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第 3 讲 根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上
来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，
有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄
清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判
断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语
境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。
A．(2020·浙江7月·片段)
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard
boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave
me.When my mother saw my creations，she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I
learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and
useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful，and I soon had friends who wanted to make things
with me.
A．I wasn’t alone any longer.
B．I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C．I was invited to play with another kid.
D．I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E．Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F．Thus，I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G．My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
34．答案 F
解析 空格前提到妈妈看到作者创作的东西说作者的设计很有创意，空格后提到作者延长了物体的生命，把它们变成一些新的、有用的东西。由此可知，空格处与上文构成因果关系，
F项“因此，我开始了我毕生对制作东西的兴趣”符合语境。
B．(2019·全国Ⅱ·片段)
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be a pilot
but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your
goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
A．This can affect your work.
B．So how should you motivate yourself?
C．However，this should not discourage you.
D．So why should we try to set specific goals?
E．They can change according to circumstances.
F．Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G．Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
40．答案 C
解析 空前一句说你可能想当飞行员，但因为视力不够好，你的目标不能实现。再结合空后
一句中的“reassess your goals...set a fresh goal”可知中间要填的这句话与前面是转折关系，
故C项“然而，这不应该让你气馁”符合语境。
A
(2022·山东济宁一模)
When Ken was in high school ， he did well and had a strong sense of
accomplishment.However，when he was in college，his grades were not so outstanding among
academically gifted students much like himself，if not better.Often he feels depressed and is
withdrawing from people and activities. 1
The literature generally has found that many of us tend to let our self-worth be contingent
upon external events(such as academics and physical attractiveness)． 2 As a result，our
feelings about ourselves can end up being in the hands of others.
Obviously，we all want to experience things that make us feel good.But when we have
contingent self-worth，we might engage in activities that make us feel worthy while avoiding
activities that make us feel unworthy. 3 Instead of working hard to meet our goals，we’ll try
to avoid failure.And if we do fail one day，we might abandon our goals，lose motivation，or
make excuses to help ourselves feel better.
4 If our self-worth is contingent upon being successful at work，we might only choose
jobs that are easy.That way we never fail and ensure that we always know that we are worthy.Or，
maybe we only think we’re worthy if we weigh less than 130 pounds.We might undereat orengage in unhealthy eating practices just to make sure that we feel good.
Self-worth is an important psychological construct that not only affects how we think about
ourselves but also has an impact on our psychological health and functioning.So，give up the idea
of seeking approval from others. 5 Doing so reminds us to be fully aware of who we are.
A．That may pose potential dangers.
B．Unfortunately，he is no exception.
C．When our self-worth depends on those，it’s unstable.
D．Let’s cite some examples to further demonstrate that.
E．Let’s dive into the cause to learn more about self-worth.
F．Actually，he’s always been labeled as “other people’s child”．
G．Instead，learn to base your self-worth on internal contingencies like virtues and faiths.
1．答案 B
解析 根据本空前三句和本空后一句可知，上文提到了Ken因为不突出感到沮丧，后文则
说许多人倾向于让我们的自我价值取决于外部事件，可见Ken的情况并不是例外，是普遍
存在的。故B项符合语境。
2．答案 C
解析 根据本空前一句和后一句可知，本句承接上文说明让我们的自我价值取决于外部事件
的后果或影响，C项中those指代上文中external events。故C项符合语境。
3．答案 A
解析 本空前两句和本空后两句提到我们会参加让我们感到有价值的活动，而避免让我们感
到不值得的活动，故本句承接上文说明这一倾向的结果：会带来潜在的危险，本句和上文构
成因果关系。故A项符合语境。
4．答案 D
解析 根据本空后四句可知，后文主要通过一些例子来论证上文提到的“人们会参加让自己
感到有价值的活动，而避免让自己感到不值得的活动”，本空和后文构成例证关系，故D
项符合语境。
5．答案 G
解析 根据本空前两句可知，上文的建议是重视自我价值感，放弃寻求他人认可的想法，即
本句与上文构成转折，指出“反之，把你的自我价值建立在内在事件上”，G项中的
internal contingencies呼应第二段中的external events，故G项符合语境。
B
(2022·广东梅州二模)
What’s Really Green?Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take
steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently，some “green truths” have
been shown to be only half true，or even completely false. 1
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food.It
takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper.Because of this，
people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up
to three times the amount of water. 2 In fact ， both kinds of bags are bad for the
environment.So，take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
3
It seems like common sense：eating local food should be better for the environment，because
it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. 4 It is the
production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the
greenhouse gases.In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more
greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
5 If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower，you’ll use as much water as in a
bath—about 50 litres of water.Therefore，the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.But it’s worth checking common ideas and
opinions to see what’s really green.
