindness and gracious behavior.
描述作者心情的单词不多，但是这关键的一句和原文的开头形成了很好的照应。
【模拟导练】
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Up until last week， I would say that it was wise for you to stay away from an unfriendly person. But now I take
back that.I was going to a sports and nature camp， and almost everything about it was fantastic：the activities，
the food， the teachers， and almost all of the kids. The reason why I say “almost” is because there was a girl，
Elizabeth， who was always frustrated and seemed determined to ruin the fantastic time.When I saw her sitting
alone in the burning sun at lunch one day， I said， “Want to join us under that nice shady tree over
there？”Elizabeth said， “No， really not.”When we needed another person for our volleyball team and a boy
called Jasper invited Elizabeth to play with us， Elizabeth said， “If I wanted to play volleyball， Id already beplaying volleyball.”After a few more unfriendly comments like that， I decided to keep away from Elizabeth. I
mean， if she wanted to have a terrible time， that was one thing. But there were only a few more days of camp
left， and I wanted to make the best of them.Well， you know how just when you decide to do things one way，
life decides to do things the opposite way. It so happened that we were going on a nature hike and our teacher
paired everyone up with a partner. Guess who my partner turned out to be！“I can’t believe how warm it is，” I
said， trying to make small talk as we started out. “Do you like hot days like this？”“I honestly don’t care
about things like the weather，” Elizabeth whispered.I smiled nervously， trying to think of a new topic，
“What do you like to do for fun？”“I like to walk in peace and quiet，” Elizabeth replied.“OK，” I
said.Later， we had the quietest， and most peaceful hike in the history of the universe， until we met a bird. It
seemed that the bird was injured and tried to flee into the grass， but in vain.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：Elizabeth knelt down before the bird.
Paragraph 2：Seeing the scene， Elizabeth sighed in
relief.
参考范文
Elizabeth knelt down before the bird. “Poor little creature，” Elizabeth murmured， her voice sounding gentler
than I’d ever heard. “He must have had his wing or foot injured， just as my grandpa.” “Your grandpa？What
happened to him？” I asked concernedly. “He slipped and broke his feet on the day when the camp started. He’s
still in hospital and suffering great pains.” “No wonder you are so frustrated，” I thought to myself， observing
the birds another attempt. The bird spread his wings and finally took off.Seeing the scene， Elizabeth sighed in
relief. “He made it！” “And I believe your grandpa will be back on his feet soon， too.” I said with a firm
tone. She nodded， smiling at me for the first time. From then on， Elizabeth began to join me in my various
topics. And most of the time， she actually enjoyed most of our activities of the camp as my partner. Only then did
I realize that it might be worth giving someone a second chance. She may be going through a terrible time and just
doesn’t know how to deal with it.
【评价导思】
1. Elizabeth刚开始的情绪特点是什么
2. 原文用了哪些特征性的词和句子来表达Elizabeth的情绪
3. 续写的语言和原文中对Elizabeth的描述的对比
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测一、单句语法填空
1.（江苏省连云港外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)
___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此
处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2.（江苏省南京市第九中学 2023-2024 学年高三质量调研）Apart from the textbooks, other materials like
dictionaries, reference books were often referred to (assist) my studies last year.
【答案】to assist
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：除了课本外，去年我还经常参考字典、参考书等资料来帮助我的学习。
分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填to assist。
3.（福建省宁德第一中学 2023-2024学年高三检测试题）He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique
(construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale.
【答案】to instruct
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他运用古代的榫卯技术，按1：81的小比例雕刻了故宫的角楼。非谓语
动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to instruct。
4.（福建省宁德第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三检测试题）He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique
________ (construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale.
【答案】to instruct
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他运用古代的榫卯技术，按1：81的小比例雕刻了故宫的角楼。非谓语
动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to instruct。
5.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题）For instance, knowledge of places where the surface-
ocean microbial ecosystem is changing might be useful for identifying regions of the open ocean (set) up
marine protected areas.
