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作业 17 自我认知和成长类说明文
说明文七选五阅读文体解读
1．语言正式且简洁：说明文通常采用正式且简洁的语言来描述、解释或说明某一主题或现
象。避免使用过于口语化或冗长的表达方式，以便于读者快速理解和把握内容要点。
2．客观性强：说明文强调客观性，尽量使用客观的文字来描述、解释和概括事物。避免使
用过多的主观评价和感情色彩，以确保信息的准确性和可信度。
3．结构清晰：说明文的结构通常非常清晰，常常采用“总－分－总”或“总－分”的结构
来组织内容。首先提出主题或论点，然后分点展开说明，最后可能进行总结或强调。这种结
构有助于读者快速理解文章的主旨和要点。
4．内容广泛：说明文涉及的内容非常广泛，可以涵盖自然、社会、科技、文化等各个领域。
在七选五阅读中，说明文可能涉及知识介绍、教人如何学习、如何做事、如何健康幸福地生
活等方面的内容。
5．注重逻辑和条理：说明文在描述和解释事物时，注重逻辑和条理。通常会采用清晰的定
义、分类、排序、划分等方式来组织内容，以便于读者快速理解和把握要点。
说明文七选五阅读解题技法
1．通读全文，理解大意
·快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，这通常出现在文章的开头或结尾部分。
·掌握文章的结构和主要内容，对文章的整体框架有一个大致的了解。
2．浏览选项，初选答案
·在对全文的大意有所了解后，依次浏览所有的选项。
·注意选项中出现的与原文相同或相似的词汇，试着将选项代入原文，看是否符合上下文逻
辑。
3．详细阅读，确定答案
·仔细阅读文章的正文部分，并找出各个段落的关键词，这有助于理解文章的具体内容和细
节。
·明确各选项的含义，并抓住其关键词语。注意词汇复现(如同义词复现、近义词复现、反义
词复现等)、代词以及语篇标记语等，这些都有助于确定正确答案。
4．分析逻辑关系
·注意句子之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列等。这些逻辑关系有助于确定句子在文中
的正确位置。
·特别注意空前空后的句子，通过它们与选项中的句子进行比较，找出关联性。
5．排除法
·如果某个选项与文章内容或上下文逻辑明显不符，可以直接排除。
·注意找出与其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的句子也可能是错误的选项。6．注意代词和定冠词
在做七选五阅读时，要特别注意句子中出现的人称代词或指示代词。通过代词在句子中所作
的成分，可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，然后从选项中找出这类句型。
7．先易后难 在解题过程中，可以先从容易的题目开始做起，逐渐攻克难题。这有助于建
立信心，提高解题效率。
8．复查答案 在完成所有题目后，复查答案。将选定的选项代入原文中，检查是否符合上
下文逻辑和文章的整体意思。
(每小题2.5分，满分25分)
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don’t beat yourself up about
them.To err(犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you
caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be ①world-
changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the
positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their
homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the
family had had a tiring day. 3
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way，you could
exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine
through.In fact，don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost
self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but
their mistakes.The thing is，it’s true. 5 We’re all changing and learning all the time and
mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to ②have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a ③fixed aspect of your personality.
语境猜词
①world-changing(合)＝world＋changing②have a go
③fixed(派)＝fix＋ed
B
(2024·江苏盐城、南京一模)
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams，
trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait? 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing
step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
2 If you never try，you’re going to be ①weighed down by your regrets.You’re
always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on
yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never
going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they
had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a ②mindset of determination，knowing
that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most
satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself.
4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that
same push?
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may
require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to
follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your
comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
A．Ask yourself what would be worse.
B．Starting small is completely acceptable.
C．You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D．New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F．You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential.
G．Hard as it is，it’s crucial to ③wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
语境猜词
①weigh down
②mindset(合)＝mind＋set
③wave off
语境猜词答案A．①改变世界的 ②试一试 ③固定的
B．①使烦恼，使焦虑；压垮 ②观念模式，思维倾向
③拒绝，不接受
答案精析
A
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习
来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成
长。
1．D [根据空前内容可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因
此而过于自责。结合空后的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处内容应该和“不要太自
责”相似。选项D(宽恕自己也同样重要)与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。
故选D。]
2．B [根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading ‘Personal
strengths.’”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be
around? They don’t have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re
proud of.”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己
身上的特点)符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。]
3．F [根据上文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F(不管是什
么，不管它看起来有多微不足道，都要把它写下来)与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做
的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。]
4．C [根据空后内容“That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you
special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这
种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C(他们甚至可能想试一试做这个练习)符合
语境，C项中的“They”指代空前的“a friend or family member”。故选C。]
5．G [根据空前内容可知，作者认为人从错误中吸取教训。选项G(不管你犯了什么错误，
记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)符合语境，G 项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your
personality”和空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a
positive way to develop and grow.”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固定的一面，我们
是通过错误来成长。故选G。]
B1．B [后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，由此可知本句是在建议从小的方
面开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。]
2．C [根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己
的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。]
3．G [后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，相信自己能够取得成功，由此可知要摆脱怀疑的心态。
故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。]
4．F [上文提到不要让恐惧占据上风，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故 F
选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，充分发掘你的潜力”符合语境，故选F。]
5．E [上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故说
明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，
故选E。]
