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必修二 Unit 4 History and Traditions
Part 1 单元语法讲义--过去分词作定语和宾补
Part 2 读后续写素材--各种“说”的表达
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
Part 1 单元语法讲义--过去分词作定语和宾补
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
[名师点津] ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如 left(剩余的)，
given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying
out.
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放
在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved？ 还有没有未解决的问题？
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were
killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.
上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表
示时间性。
He is a teacher respected by all.他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
The high building built last year is our library.去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 (built表示被动和完
成)
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
意义 语态 时态形式
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
As we all know，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义
语态 时态
形式
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作宾补
能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(3)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
(5)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。
(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
(7)I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语
动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。
2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是
pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。
过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。
1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去
了）第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经
历）
2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。
如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
Part 2 读后续写素材--各种“说”的表达
一、各种“说”
replied 回答道
continued 继续说道
sobbed 抽噎着说
demanded 要求道
asked 问道
commanded 要求道
suggested 建议道
thought 想道
answered 回答道
remarked 说道
agreed 同意道
repeated 重复道
begged 恳求道
pleaded [ˈpli:dɪd] 乞求;恳求
ordered 命令道
announced 宣布
began 开始说道
explained 解释道
chuckled [ˈtʃʌkld] 笑着说
sighed [saɪd] 叹着气说
corrected 纠正道
cautioned [ˈkɔ:ʃnd] 告诫；提醒
sneered [snɪəd] 嘲笑；不屑地说
mimicked [ˈmɪmɪkt] 模仿retorted 生气反问道[rɪˈtɔ:tɪd]
whispered 小声说道
breathed 轻声说
grunted [ˈɡrʌntɪd] 咕哝;嘟哝
mumbled [ˈmʌmbld] 口齿不清地说
groaned [ɡrəʊnd] 不高兴地低声说；咕哝；呻吟
murmured [ˈmɜːməd] 低语;喃喃细语;连续发出低沉的声音;(私下)发怨言，发牢骚
complained 抱怨道
moaned [məʊnd] 抱怨;发牢骚
grumbled [ˈɡrʌmbld] 发牢骚
muttered [ˈmʌtəd] 嘀咕;嘟囔;(私下)抱怨，发牢骚
gabbled [ˈɡæbld] 急促而含混不清地说；哇哩哇啦地说着
gasped [ɡɑ:sp] 气喘吁吁地说
yelled 大喊道
cried 大喊;大叫
called 叫道
shouted 大喊;大叫
screamed 尖叫道
shrieked [ʃri:kt]尖叫
hollered [ˈhɒləd]大叫道
snarled [snɑ:ld] 咆哮;不耐烦地说
snapped [snæpt] 厉声说;怒气冲冲地说;不耐烦地说
bellowed [ˈbeləʊd] 吼道
growled [ɡraʊld] 低声吼叫
二、修饰“说”的副词与短语
sadly 伤心地
bitterly 伤心地
gloomily[ˈɡlu:mili] 忧郁地
sourly[ˈsaʊə(r)li] 不友善地
briskly 轻快地；活泼地
sweetly 欢快地brightly 高高兴兴地说proudly 骄傲地
politely 礼貌地
dreamily 神情恍惚地
quietly 轻声地; 温和地
softly 轻轻地;温和地;柔和地
gently 温柔地;温和地
eagerly 渴望地；热切地
vaguely [ˈveɪɡli] 心不在焉含糊地lightly 漫不经心地；满不在乎地triumphantly [traɪ'ʌmfəntli] 得意洋洋地
slowly 慢慢地sternly [ˈstɜ:nli] 严厉地;严肃地;
hoarsely [ˈhɔ:sli] 嘶哑地说道
meekly [ˈmi:kli] 温顺地;逆来顺受地
thoughtfully 若有所思地
in a kind voice 以亲切的声音
in a weak voice 以微弱的声音
in a loud, firm voice 以响亮、坚定的声音
in a sharp voice 尖细刺耳的声音
in a sweet, musical voice 以她甜美悦耳的嗓音
in a low voice 小声;低声地
in an important voice 以重要的声音
in a husky [ˈhʌski] voice 低沉沙哑地轻声说话
in a comforting voice 以安慰的声音
in his surly [ˈsɜ:li] voice 用粗暴的声音
in a pompous[ˈpɒmpəs] voice 以浮夸地声音
in a big, hearty voice 以饱满的声音
in a whisper 低声地
in disgust 厌恶地
in amazement 吃惊地
in desperation 绝望地
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、单句语法填空
1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Thanks to the animal cells, this new pink rice could one day become acomplete meal by itself, (guarantee) a sufficient, sustainable food supply for the whole world.
