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必修 1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
Part 2 读后续写素材积累-六招高分开头技巧
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
Part 1 单元语法讲义--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于
which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
3. who, whom, whose
（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为
正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放
在句末。）
There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China.
这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
1. As
a：as作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中。
the same...as , as, such....as , so....asThey could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
b：such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导
定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
(从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。)
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
Part 2 读后续写素材积累--六招高分开头技巧
第一招：副词开头
Carefully, he stepped over all the broken glass.他小心翼翼地踩过了所有的碎玻璃。
Joyfully ，he skipped up the street.他很高兴地跳过了街道。
Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. 立刻，一片黑暗笼罩着森林。
第二招：形容词短语开头
Curious to know what was inside, he tiptoed into the dark cave.他好奇地想知道里面是什么，踮着脚尖走进了黑
暗的洞穴。
Unable to say a word, he was rooted to the spot.一句话也说不出来，他就楞在了原地。
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前。
Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. 我害怕我会伤害
这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我的马。文章给的提示句是：We had no idea where we were and it got dark.我们不知道自己在哪里，天变黑了。
Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 我又累又饿，想知道我们能不能找到回去的
路。
第三招： 非谓语开头
Looking around him cautiously, he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.他小心翼翼地环顾四周，溜
进了房间，轻轻地关上门。
Feeling disappointed, Jane had to stay alone for another night. 简感到失望，不得不再呆一夜。
Feeling refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.她感到神清气爽，继续沿着小溪散
步，寻找出去的路。
第四招：对话或独白开头
：“Let’s see who gets there first!” Rachel shouted, as she pedaled fast and zoomed past Jenny.“让我们看看谁先
到那里去！”瑞秋一边叫着，一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去。
"Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac. “上车！” 保罗对麦克喊道。
第五招：背景描写
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way（我们开车穿过了几个州，沿途看到
了很多好风景。）
I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains, sunny beaches and deep valleys, holding me
entirely in their fascination.
我望着车窗外，蜿蜒的河流，高耸的山脉，阳光明媚的海滩和深邃的山谷，完全吸引了我的注意力。
第六招：行为描写
Furry started wagging his tail and running around in circles when he saw his master taking a leash out from the
drawer. Furry was all ready for his evening walk.
当他看到他的主人从抽屉里拿出一条皮带时，Furry开始摇，绕着圈跑。Furry准备好了晚上的散步。
Dad exchanged a glance with me. Why not camp to satisfy Mom? 爸爸和我相互看了一眼。 为什么不露营来
满足妈妈？
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、定语从句
1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make
them the most money.
【答案】that/which。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings
of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世
纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担
当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
3.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an
email urging it to cut back.
【答案】which或that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它
减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，
关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
4.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day,
trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】 that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联
系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定
语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
5.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication
of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行
词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在 Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保
护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
7.（2020新高考卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of
the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心
藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词
which/that引导。故填which/that。
8.（2019 全国 II 卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,
___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作
opened一词的宾语，故用which。
9.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable
for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具
有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
10.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】 that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的
少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics后为定语从句且在从
句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
11.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at
the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省
的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cao Shengkang，指人，
在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
12.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color
looked just perfect.【答案】whose。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看
起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词
whose引导。故填whose。
13.（2020全国III 卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s
reputation had made him proud.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词
artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
14.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【答案】 whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary
resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s
”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。
15.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
【答案】where。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的
环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先
行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
16．(2022天津3月卷) Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share
what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
【答案】D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什
么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中
作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。
17.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills
and teach the visitors.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾
表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。
18.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器
和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中
作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
19. （ 2020 江 苏 卷 ） If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that
___________everyone.
【答案】suits
【解析】考查定语从句动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人 解决
方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是 a solution，从句谓
语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we
can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习
避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定
语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用
from which引导定语从句。
21.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free.
【答案】hich
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限
定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
二、读后续写
（2024·山西·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短
文。
As an educator, I have discovered that the life lessons that students bring with them to school are the ones
that I truly need to learn.
One story that describes this awesome responsibility starts with a second year college student. Every day, hewould come into my math class, sit in the very back and avoid eye contact. When I would ask the class questions, I
could hear a deep voice coming from his direction saying the correct answer every single time. I immediately began
to investigate and found that he had high standardized test scores but his report card in school did not match his
performances. I knew something had to change.
Through our school mentoring (辅导制) program, I asked him if he would like to be a part of a support team
that was specifically designed to help him graduate on time with his classmates. This program required me to visit
all of his classroom teachers, help him complete every assignment, provide him with materials to finish projects,
and constantly remind him that success could be achieved if he stayed on this path. In his senior, he was able to
make the Honor Roll (光荣榜).
This student had been living with his great-grandfather instead of living with his mother and six siblings (姊
妹). The concept of family had not been demonstrated in his life. However, at school, this program provided him
with a team that focused on his academic needs as well as celebrated his successes. The idea of family, where he
was cared for and was seen as important, was able to become a reality.
Unfortunately, during his senior year, his great-grandfather passed away, which terribly influenced his newly
positive view of life. But because of the bond that was established over the past two years through the program, I
was able to keep him focused on what he could control to achieve his goal. He showed determination and
perseverance, and he became a senior with his original class and had the opportunity to graduate with his friends.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sadly, when graduation day approached, he refused to attend the ceremony.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I can still remember his smile face as he walked across that stage to receive his diploma.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Sadly, when graduation day approached, he refused to attend the ceremony. He told me gloomily that he
would not attend the graduation ceremony because no family member would be there to see him walk across the
stage to receive his diploma. I told him that he was wrong, because on that day, I would be there as well as his six
other teachers who had the unbelievable opportunity to see him transform into a student of self-worth, diligence,
and potential.
I can still remember his smile face as he walked across that stage to receive his diploma. I still think to
myself, what if that moment had never happened? What if his answers were not heard? What if the lessons he was
trying to teach me were not learned? I have learned that lessons are not always meant to be for students. As a
teacher, I look forward eagerly every year to the lessons my students bring to the classroom, because I know these
lives are ready to be changed.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一名教育工作者发现他的班级里有一名成绩和课堂表现不相
符的学生。通过学校的辅导计划，作者逐渐了解到这位学生的家庭背景和成长环境。在作者的关注和辅导
下，他表现出决心和毅力，并和原来的班级一起成为高年级学生，也有机会和他的朋友一起毕业。但是，
当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼。在作者的鼓励下，他微笑着走上台去拿毕业证书。作者感悟到学
生带到学校的生活课程是作者真正需要学习的。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“可悲的是，当毕业日临近时，他拒绝参加毕业典礼。”可知，第一段可描写作者了
解到这位学生拒绝参加毕业典礼的原因，并鼓励他成为有价值有潜力的人。
②由第二段首句内容“我仍然记得他走上台去拿毕业证书时笑容。”可知，第二段可描写作者成功的劝说
这位学生参加毕业典礼以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：观察到一位成绩和表现不符的学生——帮助——了解生活背景——鼓励参加毕业典礼——感
悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①参加：attend / participate in
②改变：transform / change/turn
③目的是，为了：be meant to / be designed to
情绪类①沮丧地：gloomily / pessimistically
②热切地：eagerly / earnestly
【点睛】【高分句型1】I told him that he was wrong, because on that day, I would be there as well as his six
other teachers who had the unbelievable opportunity to see him transform into a student of self-worth, diligence,
and potential. (使用了that引导的宾语从句，because引导的原因状语从句从句以及who引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】I have learned that lessons are not always meant to be for students. (使用了that引导的宾语从句)