A．So say no to plastic bags.
B．Here are some common ones.
C．Unfortunately，it is not that simple.
D．Eating local food is good for the environment.
E．The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
F．It’s time that we took measures to protect our environment.
G．It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕什么是真正的绿色环保这个话题展开，讲述了一
些常见的环保误区，揭示了这些常识下真正的环保意义所在。
1．答案 B
解析 分析语境可知，设空句起到引起下文的作用。后文黑色小标题提到的是一些环保常识
误区，因此B项总结了下文内容，且“some common ones”与后文提及的例子相呼应，符
合语境。
2．答案 E解析 本空前一句提及制作纸质购物袋的过程消耗能源大，是纸质购物袋的不环保之处，因
此可推知，设空句应继续讲述其不环保之处。E项提到了另一个不环保之处：产生更多温室
气体，“The process”与前文提及的过程相呼应，“also”与前文形成并列关系，符合语境。
3．答案 D
解析 设空句为该部分标题，后文对其起到解释说明的作用，因此根据本空后一句可推知，
该部分的错误常识为“吃当地食物是环保的”。D项符合语境。
4．答案 C
解析 分析语境可知，本空前一句提到了吃当地的食物对环境更好是因为不需要长途运输和
冷藏，而本空后一句提到了破坏环境的关键在于食品的生产而不是运输，因此设空句应是一
个转折句，以起到承前启后的作用。C项符合语境。
5．答案 G
解析 本空后一句讲到淋浴时间超过八分钟所用的水与泡澡一样多，用举例的方式讲述了淋
浴环保的关键在于时间问题。而设空句作为该段首句，应是论点句。G项符合语境，主语
“It”指代该部分标题“It’s better to take a shower than a bath”，后文是对G项的进一步
解释说明。
强化练(十八) 阅读七选五(3)
A
What causes depression？According to the Mayo Clinic，some of the “causes” may be
due to troubled relationships.Others may be depressed as a result of threats of bullying or
cyberbullying. 1 Even worse，physical and mental abuse or natural and human-caused
disasters can impact one’s mental state.
2 Other symptoms are difficulty concentrating，feeling overwhelming stress，missing
school，desire to be alone，etc.If you match a lot of the feelings above，then you may be
depressed and should seek help.
3 Regular sleep，exercise，and healthy eating are some simple ways to lift the fog of
depression.Try to say good things to yourself and others. 4 You can write something
encouraging or positive on post-it notes and hang them up in a private place.You can also say
things like，“Make someone smile & do the extra mile ！” or “Have an attitude of
gratitude！”
Take a break from life with a bike ride，a walk in the park，a hike in nature.You can do
whatever makes you happy：write a journal about your feelings，listen to uplifting music or play
video games.Finally，try not to wait until the last minute on projects. 5
Even though you might not want to talk about it，make yourself talk to a trusted friend，counselor or family member，etc.You’ll be surprised to know that there are many other people
out there who are depressed.
A．You’d better consult your doctor.
B．Some people may ignore their feelings.
C．What can you do to deal with depression?
D．Because it will contribute to more stress.
E．Try to stay positive，and think of your blessings in life.
F．Long-term stress from school or work can also cause depression.
G．Some of the symptoms could be not eating，sleeping，or exercising enough.
