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作业 12 社会生活与身心健康类说明文
A
(2022·全国乙)
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers
first predicted it would generate，the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April,2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g
of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.It is believed that today’s
children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at
a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However，data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to
generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019，which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by
①manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of
sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge ， according to Treasury
figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre
of sugary drink they produce or import，depending on the sugar content.
However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices，②milk-based drinks and most
alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per
year.
Today’s figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the
sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great
importance，and the industry is playing its part.
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children’s health. D．To encourage research in education.
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A．It is a ③short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
语境猜词
①manufacturer(派)＝manufacture＋(e)r
②milk-based(合)＝milk＋based
③short-sighted(合)＝short＋sighted
B
(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
As cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming
harder to find.If you’re lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it’s
unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans，but a new study
shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred ①park-
goers，asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with
nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions，②coding experiences into
different categories.For example，one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the
waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and
“listening to waves”．
Across the 320 submissions ， a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature
language” began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions，half a dozen categories were
noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife，walking along the
edge of water，and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a ③usable language，which helps people recognize
and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example，the
experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a
weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic
form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the ④human-nature interactions back
into our daily lives.And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact
with it，” said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study.
5．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are ⑤overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature.
6．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A．To compare different types of park-goers.
B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park.
D．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
7.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different forms.
D．The nature language enhances work performance.
8．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A．Language study.
B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.
D．⑥Intercultural communication.
语境猜词
①park-goer(合)＝park＋goer
②code熟义：n.密码，暗码
生义(文义)：v.
③usable(派)＝us(e)＋able
④human-nature(合)＝human＋nature
⑤overpopulated(合)＝over＋populated
⑥intercultural(合)＝inter＋cultural
C
(2024·湖北七市州二模联考)
A new study involving nearly 50,000 people from four continents offers new insights into
identifying the quantity of daily walking steps that will best improve adults’ health and
longevity(长寿)，and whether the ideal number of steps differs across people of different ages.The
study represents an effort to develop an ①evidence-based public health message about the benefits
of physical activity.The often-repeated 10,000-step-a-day saying grew out of a decades-old
marketing activity for a Japanese pedometer(计步器)，with no science to back it up.
Led by physical activity professor Amanda Paluch ，an international group of scientists
conducted an experiment among adults aged 18 and older.They ②grouped the nearly 50,000
participants into four ③comparative groups according to average steps per day.The lowest stepgroup averaged 3,500 steps; the second,5,800; the third,7,800; and the fourth,10,900 steps per
day.Among the three higher active groups，there was a 40—53% lower risk of death，compared
to the lowest step group.
More specifically，for adults 60 and older，the risk of early death leveled off at about 6,000
—8,000 steps per day，meaning that more steps than that provided no additional benefit for
longevity，while for adults younger than 60，about 8,000—10,000 steps per day.
“So，what we saw was this continuing reduction in risk as the number of steps increases，
until it levels off.Interestingly，the study found no definitive association with walking speed.”
Paluch says.
The new study supports and expands findings from another study led by Paluch before，
which found that walking at least 7,000 steps a day reduced middle-aged people’s risk of early
death.“There’s a lot of evidence suggesting that moving even a little more is beneficial，
particularly for those who are doing very little activity.” Paluch says.“More steps per day are
better for your health.”
9．Why did the scientists carry out the new study?
A．To know about people’s health condition.
B．To explain the pedometer’s working principles.
C．To determine the best physical activity for people.
D．To provide a scientific guideline on daily walking.
10．What do the underlined words “leveled off” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Turned higher. B．Became stable. C．Fell sharply. D．Changed rapidly.
11．What does the experiment find?
A．The old should walk as much as possible.
B．Young people usually walk more than the old.
C．The most beneficial steps differ by age groups.
D．Walking pace is the key to avoiding early death.
12．What does Paluch advise people doing little activity to do?
A．To walk more steps.
B．To control walking speed.
C．To limit walking distance.
D．To track the number of steps.
语境猜词
①evidence-based(合)＝evidence＋based
②group熟义：n.组，群
生义(文义)：v.
③comparative(派)＝compar(e)＋ative语境猜词答案
A．①生产商，制造商 ②以牛奶为基础的 ③目光短浅的
B．①去公园消遣的人 ②把……编码(或编号) ③能用的，适用的 ④人与自然的 ⑤人
口过多的
⑥不同文化间的
C．①基于证据的 ②把……分组 ③比较的，相比的
答案精析
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及
青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育设施建设和健康饮食。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的关键词“childhood obesity”和“a higher risk of the
disease”可知，征收糖税的目的是保护儿童健康。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第四段首句“It comes after more than...they can avoid paying the
tax.”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低产品的含糖量来避税。]
3．D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However，some high sugar brands...”可知，糖税
税源主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。果汁、奶类饮品和大多数含酒精饮品免征糖
税。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today’s figures...and healthier eating in schools.”
可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的举措。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现城市中的自然景观对人类健康和幸福感具有
重要影响。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象：在城市里，人
们很难找到野生的自然环境。故选B。]
6．D [推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“...a pattern of categories the researchers call a
‘nature language’ began to emerge.”和第五段第一句“Naming each nature experience
creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are
most satisfying and meaningful to them.”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的重要经历编码分类
是为了找到并总结人与自然互动的方式，有助于更好地了解游客们的体验，帮助提高人与自然的互动。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，
这有助于人们认识并参与到对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动中，接下来以一个年轻的职场
人士参与自然的方式举例，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以
通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道相同的自然体验可
以呈现不同的形式。故选C。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我
们应该先要保护自然。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究对四大洲近5万人进行了分析，确定
了能够最大程度改善健康、延长寿命的每日步数，同时调查了不同年龄段的人每日最佳步数
是否有所不同。
9．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study represents...a Japanese pedometer(计步器)，
with no science to back it up.”可知，现有每天一万步的运动建议缺乏科学依据，而本项研究
旨在为科学的走路步数提供证据，由此可推知本研究旨在为日常走路锻炼提供科学指导。故
选D。]
10．B [词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“meaning that more steps than that provided no
additional benefit for longevity”可知，多余的步数并不会对长寿有额外的好处，由此可推知
步数到达一定量之后降低死亡的风险趋于稳定，不再变化。leveled off意为“保持平稳”，
与Became stable意思相近。故选B。]
11．C [推理判断题。根据第三段“更具体地说，对于60岁及以上的成年人来说，降低过
早死亡的风险，其步数稳定在每天6 000—8 000步左右，这意味着更多的步数对长寿没有额
外的好处，而对于60岁以下的成年人来说大约是每天8 000—10 000步”可推知，年龄不同，
最佳效果步数也不一样。故选C。]
12．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段 Paluch 所说的“There’s a lot of...very little
activity...are better for your health.”可知，Paluch建议很少运动的人应该增加走路步数。故
选A。]
