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必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·青海西宁·三模）It’s Community Day again!
The event that Map le Estate residents are eagerly looking forward to is just around the corner! As usual, the
Map le Residents’ Committee has planned a programme that is designed to promote community spirit. Maple Estate
has been celebrating Community Day every month for more than a year. By now, we hope all our residents
understand the importance of forming strong bonds with our neighbours. If you have just moved to our lovely
estate and have not had the opportunity to know your neighbours, you can do so by joining at Community Day!
August Highlight: Map le Estate Chefs
Call all residents who are keen to practice your cooking skills and let your neighbours sample your cooking!
You will be the stars of the upcoming event! Visit www.maplerc.sg for more information and to register for this
activity. Kitchen equipment and basic ingredients will be provided.
You will receive a $50 shopping voucher that you can use to purchase other ingredients from MapleMart the
day before the event. Remember to register before 21 July, 2024! We are sure everyone will enjoy the delicious
dishes!
Time: From 10 a.m.to 6 p.m,6 Aug.,2024
Place: Maple Community Club
Entry: Flash your Maple Resident Card
“My wife and I moved to Maple Estate when we got married. For a few months, we spent all our free time
after work doing up our house. Even though we knew that our neighbours were friendly and would sometimes
invite us for their gatherings, we were occupied with getting things ready. However, it wasn’t long before we grew
curious about the Community Day celebrations. After we started attending them regularly, we met many
neighbours. The first time we invited some of them over, we played games that helped us to get to know one
another better!”
—Mr. Wang, a Maple Estate resident since 2022
1．What do the Community Day events aim to do?
A．To teach how to cook meals. B．To develop community spirit.
C．To meet diverse needs of neighbours. D．To make the community cleaner.
2．What do you have to do if you want to take part in the Maple Estate Chefs?
A．To sign up before 21 July , 2024. B．To provide basic ingredients.C．To use your own kitchen equipment. D．To pay a registration fee of $50.
3．Mr. and Mrs. Wang didn’t socialize with their neighbours much at first because ______.
A．they spent all their time at work
B．they weren’t invited for the gatherings
C．they were busy beautifying their home
D．they lacked information about the community
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍Community Day的活动详情。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As usual, the Maple Residents’ Committee has planned a programme that is
designed to promote community spirit.(一如既往，枫叶社区委员会策划了一个旨在弘扬社区精神的活动。)”
可知，活动目的是为了培养社区精神。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章方框内“Remember to register before 21 July, 2024.(请记得在2024年7月21日之
前注册报名。)”可知，如果你想参加枫叶庄园厨师大赛，你必须在2024年7月21日之前报名。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For a few months, we spent all our free time after work doing up our house.
(几个月来，我们把下班后的所有空闲时间都用来装修房子。)”可知，王先生和王先生太太起初不怎么和他
们的邻居交往，因为他们那时在忙着装修房子。故选C。
B
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）In 2009, Kevin Pearce was at the height of his professional snowboarding career
and bound for the Winter Olympics. But in an instant, it came to an end. During training, he struck his head on the
edge of a pipe, resulting in a traumatic (创伤的) brain injury. It changed the course of the then-22-year-old’s life.
He had to relearn how to walk and talk and essentially start over. His older brother Adam quit his job and
moved across the country to help him through rehab.
He eventually started doing yoga, and his family saw how it transformed him and gave him a sense of hope:
“It was the first time I remember so clearly coming out of a class with him and just seeing in his face this new
expression, this new person.” Adam Pearce said, “We were like, ‘We need to figure out why and how that just
happened.’”
Wanting to bring hope and healing to others through yoga and meditation (冥想). Adain and Kevin co-
founded the Love YourBrain Foundation in 2014. The nonprofit offers week-long meditations and community-
based yoga classes across the United States for people who are living with long-term brain-related disabilities. “I
think people feel isolated after brain injury because they don’t feel able, and when you don’t feel able, yougenerally retreat back inside.” Adam said, “At these retreats, people are given the space to lean into those deep
challenges and express them and talk about them.”
Ultimately, the organization aims to create a safe space and supportive community where people with brain-
related disabilities can heal together. “Connection happens quickly because there’s such a shared common
understanding among the group.” Adam said. “Once someone sees someone be vulnerable, it instantly allows the
next person (to be). By the end, people start to see vulnerability as a superpower.”
4．What prevented Kevin from career development?
A．A severe brain cancer. B．A new training routine.
C．A devastating accident. D．A snowboarding test..
5．Why did Kevin start doing yoga?
A．To pick up snowboarding. B．To regain respect.
C．To recover from brain injury. D．To learn how to meditate.
6．Which of the following best describes the Love YourBrain Foundation?
