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必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024,
Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.
A ceremony outside a stadium
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in
a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be
held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremony on the river
Taking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation
(代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up
close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.
A ceremony with free admission for many spectators
Holding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major
first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will
need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical
atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.
A ceremony designed for and by athletes
By opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on
stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games
created for and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held?
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center along the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.2．What do we know about the admission fee?
A．No admission fee is required.
B．Access to the lower quays is free.
C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.
D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.
3．What is the main idea of this text?
A．The history of the Olympics. B．The procedure of Paris 2024.
C．The novel points of a ceremony. D．The charging rules of a ceremony.
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a
common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses
all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our
home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the
hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the
roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the
heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared.
Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some
people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as
the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the
same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were
safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the
beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the
truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
4．What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.
D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.
5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind?
A．To protect something outside. B．To see the condition of the roof.
C．To avoid the danger in the house. D．To know how serious the rain was.
6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?
A．Why the author feared the storm. B．How the storm influenced the house.
C．How people helped each other in the storm. D．What the author was ready to save from the storm.
7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?
A．The house contained many valuable things. B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.
C．The house could be easy to repair. D．The house survived the hurricane.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large,
unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and
all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge
walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth
of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys ( 浮标) in 158 locations around the world,
researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single
risk assessment,” said lead author Dion Häfner. Häfner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to
rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the
causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This
means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So Häfner’s team applied another form of machine
learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the
researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves inour data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue
wave, Häfner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies
can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative
course.
8．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison. D．By making an assumption.
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2?
A．Monitor huge sea creatures. B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods?
A．They aren’t visually available. B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions. D．They don’t process data systematically.
11．How does Häfner find the system?
A．It requires more field tests. B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement. D．It has a promising future.
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the
Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线)
lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements
in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.
Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with
a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about
200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened.
The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to
advance earthquake prediction technologies.
Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not
yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was
an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform
earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing
how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has
built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using
machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic
activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.
12．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example.
13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting?
A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods.
C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What do we know from the third paragraph?
A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful.
C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on
earthquakes.
15．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes. 16
We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what
to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.
17 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your
hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive
process. Should you eat after that hot run? No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat.
That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.
Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system. Your skin and related tissues are incredibly designed to
move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool. Any damage to your skin or the underlyingtissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself. To protect your skin, start with sunscreen. 18
.
Wear materials that will help your body breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that
allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.
Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you. 20 Besides, keep
drinking while you’re working out.
A．Don’t eat right before you head out.
B．Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise.
C．The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool.
D．But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous.
E．Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies?
F．And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 21
had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 22 and destroyed. His
neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 23 to offer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel
24 and don't know what to do now.
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 25 ,”
he said. Whitaker looked at him 26 . “How can it be?” he asked. Thomas smiled 27 , “Now you
have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 28
crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 29 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push
him to make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He
clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ”
And so Whitaker 32 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from
neighboring towns were 33 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 34 theircrops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 35 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in
every storm, there is a chance for new growth.
21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm
22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust
23．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in
24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless
25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element
26．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride
27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully
28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural
29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon
30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious
31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised
32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received
33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed
34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe
35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure of the Datengxia water resources management facility in Southwest China has been
completed four months ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Saturday.
The project, 37 is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation 38 (unit), each
with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate more than 6 billion
kilowatt hours of electricity.
In cooperation with other reservoirs (水库), the project can help Wuzhou, a city with 40 population of
over 2.8 million in Guangxi, deal with once-in-a-hundred-year floods. Previously, the city was only able to hold
floods that occur once every 50 years. The project also enables some cities in the Pearl River Delta 41
(resist) floods that happen once every two centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will also provide strong support for rural development, offering
irrigation (灌溉) water to 80,000 hectares of farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shortage for almost
1.4 million people in Guangxi.The project has already played 43 (significance) roles in the past three years when it was put into trial
operation. For example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 store about 700 million cubic meters of
floodwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a flood. In the peak, it reduced water flow by 3,500 cubic
meters per second.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Focus on Fire
Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
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第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短
文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a
thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included
exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed,
they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation
on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The
siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book
about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and theirstories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could
make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind
filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in
agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting
events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a
symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education
into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had
become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
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One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
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