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专题 09 非谓语动词（解析版）
知识点梳理
Part 1：
1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法；
2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法；
3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法；
4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法；
5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
知识点1 基本用法
to do 主动、将来
to be done 被动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、
不定式 to be doing 主动、进行
定语、同位语、状语和补语
to have done 主动、完成
to have been done 被动、完成
过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
doing 主动、进行
being done 被动、进行 作主语、宾语、表语、
动词-ing 定语、状语(不作目的状语)
having done 主动、完成 和补语
having been done 被动、完成
知识点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不
可能，无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what willhappen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
To keep healthy is important.
＝It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible,
right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人
的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste
of...中使用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体
概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
I was wondering how to get there.
My problem is when to change the plan.
知识点3 非谓语动词作宾语
hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
只接不定式作宾语的动词
pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escap
e,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,ca
n’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride
in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote
oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动
作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
意义相同
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被
动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
两者都可以
stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
意义不同
remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)
go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try doing(试着去做)
mean to do(打算做,企图做)
mean doing(意思是,意味着)
知识点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状
况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month.
My favourite sport is playing volleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)
His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing football. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，
动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage,
disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise,
astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
The pictures on the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures on the wall.
知识点5 非谓语动词作状语
目的、原 My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)
不定式 因、条
件、结果 I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)
时间、原 He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结
因、结 果)
果、条
动词-ing形式 件、让 Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)
步、行为
Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)
方式、伴
随状况 They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a
teacher.(时间)
时间、原
因、条 Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)
件、方
过去分词
式、伴 Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming
随、结 the difficulties.(让步)
果、让步
The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the
head.(结果)
知识点6 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)
The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)
The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)
The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)
The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to
come.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I
have a lot of work to do today.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)
There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)
There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...
知识点7 非谓语动词作补足语
wish,want,ask,require/
request,order,warn,allow/
permit,forbid,expect,remind,enc
ourage,inspire,call on,depend
on(接带to的不定式作宾语补
足语)
We depend on you to help us out of
trouble.
see,hear,watch,feel,notice,l
ook at 等感官动词(词组)和 I made him do his work.
let,make,have等使役动词后面,
主 谓 关 系 ( 表 主 →He was made to do his work (by
不定式作宾语补足语时要省略
动)。强调动作即 me).
to。这样的动词可归纳为:
将发生或已经完成
They saw the boy fall suddenly off
五 看 :watch,see,look
the tree.
at,observe,notice;
→The boy was seen to fall suddenly
三让:let,make,have;
off the tree.
二听:hear,listen to;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动
语态的句子中时,to要还原
动词 主谓关系(表
主动)。强调动作 I found her listening to the radio
-ing
正在进行,尚未完 when I passed by.
形式 notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,h 成
ave,feel
动宾关系(表
过去 We found the village greatly
被动)。动作已经
分词 changed.
完成,多强调状态
Part 2：高考真题精选
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公
园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在
分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有
的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，
做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a
first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”
徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，
应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
4（2022 全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________
(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定
徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold
应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被
动。故填held。
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to
hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒
步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与
主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
6（2022 全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a
number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals
from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意
可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填 To strengthen。第
二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来
自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the
event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
7.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-
floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out
his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了 100米，
跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使
用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正
在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他
把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的 climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。
根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。
故填to see。
9.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应
该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
10.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
11.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time
for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
12.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空
处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填
visiting。
13.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a
low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to
do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有
小的影响。故填to have。
14.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs
than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山
区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知 study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the
countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。15.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知
live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系,
故答案为living。
16.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
China's National Highway 318, over 5, 000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is
known as the "heavenly road" for its amazing views.
A. to extend B. extended C. extending D. being extended
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因
为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为”天堂之路“。分析句子成分结构可知，is known as是整个句子
的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。又因为 extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间
为主动关系，所以用extending。故选：C。
17.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4
66 ． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特
肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
18．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested
reading through our notes.
A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构
可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。
19. （2020·新课标I卷短文改错）My mom told me how to preparing it【答案】 preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”
作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
20. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63 ． (come) back to life and best wishes
for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为
represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作
后置定语。故填coming。
21. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate)
with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。
句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故填decorated。
22. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68 ． (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 +
to do”结构。故填to care。
23. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 ． (find) the well-
known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句
意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
24. （2020·新课标 III 卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds 69 ． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。
分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops 是独立主格结构做状语，
surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填
surrounding。
25.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations
(模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 ． (walk)through a
rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个
不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，
imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
26. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology
60 ． (change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单
句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to
change。
27. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right
time and，in dry areas， 63 ． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，
利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make
use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填
making。
28. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these
products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
29．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest
skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed B．Being completed
C．Completed D．Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了
全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动
词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的
被动式。故选C。
30．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice
environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子
成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语 doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性
关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