A．Costly. B．Ambitious. C．Diverse. D．Healing.
7．What section of the website might the text be found?
A．Nature and universe. B．Social innovations.
C．Technological discoveries. D．The magical world.
【答案】4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了突发意外重伤的Kevin在瑜伽的帮助下逐渐恢复健康，Kevin和哥
哥创办一个为脑部受伤人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服务的非营利性组织。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“During training, he struck his head on the edge of a pipe, resulting in a traumatic
(创伤的) brain injury.(在训练中，他的头撞到了管子的边缘，导致了创伤性脑损伤)”可知，Kevin在训练中
意外受伤，脑部重创。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“During training, he struck his head on the edge of a pipe, resulting in a traumatic
(创伤的) brain injury.(在训练中，他的头撞到了管子的边缘，导致了创伤性脑损伤)”、第二段“He had to
relearn how to walk and talk and essentially start over.(他必须重新学习走路和说话，从头开始)”以及第三段
“He eventually started doing yoga, and his family saw how it transformed him and gave him a sense of hope: “It
was the first time I remember so clearly coming out of a class with him and just seeing in his face this new
expression, this new person.”(他最终开始练瑜伽，他的家人看到了瑜伽如何改变了他，给了他希望：“这是
我第一次如此清楚地记得和他一起上完课，在他的脸上看到了这种新的表情，这个新的人。”)”可知，为了从脑部损伤中恢复，Kevin开始练习瑜伽，故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the organization aims to create a safe space and supportive
community where people with brain-related disabilities can heal together.(最终，该组织的目标是创造一个安全
的空间和支持性的社区，在这里，与大脑相关的残疾人可以一起治愈)”可知，Love YourBrain Foundation是
有治愈作用的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Wanting to bring hope and healing to others through yoga and meditation(冥想).
Adain and Kevin co-founded the Love YourBrain Foundation in 2014. The nonprofit offers weeklong meditations
and community-based yoga classes across the United States for people who are living with long-term brain-related
disabilities.(希望通过瑜伽和冥想给他人带来希望和治愈。Adain和Kevin在2014年共同创立了“爱你的大
脑”基金会。这家非营利组织在美国各地为长期患有脑相关残疾的人提供为期一周的冥想和社区瑜伽课
程)”以及文章内容可知，本文讲述了两兄弟创办一个为脑部受伤人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服务的非营利性组
织，这属于社会创新范畴。故选B。
C
（2024·广东广州·三模）In Switzerland, an ambitious proposal could see the construction of an expansive
underground network through which self-driving pods (吊舱) would transport goods across the country.
The project, called Cargo Sous Terrain (CST), is intended to reduce the reliance on trucks for moving cargo.
Global demand for freight (货物) transportation is growing, just as much of the world is seeing a shortage of truck
drivers. Meanwhile, higher fuel prices have made road transportation more expensive, while transporting freight by
road accounts for around 6% of global carbon dioxide emissions.
If built, the network would stretch roughly 500 kilometers from Geneva in the west of Switzerland to St.
Gallen in the northeast, and be completed around 2045. The network of tunnels will be 40 to 80 meters below
ground and the autonomous pods will drive along three lanes at around 30 kilometers per hour. And the cargo will
be loaded and unloaded at designated hubs (枢纽) employing lifts to take goods to and from the surface.
The project was approved by the Swiss government in 2021. Although there’s a long way to go before
construction can begin, earlier in 2023 CST began its preliminary work in the field — exploratory drilling along
the Härkingen-Niederbipp route.
The biggest challenge for CST will be the expense. CST estimates that it will cost around 30 billion Swiss
Francs ($34 billion) for the entire network. The project will be entirely privately funded, with investors including
Credit Suisse, Coop, and Siemens. Although a huge amount of funding still needs to be found, much of the
technology for the automation and operation of the network already exists. Another key challenge is working outhow to transport freight above ground from the tunnels to stores in cities — without adding to road traffic.
Despite all the hurdles, Patrik Aellig, head of communication for CST, remains optimistic. CST is “at the
forefront” of underground freight transport.
8．What mainly led to the project CST?
A．Expensive truck drivers. B．Serious shortage of fuel.
C．Environmental concern. D．Heavy freight transportation.
9．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．To present the way the network will work. B．To provide a blueprint of the network.
C．To prove the efficiency of the network. D．To show the advancement of the network.
10．What does the underlined word “preliminary” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Innovative. B．Significant. C．Preparatory. D．Constructive.
11．What is a great challenge for CST?
A．Absence of fund. B．Lack of technology.
C．Last-mile delivery. D．Transport safety.