【答案】 to set
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，了解海洋表面微生物生态系统正在发生变化的地方，可能有助于
确定开放海洋的区域，以建立海洋保护区。分析句子结构可知。本句已有谓语动词might be，所以set用非
谓语形式，此处表目的，应该用不定式形式。故填to set。
6.（2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined
them (create) a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside does.【答案】to create
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在10亿美元的预算下，他将它们结合在一起，创造了一件建筑作品，它
可以像里面的艺术收藏一样让游客兴奋不已。结合语意可知，他将它们结合在一起，是为了创造一件建筑
作品，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to create。
7.（河北省新时代 NT教育 2023-2024学年高三试题）Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in
Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures (strengthen) the
protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of
ecological functions.
【答案】to strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：关在青海省省会西宁举行的第二届国家公园论坛上说，中国采取了最严格的
措施来加强对生态系统真实性和完整性的保护，促进生态功能的不断改善。分析句子可知，此空应填不定
式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。
8.（河北省2023-2024学年高三全过程纵向评价试题）Therefore, he completely buried himself in studying the
Chinese language at the famous Peking University, and then continued his undergraduate studies at the Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine (improve) his knowledge.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他在著名的北京大学埋头学习汉语，然后在北京中医药大学继续
他的本科学习，以提高自己的知识。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。
9.（河北省唐山市2023-2024学年高三演练试题）Architects are now looking towards the principles behind
skywells while designing new buildings (save) energy. h
【答案】to save
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式，作目
的状语。故填to save。
10.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三学情调研试题）We must also be brave enough (take) responsibility for
our decision and action.
【答案】to take
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们也必须有足够的勇气为我们的决定和行动负责。当我们变得独立
时，我们才会真正成熟。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to take。
11.（江苏省灌南高级中学2023-2024学年高三试卷）Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money,
infecting your computer with a virus (steal) your personal data, or blocking you from accessing your owndata until a ransom is paid.
【答案】to steal
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：网络犯罪分子欺骗你交出你的钱，用病毒感染你的电脑来窃取你的个人
数据，或者阻止你访问你自己的数据，直到支付赎金。分析句子，句中trick为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓
语动词，此处表示“用病毒去窃取你的个人数据”，表示动作即将发生，使用不定式结构。故填to steal。
12.（江苏省常州市联盟校 2023-2024 学年高三 10 月调研试题）The hearing left Washington with
decisions_____ (make).
【答案】to make
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听证会让华盛顿不得不做出决定。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，
表示“该动作还未发生”，用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
13.（湖南省岳阳第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三开学试题）The village of Dafen was once thought __
(produce) the most oil paintings in the world every year.
【答案】to produce
【解析】考查不定式。句意：大芬村曾被认为是世界上每年生产油画最多的村庄。分析句子可知，此处是
固定搭配be thought to do sth.意为“被认为做某事”。故填to produce。
14.（湖南省部分学校 2023-2024 学年高三入学摸底试题）The system, overseen by China’s Minister of
Emergency, is set (complete) in 2020.
【答案】to be completed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统由中国紧急事务部长监管，计划于 2020年完工。根据短语be set
to do sth.“安排做某事，计划做某事”可知，此处应用不定式，逻辑主语system和动词complete之间为被动
关系，故填入不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。
15.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试） When she spotted such abandoned goods, she put
a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding
others_____ ( pick) them up from the streets.
【答案】
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然
后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某
人做某事”。故填to pick。
16.（广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题）What you have to remember is (put) the glass
down.【答案】to put
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你必须记住的是放下杯子。结合句意分析句子结构可知，表示具体的动
作使用不定式作表语，故填to put。
17.（湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三试题）He also explains how (understand)
the economy of war and limit the cost of conflict.
【答案】to understand
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他还解释了如何理解战争的经济和限制冲突的成本。“疑问词+动词不
定式”结构作explain的宾语，空处需填动词不定式to understand。故填to understand。
18.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题） That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by
75%, and she plans （continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really
positive change."