1．答案 F
解析 根据本空前三句和后一句可知，上文列举了一些导致抑郁的原因，后文则描述了更严
重的情况，可知本句仍在说明导致抑郁的原因，故F项符合语境。
2．答案 G
解析 根据本空后两句可知，本句是在描述抑郁的一些症状，G项中Some of the symptoms
与后文Other symptoms构成并列结构。故G项符合语境。
3．答案 C
解析 根据本空后两句可知，后文提到了改善抑郁的方法，故C项符合语境。
4．答案 E
解析 根据本空前一句和后两句可知，此处提到了写下积极的话，即保持乐观，故 E项符
合语境。
5．答案 D
解析 根据本空前三句可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明不要拖延的原因：会造
成更多的压力。故D项符合语境。
B
(2022·浙江宁波二模)
With the pandemic in full swing，most colleges and universities have transitioned almost all
of their classes online.Some students prefer online classes.They love having the flexibility to work
from home and to work in the hours they want to work. 1 They find working from home
difficult and they learn better from in-person instruction.A number of students fall in
between.Whichever you prefer，you can always find ways to do better.Read on for some tips for
acting online classes.
Read the syllabus(教学大纲)．
When you need to know something，do not blindly go through your online education portal
clicking tabs or go ahead and email your professor.Wait until you have looked through the syllabus
for your answers.The syllabus is supposed to be your guide for the entire semester.2 It should tell you basically everything that you need to know for the class.Anytime you
have a question about your schedule，check the syllabus.
Note the deadlines.
In an online class，it is incredibly easy to let deadlines creep up on you or even pass you by
before you even know it.So make sure that you note the deadlines.However you need to do that or
find doing that to be most effective ，do it.Find writing things down in your planner most
effective？Do it.Making reminders on your phone？Do it.Filling it out in your online calendar？
Do it. 3
Ask questions.
While strategy number one told you that you should not immediately email your professor
with a question，that was in regards to asking questions that could be answered by the syllabus. 4
Professors do not actively want their students to fail，so if they can reasonably help you out，they
will.
5 But knowing that and preparing for it is half the battle.Using these tips and strategies
will help you navigate the world of online learning and keep your GPA and morale(士气) up even
when the rest of the events of the world might be bringing you down.
A．Online classes can be tough.
B．It is fun to attend online classes.
C．They think they can save much time and energy.
D．Other students really struggle with online classes.
E．It tells you what you are doing，when，why，and how.
F．You do not want to fail a class because you never turned anything in.
G．However，you shouldn’t be afraid to message your professor with thoughtful questions.
1．答案 D
解析 根据前文“Some students prefer online classes.”可知，本段陈述学生对于网课的不同
态度，D项中的“Other students”与前文“Some students”对应，并与前文构成对比关系。
2．答案 E
解析 本空上一句指出“syllabus(教学大纲)”的指导作用，E项中的It指代syllabus，承接
上文，继续说明它的作用。
3．答案 F
解析 根据前文“However you need to do that or find doing that to be most effective，do it.”可
知，当确定某种方法是有成效的时候，应该当即去做，F项中“never turned anything in”与
前文中的“do it”表述意思相反，但都旨在说明应该记得在截止日期前完成课程的作业。
4．答案 G
解析 本空上一句指出如果能通过教学大纲解决的问题就不必向教授提出，G项与前文形成转折，指出可以提出有意义的问题，呼应段落标题“Ask questions(提问题)”。
5．答案 A
解析 根据本空后一句中的But可知，设空处与后文是转折关系，且最后一段作为总结段，
应该紧扣“网课”主题，A项在句意上符合与后文的转折关系，也呼应了主题。
C
(2022·广东广州一模)
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as
planned，but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem，using whatever
resources you have at the time. 1 They can also be anything else that’s useful，such as
information，advice or your own experience.It also means trusting your instincts，the ability
you’re born with，rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face
challenges.A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes
wrong.They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
2 When we learn to solve problem for ourselves rather than immediately going to others
for help，it can help to build our confidence，help us feel more independent，and feel better
about making decisions.Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems ， but thinking
creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared
next time. 3 This can boost self-esteem，that is，how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge，try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel
about it.Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are.Next，think up as many
solutions to the problem as you can. 4 Finally，review what has and hasn’t worked，so
you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember，if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve，then ask a trusted
adult for help. 5
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机
应变。
1．答案 C解析 上一句提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下一句提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”，可
知设空处需要首先列举出一些资源。C项与下文的“also”相互呼应。故选C。
2．答案 E
解析 设空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。由空后内容可知，本段主要说的是“being
resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处，符合语境。故
选E。
3．答案 A
解析 该段说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，所以空处应继续说明其好处，A项符
合语境，空后的This指的是A项中的“learn what you’re good at”。故选A。
4．答案 G
解析 该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句讲的是
“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G项(挨个衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个)符合此处
语境，承上启下。故选G。
5．答案 D
解析 上一句表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D项承接上文，进一步解释了
这一点。故填D。
D
Throwing a party is a great way to get all your favorite people in one place for music，
conversation，of course，food. 1 ， when you are the one planning the party.Not to worry;
your planning will be a breeze if you plan ahead of time and take the process course by course，
from appetizers(开胃菜) to desserts.