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了瑞士要建设一个庞大的地下网络，在全国范围内运输货物。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The project, called Cargo Sous Terrain (CST), is intended to reduce the reliance
on trucks for moving cargo. Global demand for freight (货物) transportation is growing, just as much of the world
is seeing a shortage of truck drivers. Meanwhile, higher fuel prices have made road transportation more expensive,
while transporting freight by road accounts for around 6% of global carbon dioxide emissions.(该项目被称为货运
地面（CST），旨在减少对卡车运输货物的依赖。全球货运需求正在增长，就像世界上许多地方出现卡车
司机短缺一样。与此同时，燃料价格上涨使得公路运输成本更高，而公路货运占全球二氧化碳排放量的
6%左右)”可知，严重的货物运输压力主要导致了CST项目。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“If built, the network would stretch roughly 500 kilometers from Geneva in the
west of Switzerland to St. Gallen in the northeast, and be completed around 2045. The network of tunnels will be
40 to 80 meters below ground and the autonomous pods will drive along three lanes at around 30 kilometers per
hour. And the cargo will be loaded and unloaded at designated hubs (枢纽) employing lifts to take goods to and
from the surface.(如果建成，该网络将从瑞士西部的日内瓦延伸到东北部的圣加仑，全长约500公里，并将
于2045年左右完工。隧道网络将位于地下40至80米，自动驾驶舱将以每小时30公里的速度沿着三条车
道行驶。货物将在指定的集散地装卸，使用升降机将货物运送到地面)”可知，作者在第3段打算提供网络的蓝图。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The project was approved by the Swiss government in 2021. Although
there’s a long way to go before construction can begin”可知，该项目于2021年获得瑞士政府批准，而在施工
开始之前还有很长的路要走，说明2023年初进行的是准备性的工作。故划线词意思是“准备性的”。故选
C。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The biggest challenge for CST will be the expense. CST estimates that it
will cost around 30 billion Swiss Francs ($34 billion) for the entire network. The project will be entirely privately
funded, with investors including Credit Suisse, Coop, and Siemens.(CST面临的最大挑战将是费用。CST估计整
个网络将耗资约300亿瑞士法郎(340亿美元)。该项目将完全由私人投资，投资者包括瑞士信贷、Coop和
西门子。虽然还需要大量的资金，但大部分网络自动化和运营的技术已经存在)”可知，CST面临的最大挑
战是缺乏资金。故选A。
D
（2024·河南信阳·模拟预测）Researchers are training robots to perform an ever-growing number of tasks
through trial-and-error reinforcement (强化) learning, which is often laborious and time-consuming. To help out,
humans are now employing large language model (LLM) AI. A team at NVIDIA Research directed an AI protocol
(协议) powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 to teach a simulation (模拟) of a robotic hand nearly 30 complex tasks,
including throwing a ball, pushing blocks, pressing switches, and some other seriously impressive abilities.
NVIDIA’s new “AI agent” Eureka uses GPT-4 by asking the large language model to write its own reward-
based reinforcement learning software code. According to the company, Eureka doesn’t need complicated
reminders or even pre-written patterns; instead, it simply begins experimenting with a program, and then follows
any external human feedback.
In the company’s announcement, Linxi “Jim” Fan, a senior research scientist at NVIDIA, described Eureka
as a unique combination of LLMs and simulation programming. “We believe that Eureka will enable robots to
control items flexibly and provide a new way to produce physically realistic animations for artists,” Fan added.
After testing its training protocol within an advanced simulation program, Eureka then analyzes its collected data
and directs the LLM to further improve upon its design. The result is a protocol capable of successfully numbering
a variety of robotic hand designs to operate scissors, turn pens and open cupboards within a physics-accurate
simulated environment.
Eureka’s alternatives to human-written trial-and-error learning programs aren’t just effective—in most cases,
they’re actually better than those authored by humans. In the team’s open-source research paper findings, Eureka-designed reward programs outperformed humans’ code in over 80 percent of the tasks—amounting to an average
performance improvement of over 50 percent in the robotic simulations.
“Reinforcement learning has contributed to impressive wins over the last decade, yet many challenges still
exist, such as reward design, which remains a trial-and-error process,” said Anima Anandkumar, an AI researcher.
“Eureka is the first step toward developing new algorithms (算法) that integrate generative and reinforcement
learning methods to solve hard tasks.”
12．Why is AI used for the training?
A．To simplify robots’ tasks. B．To advertise OpenAI’s GPT-4.
C．To speed up the training process. D．To recognize artists’ role in art creation.
13．What does Eureka need to do in the training?
A．Design reward programs. B．Copy pre-written patterns.
C．Get complicated reminders. D．Avoid human intervention.
14．How does Anima Anandkumar find Eureka?
A．It is still poor at the reward design. B．It should learn from hard tasks.