【答案】to continue
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划
做”，故填to continue。
19.（2024届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测）Today, TCM is primarily used as an alternative for people
___________ (maintain) a healthy state in the US.
【答案】to maintain
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在美国，中医主要被用作人们保持健康状态的另一种选择。由空
前alternative名词可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语，为惯用表达an alternative to do“做……的一种
选择”。故填to maintain。
20.（湘豫名校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）As he played his guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named
Zhong Ziqi heard the music and understood exactly what Yu wanted (express).
【答案】to express
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：当他在山上弹奏古琴时，一位名叫钟子期的樵夫听到了音乐，并完全理
解了他想表达的意思。want to do意为“想要做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用 to do不定式作宾语。
故填to express。
21.（辽宁省重点高中2023-2024学年高三10月试题） It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents
________(volunteer) in rural areas.
【答案】to volunteer【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市居民到农村做志愿者确实是一个日益增长的趋势。考查非谓语动词
担当主语，用动词不定式形式，构成句型：it + be + for +sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的。故填to
volunteer。
22.（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）The govermment, however, does not intend __ (stop) the
protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
【答案】to stop
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，政府并不打算停止保护计划，因为对藏羚羊的威胁还没有消失。
根据谓语动词“intend”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；动词短语intend to do sth表示“打算做某事”，符合
句意，故应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to stop。
23.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）For Jonathan Walker, who attends high school in
Panama City, the next challenge will be choosing which school (attend).
【答案】to attend
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：对于在巴拿马城上高中的乔纳森·沃克来说，下一个挑战将是选择上哪所
学校。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式，构成“疑问词+to do”结构，作动词choosing的宾语。故
填to attend。
24.（江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高三统考试题）A small human statue is attached to the creature’s head and
appears (ride) or controlling the animal.
【答案】to be riding
【解析】考查不定式的进行式。句意：一个小的人类雕像被固定在动物的头上，看起来骑着或控制着动
物。根据设空前的appears可知，此处考查固定搭配appear to do sth.；再结合设空后的并列词or及后面的
controlling可知，设空处要用不定式的进行式。故填to be riding。
25.（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）Shyness makes it difficult (meet) new people and
make friends.
【答案】to meet
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：害羞使你很难结识新朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定结构make it +
adj.+ to do sth.结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to meet。
26.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）As Buddhism was popular in China during the Tang
Dynasty (618-907), there was a strong need (produce) a large amount of Buddhist works, and copying by
hand could not meet the rising demand.
【答案】to produce【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于唐代（618-907）佛教在中国很流行，因此需要生产大量的佛教作
品，手工复制无法满足日益增长的需求。句中need是名词，表示“需要，需求”，后接动词不定式形式作
后置定语，符合题意。故填to produce。
27.（江苏省常州市八校2023年高三10月联合调研）Zhai, the commander of the mission, was the first ___
(come) out of the capsule, waving his hand to the cheering crowd on site with a big smile.
【答案】to come
【解析】考查不定式。句意：翟志刚，这次任务的指挥官，是第一个走出太空舱的人，他微笑着向现场欢
呼的人群挥手。当被修饰词前面有序数词时，要用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to come。
28.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）Still, it has “boundless ambition, and the courage___
(place) weighty issues at the heart of a kids’ film”.
【答案】to place
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管如此，它仍有“无限的野心，以及将重大问题置于儿童电影核心的
勇气”。place用不定式形式作名词courage的后置定语。故填to place。
29.（湖南省部分校2023-2024学年高三试题）As long as you choose the right person (marry), you
will enjoy happiness the whole life with or without a wedding party.
【答案】to marry
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：只要你选对了结婚的人，不管有没有婚礼，你都会享受一生的幸福。the
right+名词结构中，后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to marry。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短
文。
Spreading Joy
This past Christmas season began for me as usual on the day after Thanksgiving, Black Friday. My mom,
sister, and I had gotten up early to go shopping. As we were driving out of a store parking lot, we caught sight of a
dreadfully thin woman sitting on a walker. She was clearly homeless, with bird feathers stuck into her gray hair,
and a dirty yellow raincoat.