Ask your guests about food restrictions before you start preparing food.For guests with food
allergies or on diets，ask them to make their own restrictions clear.And ask if any guests are
vegetarians and provide dishes accordingly. 2 .
Choose an appetizer-only meal for a relaxing inexpensive party.You’ll save money and
preparation time，and be able to socialize more with your guests. 3 ， so guests aren’t
thrown off when no main course is served.You’ll want to offer your guests some variety of taste
in your appetizers for a more satisfying meal.
4 .If your appetizers are just the start of a more formal meal with a main course，you
keep it a bit simpler.Plan just a few handful of chips and a couple of cookies for your each guest，
if you’re serving a main course afterwards.
Prepare fruits and vegetables.Many guests will want a fresh，healthy option to start off a
meal.A fruit tray or veggie platter with carrots，cucumbers，and broccoli is an easy and colorful
addition to your appetizer spread. 5 .Besides，you’d better offer quick snacks like nuts，or
chips.
A．Serve a substantial main course if necessaryB．Serve light，simple snacks before a main course
C．You should detail it on the invitation that only appetizers will be served
D．So you should make thoughtful preparations for each of your guests
E．It’s a good idea to have a few vegetarian options available regardless
F．But it can be stressful to prepare food for guests with all different preferences
G．Look for ripe fruits and fresh vegetables that are in season for the best tasting ingredients
1．答案 F
解析 根据下文“Not to worry; your planning will be a breeze if you plan ahead of time and take
the process course by course，from appetizers(开胃菜) to desserts.”可知，空处应是描述一个
关于聚会食物的难题，F项“但为各种不同喜好的客人准备食物会让人压力很大”符合语境。
故选F项。
2．答案 E
解析 根据上文“And ask if any guests are vegetarians and provide dishes accordingly.”可知，
要准备一些素食，E项“无论如何，有一些素食选择是一个好主意”承接上文，符合语境。
故选E项。
3．答案 C
解析 根据上文可知，举办只有开胃菜的聚会有很多好处，结合空后“so guests aren’t
thrown off when no main course is served”可知，虽然举办只有开胃菜的聚会有很多好处，但
是也要将这一情况告知客人，否则会吓跑客人，C项“你应该在请柬上详细说明只提供开胃
菜”符合语境。故选C项。
4．答案 B
解析 空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“Plan just a few handful of chips and a couple of
cookies for your each guest，if you’re serving a main course afterwards.”可知，本段是讲在上
主食前提供一些简单的小吃。B项“主菜前提供清淡、简单的小吃”符合语境。故选B项。
5．答案 G
解析 根据上文“A fruit tray or veggie platter with carrots，cucumbers，and broccoli is an easy
and colorful addition to your appetizer spread.”可知，可在开胃菜之外提供一些水果和蔬菜，
G项“寻找当季成熟的水果和新鲜的蔬菜作为最美味的食材”符合语境，故选G项。