C．It has few challenges to solve. D．It is of pioneering significance.
15．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Trial-and-error learning programs are promising.
B．Robots can finish complex tasks through learning.
C．Reinforcement learning improves robotic simulations.
D．AI can better teach a simulated robotic hand to perform tasks.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了NVIDIA研究团队使用OpenAI的GPT-4大型语言模型来训练一
个名为Eureka的AI代理，该代理能够自主编写基于奖励的强化学习软件代码，并成功指导模拟的机器人
手执行近30项复杂任务。文章详细描述了Eureka的工作原理、优势以及在模拟环境中的测试结果，并通
过实验数据展示了Eureka编写的奖励程序在大部分任务上超越了人类编写的代码。
12．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Researchers are training robots to perform an ever-growing number of tasks
through trial-and-error reinforcement learning, which is often laborious and time-consuming. To help out, humans
are now employing large language model (LLM) AI. (研究人员正在训练机器人通过试错强化学习来完成越来
越多的任务，而这种学习通常既费力又耗时。为了提供帮助，人类现在正在使用大型语言模型（LLM）人
工智能。)”可知，使用AI进行训练是为了加快训练过程。故选C。13．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“NVIDIA’s new “AI agent” Eureka uses GPT-4 by asking the large language
model to write its own reward-based reinforcement learning software code. (NVIDIA的新“人工智能代
理”Eureka使用GPT-4，要求大型语言模型编写自己的基于奖励的强化学习软件代码。)”可知，Eureka在
训练中需要设计奖励程序。故选A。
14．推理判断题。由文章最后一段““Reinforcement learning has contributed to impressive wins over the last
decade, yet many challenges still exist, such as reward design, which remains a trial-and-error process,” said Anima
Anandkumar, an AI researcher. “Eureka is the first step toward developing new algorithms (算法) that integrate
generative and reinforcement learning methods to solve hard tasks.” (人工智能研究员Anima Anandkumar表示：
“在过去十年中，强化学习取得了令人印象深刻的胜利，但仍然存在许多挑战，比如奖励设计，这仍然是
一个反复试验的过程。”“Eureka是开发新算法的第一步，它将生成和强化学习方法整合在一起，以解决
困难的任务。”)”可知，Anima Anandkumar认为Eureka具有开创性意义。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A team at NVIDIA Research directed an AI protocol (协议)
powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 to teach a simulation (模拟) of a robotic hand nearly 30 complex tasks, including
throwing a ball, pushing blocks, pressing switches, and some other seriously impressive abilities. (NVIDIA
Research的一个团队指导了一项由OpenAI的GPT-4驱动的人工智能协议，以教授模拟机械手近30个复杂
任务，包括扔球、推积木、按开关和其他一些令人印象深刻的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述AI能够更好地
教会模拟机械手执行任务。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）It’s normal for teenagers to feel nervous, but if nervousness prevents you from
speaking up in class or making friends, you may have a common condition known as social anxiety disorder. To
overcome it, you need to take some measures.
Practice deep breathing to ease anxiety. If anxiety hits before a presentation or right before the bell rings to
change, take a few deep breaths to calm down. 16
Try to make eye contact and smile at people. Making casual conversation with other kids at school may seem
too difficult. 17 Briefly making eye contact and flashing a smile helps you seem cool, so they may come
up and talk to you.
Channel your anxiety into a creative activity. 18 These activities not only bring about positive self-
worth, but they’ll also temporarily take you away from worries. What’s more,creative activities also allow you to
release anxiety and turn it into something special, like a song or a painting.19 If you have friends or siblings (兄弟姐妹) your age, consider talking to them about social
anxiety. Share some of your fears and ask them for support. For example, you might ask your sibling if it’s okay to
sit with them at lunch so you’re not eating alone.
Practice exposing yourself to fearsome situations gradually. 20 Make a plan to expose yourself to
these situations, starting with those causing the least anxiety. For example, you might start exposing yourself to
eating in common areas at school.
A．Sign up for a band, drama, or art.
B．Talk to trusted ones and ask for their help.
C．Thus, avoid face-to-face communication at first.
D．You can’t expect to be free of anxiety overnight.
E．You can start by trying to present yourself as approachable.
F．Sit down with a trusted person and list the situations that cause anxiety.
G．This is a handy tool you can always use to get a handle on your anxiety.