That homeless woman got us thinking about what Christmas would be like for some one who has no place to
call home. With no family to turn to and certainly no presents to open on Christmas morning, these people have
nothing to look forward to but the cold and lonely place where they choose to camp. Even though we live in sunny
California, the temperature can still fall below freezing on winter nights. Where would this woman sleep when the
sun went down?Sadly, homeless people are a common sight in our town. On our way home, we passed countless people
pushing shopping carts overflowing with their belongings and people standing in the center dividers of roads
holding cardboard signs with “Just Hungry” written on them.
The next day, my mom had a great idea. While we were out Christmas shopping, we purchased some blue
tins (罐) of sugar cookies and a few boxes of candy canes. When we got home, I helped my mom carefully ti e each
tin with a red ribbon and tape a candy cane on top. Next, we wrote “Call 211 for Help” on notes and taped them to
the bottoms of the tins. “Not only will we be spreading Christmas cheer, but now the homeless people will have a
number to call and get the help they need,” my mom explained as we worked.
We put all the tins in the car and, whenever we went for a drive, we searched the streets for individuals down
on their luck. Usually, the streets are crowded with people carrying sleeping bags, but somehow when you are
looking for something, it always seems to disappear.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Eventually, we found a young man sleeping in the Lowe’s parking lot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
The day before Christmas, we drove around the streets again with our final tin.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Eventually, we found a young man sleeping in the Lowe’s parking lot. He was lying on the ground with
only a thin car-pet. My mom quickly got out of the car and placed a tin beside him. Hopefully, when he woke, he
found the tin and used a phone to call the helpline. Then we continued to hand out the tins to spread a bit of holiday
spirit to those who clearly had none.The day before Christmas, we drove around the streets again with our final tin. We saw the same woman we
met before in a street corner. She was still wearing the dirty yellow raincoat and the bird feathers still got stuck into
her gray hair. My mom and I walked up to her with the last tin. She gratefully took the tin and whispered, “Thank
you, ma’am” as my mom handed her the cookies. My mom and I were glad that we were able to possibly send a ray
of hope to people. After all, the joy of giving is what the spirit of Christmas is all about.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和妈妈，姐姐在圣诞节前夕去商店购物，看到一个瘦的可怕
的无家可归的女人，这让她们思考，对于一个无家可归的人来说，圣诞节会是什么样子，并且在回家的路
上又看到了很多无家可归的人。第二天，作者的妈妈想到了一个好主意，在她们购物的时候，买了一些灌
装饼干和棒棒糖，并在每根棒棒糖上绑上纸条，写上“拨打211求助”，然后去街上寻找无家可归的人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“最后，我们发现一个年轻人睡在劳氏的停车场里。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们
终于找到一位无家可归的人并帮助了他。
②由第二段首句内容“圣诞节的前一天，我们又带着最后一罐饼干在街上转了一圈。”可知，第二段可描
写作者他们在街角看到了她们以前见过的那个女人并帮助了她。
2.续写线索：在停车厂找到一个无家可归的人——放了一罐饼干——圣诞前一天又去街上——看到以前见
过的那个女人——帮助她——作者和家人都很高兴——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.放置：place/lay up
②.打电话：call/ring up
③.穿，戴：wear/put on/dress oneself
情绪类
①.感谢：showing one’s appreciation/show one’s gratitude/ gratefully
②.高兴：glad /happy/with pleasure
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Hopefully, when he woke, he found the tin and used a phone to call the helpline.（由连接
词when引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] Then we continued to hand out the tins to spread a bit of holiday spirit to those who clearly had none.
（由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. My mom and I were glad that we were able to possibly send a ray of hope to people.（that连接的宾
语从句作be glad的宾语）