2．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The only way (keep) him calm was by singing.
3．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）I learned this while (take) care of a seagull unfortunate enough to
swallow a hook.
4．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years (recycle) in a
landfill, according to Cleveland State University.
5．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）I was incredibly fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and
Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly (long) to explore
further.
6．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习） (engage) myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel
in the “industrial park”, where the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as
it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
7．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The agency director says that they will focus their resources on
(educate) the homeless. “We will probably build another school-home with this money,” he said.
8．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）One agency, based in Woodbridge, is expected (receive) $1. 5
million.
9．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks
(identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
10．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Earthen houses are made of earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily
available materials which are used (form) walls up to 6 feet thick.
11．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）They declared that clothes ( make) of it can be used to transform
the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can drive electronic devices.
12．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）They’re exceptional examples of a building tradition and function
(represent) a particular type of group living and defensive organization in a harmonious relationship with their
environment.
13．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）You have to be very fit and strong (do) “hard” martial arts.
14．（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）You might also find greens like lettuce（生菜） (decorate) the
sandwich
15．（23-24高三上·福建·开学考试）The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains
(conduct).16．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and
(broad) their minds to the outside world.
17．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）For example, there is China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which motivates many
countries along the Silk Road (cooperate) more closely.
18．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see (be)
fluent in a second or third language as an advantage.
19．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference the direct
style, I found that I often failed (get) straight to the point.
20．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Seek (understand) the other person’s emotions, by putting
(you) in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
21．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）While (be) knowledgeable about body language is vital, the
value of emphathy should not be understated.
22．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）A smile shows you are attentive to the issues (discuss) while
looking away with your arms (fold) can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
23．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）For example, if you are a business person (negotiate) with a
large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language a straightforward manner.
24．（23-24高三上·福建·期末）Realizing that I was the only girl who was not invited, I grew increasingly upset
and disappointed for being left .
25．（23-24高三上·福建·期末）The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current
events.
26．（23-24高三上·福建·期末） (occupy) with scientific research, he couldn’t spare time to keep
company with his family.
27．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）Thinking (positive) and confidently, the
(injure) soldier gradually recovered and managed to (strong) his friendship with the doctor.
28．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业） (strength) the connection with young people, the
event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
29．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting
(cheat).
30．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）It’s been an honor (watch) the panda programme develop andto see the pandas settle into their new home.
二．（2024·湖南·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短
文。
We had moved to a new town for my husband’s work. After living here for just a couple of weeks, I was
more than ready to pick up my luggage and move back home. I was lonely for a friend. My boy Samuel was lonely.
My husband, Lonny, adapted just fine, but he was occupied with work most of the time.
I missed our old neighborhood. It had been like a closely knitted community where neighbors chatted over
fences. Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate brownies (巧克力蛋糕) and carrot bread. It had been easy to
find friends there.
Our new community was different. It seemed that family roots grew deep. Deep as the Mississippi River that
flowed past this tiny river town. Breaking in was tough.
“I’m so alone here,” I said to Lonny one evening. Lonny is a good listener, and a problem solver. “What
have you done to meet people?” he asked. “I go to the park every day. I even dropped by a book salon (读书沙龙)
at the library the other day and came across a nice lady with a boy.”
“Sounds not bad,” he said. “Did you talk to her?” The answer was no. It wasn’t that people here were
unkind. I just didn’t feel like initiating conversations, and I preferred minding my own business in a new
environment.
A few more months passed and winter settled in. It was harder than ever to meet people. I began to feel
bitter. I was tired of trying to fit in a place where we didn’t belong.
Lonny noticed my low spirits. “Amy, you look unapproachable, with your arms crossed and everything,” he
whispered in my ear one afternoon. He and I were sitting in the yard. Samuel, our five-year-old was playing
baseball next to us.
“It doesn’t matter. I’m not going to have friends here.” Just then Samuel looked up. He must’ve heard our
whispers. “Mom’s right, Dad. We’ll never ever have friends here. And we just want to go back to our old home.” I
sat there and looked at my tiny innocent son. His words mirrored my attitude. And I didn’t like the disturbing
reflection.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That’s when I knew that I needed an adjustment.____________________________________________________________________________________________
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One afternoon, Samuel and I ran into the lady with her boy again at the library.
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