【答案】16．G 17．E 18．A 19．B 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何克服社交焦虑提出了一些建议。
16．根据上文“If anxiety hits before a presentation or right before the bell rings to change, take a few deep
breaths to calm down.”（如果焦虑在演讲前或在改变的铃声响起之前袭来，做几次深呼吸以平静下来。）可
知，选项承接上文说明深呼吸的作用。故G选项“这是一个方便的工具，你可以用它来控制你的焦虑。”
切题。故选G项。
17．根据上文“Making casual conversation with other kids at school may seem too difficult.”（在学校里与其他
孩子随意交谈似乎太难了）可知，空格处承接上文说明如何使交谈变得容易。选项E“你可以从试着表现自
己平易近人开始开始”切题。故选E项。
18．根据上文“Channel your anxiety into a creative activity.”（将你的焦虑转化为创造性的活动）和下文
“These activities not only bring about positive self-worth, but they’ll also temporarily take you away from
worries.”（这些活动不仅会带来积极的自我价值，还会暂时让你远离烦恼）可知，选项承上启下具体说明
是哪些活动。故A选项“报名参加乐队、戏剧或艺术活动”切题。故选A项。
19．根据下文“If you have friends or siblings（兄弟姐妹）your age, consider talking to them about social
anxiety.”（如果你有同龄的朋友或兄弟姐妹，可以考虑和他们谈谈社交焦虑。）可知，本段在讲要向信任
的人寻求帮助。故B选项“和你信任的人谈谈，寻求他们的帮助”切题。故选B项。20．根据上文“Practice exposing yourself to fearsome situations gradually.”（逐渐练习让自己暴露在可怕的环
境中）和下文“Make a plan to expose yourself to these situations, starting with those causing the least
anxiety.”（制定一个计划，让自己接触这些情况，从那些引起最少焦虑的情况开始。）可知，选项承上启
下说明具体的做法是什么。故F选项“和一个值得信任的人坐下来，列出导致焦虑的情况。”切题。故选
F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）I was 68 when I first stepped on stage as a standup comedian in 2003. I'd never set
foot in 21 before. I've always been a(n) 22 — I've worked as a singer, actor and musician —
but all that came to an end after 9/11. I live in New York, and we watched the 23 towers fall from my
apartment building. For a year afterwards, nobody wanted to go out or be 24 .
It was then that I started to think about. comedy. I realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves
again, and thought that with a little 25 I could do it. I took a few classes, tried to work out a routine, and
finally 26 the courage to get up on stage. That first time was terrifying. I had no idea what the audience
would 27 of me.
In New York, comedians are 28 young men with beards. It's hard enough to 29 through
as a woman, even harder as someone old enough to be their grandmother. As I stepped on stage that first time,
people laughed nervously. They were clearly 30 to see me. I introduced myself, stated my age and tried
my first joke. There was 31 But by the time I got to the third line, people were properly laughing. I was
32 .
Now my sets differ. I might be on stage for 10 minutes in front of a dozen people, or my one-woman show is
a full hour in front of a crowd of 100.
After a show, people young and old come up to me, saying what a(n) 33 I am, They say they want
to be as active as me when they 34 my age, I'm pleased I can show that as an older person you don't need
to take a 35 seat in life.
21．A．comedy B．tragedy C．drama D．mime
22．A．audience B．performer C．worker D．producer
23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque
24．A．entertained B．seen C．active D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation
26．A．held on B．got together C．took up D．plucked up
27．A．make B．become C．approve D．allow
28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally
29．A．pull B．see C．get D．break
30．A．amused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent
31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．applause
32．A．bored B．addicted C．disinterested D．unexpected
33．A．reminder B．motivation e C．challenge D．inspiration
34．A．reach B．arrive C．approach D．surpass
35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive
【答案】21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．D
30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名喜剧演员，在老年时期重新开始了表演生涯的经历，
尽管面对年龄和性别上的挑战，她通过勇气和决心克服了困难，并赢得了观众的喜爱和尊重。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未涉足过喜剧。A. comedy喜剧；B. tragedy悲剧；C. drama戏剧；
D. mime哑剧表演。由上文“I was 68 when I first stepped on stage as a standup comedian in 2003”中的
comedian可知，作者以前从未涉足过喜剧俱乐部。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直是一名表演者—我曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家—但这一切都在
9/11之后结束了。A. audience观众；B. performer表演者；C. worker工人；D. producer生产商。由下文
“I’ve worked as a singer, actor and musician”可知，作者曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家，一直是一名表演
者。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我住在纽约，我们看着宏伟的塔楼从我的公寓楼倒塌。A. modern现代
的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. grand宏伟的；D. picturesque优美的。由上文“9/11”和常识可知，9/11事件中
恐怖分子劫持客机撞击世贸大厦，宏伟的塔楼被撞倒塌。故选C项。
24．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后的一年里，没有人想出去或娱乐。A. entertained娱乐；
B. seen看见；C. active积极的；D. public公共的。由下文“It was then that I started to think about comedy. I
realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves again, and thought that with a little ____5__ I could do it.”可
知，911恐怖袭击后人们回避外出或娱乐活动。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到人们需要笑，重新享受生活，并认为只要一点训练我就能做到。A. exercise锻炼；B. practice练习；C. training训练；D. meditation冥想。由下文“I took a few classes, tried
to work out a routine (我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路)”可知，作者认为开始喜剧表演只需稍加训练。故
选C项。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路，最后鼓起勇气站上舞台。A. held on继
续；B. got together聚在一起；C. took up占据；D. plucked up鼓起勇气、振作。由下文“the courage to get
up on stage”和“That first time was terrifying. (第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者初涉喜剧，感到害怕，所以要鼓
起勇气站上舞台。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道观众会怎么看我。A. make制作；B. become变成；C. approve批
准；D. allow允许。由上文“finally 6 the courage to get up on stage. That first time was terrifying (最
后鼓起勇气站上舞台。第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者第一次站在喜剧舞台上感到害怕，需要鼓起勇气站上
舞台，该空应表明作者产生此种心理的原因，担忧观众对自己的看法，make of (看待)。故选A项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。A. exclusively唯一地；B.
typically通常；C. rarely很少；D. occasionally偶尔。由下文“It's hard enough to____9____ through as a
woman, even harder as someone old enough to be their grandmother”可知，作者已经上了年纪的老妇人，要成
为喜剧演员是一件非常难以突破的事情，难在喜剧演员通常是“young men with beards”可知，此处指喜剧
演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女人很难突破，对于一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人来说更是
如此。A. pull拉动；B. see看见；C. get得到；D. break打破。由上文“In New York, comedians are 8
young men with beards. (在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是男性，所以作为
一位上了年纪的女性，很难取得突破(break through)。故选D项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们看到我显然很惊讶。A. amused好笑的；B. expected预期的；C.
surprised惊讶的；D. indifferent漠不关心的。由上文“In New York, comedians are 8 young men
with beards. (在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”和“someone old enough to be their grandmother (一
个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是年轻男性，而作者是一位上了年纪的女性，所以
她的登台会让观众感到惊讶。故选C项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一片沉默。A. silence沉默；B. hesitation犹豫；C. disbelief不相信；D.
applause掌声。由下文“But by the time I got to the third line, people were properly laughing. (但当我讲到第三
句话时，人们都笑得合不拢嘴)”中“But”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲说到第三句话时人们都在笑，
说明在此之前大家都保持沉默，构成转折。故选A项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上瘾了。A. bored无聊的；B. addicted上瘾的；C. disinterested客观的；D. unexpected出乎意料的。由上文“But by the time I got to the third line, people were properly laughing. (但当
我讲到第三句话时，人们都笑得合不拢嘴)”以及下文“Now my sets differ. I might be on stage for 10 minutes
in front of a dozen people, or my one-woman show is a full hour in front of a crowd of 100”可知，大家认可作者
讲的笑话，作者从第一次上舞台感到紧张到现在可以在100人面前表演整整一个小时，说明作者有成就感，
所以对表演喜剧上瘾了。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：演出结束后，年轻人和老年人都走到我面前，说我是一个多么鼓舞人心的
人。A. reminder提醒；B. motivation动机；C. challenge挑战；D. inspiration鼓舞人心的人(或事物)。由下文
“They say they want to be as active as me (他们说，他们想和我一样活跃)”可知，作者的行为鼓舞了看表演
的年轻人和老年人，他们才会想要成为和作者一样活跃的人。故选D项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说，当他们达到我的年龄时，他们想和我一样活跃。A. reach到达；
B. arrive到达；C. approach接近；D. surpass超过。由上文语境可知，高龄的作者仍然活跃在舞台上，再结
合上文“They say they want to be as active as me”可知，看表演的年轻人和老年人想到达我的年龄时跟我一
样活跃，及物动词reach后面直接加宾语，arrive为不及物动词。故选A项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我能证明，作为一个老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二线。A.
dominant占主导地位的；B. leading主要的；C. back后面的；D. passive被动的。由上文语境可知，高龄的
作者仍然活跃在舞台上，并未在生活中退居二线，take a back seat (让权于他人、退居次要位置)。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·山东济南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
La rou, or preserved meat, is a winter season specialty in China. They are customarily made during the last
lunar month on the 36 (tradition) Chinese calendar when the temperature is cool 37 not
freezing to dry and preserve these staples. La rou, generally refers to pork products while other cured meat, la wei,
is made across China 38 (depend) on local availability, using goose, duck, rabbit, and even seafood.
The preserved meat 39 (consider) a form of cultural heritage in many places. Similar to bacon, the
Chinese preserved meat is made with large quantities of salt, some of 40 are smoked over with fire
41 (achieve) more flavor. There are many kinds of preserved meat in China with 42 (incredible)
diverse ingredients and recipes, bringing a wide range of flavors from sweet to hot.
Each region has its own seasoning and flavor profile. The Cantonese 43 (vary) is sweet, flavored
with sugar, rice wine, and so y sauce. In Sichuan, it tends to be hotter, seasoned with chili pepper and Sichuan
pepper powder. Both of them are great choices 44 ingredients for dishes like fried rice and vegetable stir-
fry. Cured poultry products are commonly found in South China. They are slaughtered, butchered, and rubbed withalcohol before salting, which 45 (dry) out the meat and prevents bacteria growing on it.
【答案】36．traditional 37．but/yet 38．depending 39．is considered 40．which 41．to
achieve 42．incredibly 43．variation 44．as 45．dries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国冬季特色食品腊肉的制作传统、不同地区的风味差异，以及
其在各地文化中的价值。强调了不同地区根据当地资源制作的腊肉品种和独特食谱，展现了中国饮食文化
的多样性和丰富性。
36．考查形容词。句意：它们通常在中国传统农历的最后一个月制作，那时温度凉爽但不结冰，以便晾干
和保存这些主食。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，tradition的形容词形式是traditional。故填
traditional。
37．考查连词。句意：它们通常在中国传统农历的最后一个月制作，那时温度凉爽但不结冰，以便晾干和
保存这些主食。cool和not freezing是转折关系，用but或者yet连接。故填but或者yet。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：腊肉通常指的是猪肉制品，而腊味则是中国各地根据当地的供应情况制作的，
原料有鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉，甚至海鲜。本句已有谓语动词is made，所以depend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主
语la wei之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填depending。
39．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在许多地方，腊肉被认为是一种文化遗产。consider作本句谓语，和主
语preserved meat之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单
数。故填is considered。
40．考查定语从句。句意：与培根类似，中国的腊肉是用大量的盐制成的，其中一些是用火熏过的，以获
得更多的味道。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese preserved meat，在从句中作宾语，用which
引导。故填which。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：与培根类似，中国的腊肉是用大量的盐制成的，其中一些是用火熏过的，以
获得更多的味道。本句已有谓语动词are smoked，所以achieve用非谓语形式，此处表目的，用不定式作目
的状语。故填to achieve。
42．考查副词。句意：中国的腊肉种类繁多，配料和制作方法也非常多样化，从甜到辣的口味也多种多样。
空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词。故填incredibly。
43．考查名词。句意：广东的版本是甜的，用糖、米酒和酱油调味。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作
主语，vary的名词形式是variation。故填variation。
44．考查介词。句意：它们都是炒饭和炒菜的好选择。此处表达“作为炒饭和炒菜的材料”之意，应用介
词as“作为”符合语境。故填as。
45．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们被宰杀、屠宰，在腌制之前用酒精擦拭，这样可以使肉变干，防止细菌在上面生长。定语从句中and连接两个谓语动词dry和prevent，根据后文的prevents可知，用动
词的三单形式。故填dries。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·广东广州·模拟预测）英国一所友好学校的师生将到你校访问。你将作为学生代表在欢迎晚会上致
辞，并赠送学生们自制的文创礼物。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，包括以下内容：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍礼物。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good evening, dear friends! …
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】示例
(1)
Good evening, dear friends! I feel privileged to extend the warmest welcome to teachers and students from
our partner school in Britain as the student representative. We are delighted to have you here with us, sharing in the
spirit of friendship and cultural exchange.
As a token of our appreciation, we have prepared unique gifts for you, such as Chinese calligraphy
bookmarks, cloth pandas, and paper-cutting artworks, to name just a few. These are handmade cultural products
crafted by our students with much dedication and creativity, not only representing the essence of Chinese culture,
but also embodying our traditions and values. We hope the gifts will serve as a reminder of your wonderful time
here.
Once again, welcome to our school and may your stay be filled with joy, learning, and newfound friendships.
(2)
Good evening, dear friends! Welcome to our school for this enriching cultural exchange. We are thrilled tohave you here as we learn from each other and strengthen our friendship.
As the student representative, I am honored to present the unique handmade cultural gifts by our students,
each blending traditional Chinese symbolism with Western artistic techniques. Allow me to introduce my favorite,
the panda backpack, which features playful shapes and colorful illustrations that appeal to both Chinese and
Western sensibilities. There are still many other interesting gifts for you to explore.
These gifts symbolize our heartfelt hospitality and desire for lasting connections between our schools. May
this exchange deepen our cultural understanding and pave the way for lasting friendships. Once again, a warm
welcome to you all! We hope you enjoy your stay here!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就英国一所友好学校的师生将到学校访问写一篇欢迎辞。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：privileged→honored
高兴的：delighted→glad
礼物：gift→present
充满：be filled with→be full of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As a token of our appreciation, we have prepared unique gifts for you, such as Chinese calligraphy
bookmarks, cloth pandas, and paper-cutting artworks, to name just a few.
拓展句：As a token of our appreciation, we have prepared unique gifts for you, which include Chinese calligraphy
bookmarks, cloth pandas, and paper-cutting artworks, to name just a few.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We are delighted to have you here with us, sharing in the spirit of friendship and cultural
exchange.（运用了非谓语动词作状语）
【高分句型2】These are handmade cultural products crafted by our students with much dedication and creativity,
not only representing the essence of Chinese culture, but also embodying our traditions and values.（运用了非谓
语动词作状语和not only…but also连接的并列结构）
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·广东广州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整
的短文。
An Insignificant Task
The day when the jobs were handed out was one of the most exciting for all the children in the class. It took
place during the first week of the term. On that day, every boy and girl was given a job for which they would beresponsible for the rest of that school year.
As with everything, some jobs were more interesting than others, and the children were eager to be given one
of the best ones. When giving them out, the teacher took into account which pupils had been most responsible
during the previous year, and those children were the ones who most looked forward to this day. Among them, Rita
stood out. She was a kind and quiet girl. During the previous year she had carried out the teacher’s instructions
perfectly. All the children knew Rita was the favourite to be given the best job of all: to look after the class dog.
But this year there was a big surprise. Each child received one of the normal jobs, like preparing the books
for the lessons, telling the time, cleaning the blackboard, or looking after one of the pets. However, Rita’s job was
very different. She was given a little box containing some sand and one ant. Even though the teacher insisted that
this ant was a very special ant, Rita could not help feeling disappointed. Most of her classmates felt sorry for her.
They sympathised with her and remarked at how unfair it was that she had been given that job.
Yet, Rita, who liked her teacher very much, chose to prove her worth through excellence. “I will turn this
little task into something great,” Rita said to herself. What she didn’t know was that the teacher had secretly entered
her into a rainforest insect raising competition.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Rita started investigating all about her little ant.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
On the last day of the school year, the teacher burst into the classroom with excitement.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】示例Rita started investigating all about her little ant. She meticulously researched ants’ behaviors, their habitats,
and their roles in ecosystems. She constructed a miniature ecosystem within the box, carefully imitating the ant’s
natural environment. Rita observed the ant’s movements, carefully documenting its behavior and interactions with
the sand and the environment she provided. She even consulted experts and read scientific journals to ensure she
was providing the best care possible for her tiny companion. As days passed, Rita’s classmates noticed her
dedication and became interested by her project. Rita shared her findings with the class, gradually turning her
seemingly ordinary task into a fascinating learning experience for everyone.
On the last day of the school year, the teacher burst into the classroom with excitement. “I have some
incredible news to share with you all! Rita has won first place in the rainforest insect raising competition!” The
teacher then revealed how she had planned everything in advance. Her secret support for Rita surprised everyone in
the class, making them gasp and cheer with joy. “The judges were truly amazed by Rita’s unwavering commitment
to her ant,” the teacher continued. Her words left a profound impact on the children in the classroom. That day,
every one learned a valuable lesson: dedication and perseverance can lead to excellence, no matter how small the
task may seem. Rita had undoubtedly kept her promise and proved her worth.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了新学期的第一周分派工作，每个孩子都接受了一项正常的工作，
而Rita的工作却是观察蚂蚁，其他人都认为这对于Rita来说不公平，但Rita选择通过优秀来证明自己的价
值，她不知道的是，老师已经秘密地让她参加了一个雨林昆虫饲养比赛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Rita开始调查她的小蚂蚁。”可知，第一段可描写Rita积极学习关于蚂蚁的知识，
她的投入也吸引了其他人的兴趣。
②由第二段首句内容“在学年的最后一天，老师兴奋地冲进教室。”可知，第二段可描写老师宣布Rita获
奖并讲述事情原委，大家都上了宝贵的一课：奉献和坚持可以带来卓越，不管任务看起来有多小。
2.续写线索：观察研究蚂蚁——同学感兴趣———宣布获奖——同学们惊讶、高兴——得到宝贵的一课
3.词汇激活
行为类
①模仿：imitate/copy
②记录：document/record
③继续：continue/go on
情绪类
①使惊讶：surprise/astonish②高兴：joy/happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] As days passed, Rita’s classmates noticed her dedication and became interested by her
project.（由连词as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] That day, every one learned a valuable lesson: dedication and perseverance can lead to excellence, no
matter how small the task may seem.（由no matter how引导让步状语从句）
