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作业 19 健康指南类说明文
(分值：37.5分)
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·河南新乡二模)
We watch our salt and fat ①intake to protect our hearts.We exercise and take calcium to
protect our bones.We use ②sunscreen to protect our skin. 1 A lot.We asked experts what
lifestyle steps people should be taking to protect their vision and eye health.
Invest in quality sunglasses.Protecting the eyes from ultraviolet rays( 紫 外 线 ) is very
important. 2 To shield your eyes，wear sunglasses certified to block out 99 to 100 per cent of
UVA and UVB rays.
3 You don’t have to be doing construction work or factory work to need protective
③eyewear.Gardening，yardwork，home repairs and sports all pose the risk of trauma(损伤) to the
eyes.It’s estimated that up to 90 per cent of sports-related eye injuries are actually preventable
with proper eye protection.Experts recommend wearing sports or safety glasses with poly-
carbonate lenses，which are a type of plastic that will not easily shatter or break.
Take a break from screens. 4 But staring at a screen can leave eyes fatigued(疲惫的) and
may blur vision.Experts suggest following the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes，take a break and
look at something about 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Get your eyes checked regularly.That means having your eyes tested by an optometrist or
health care provider every one to two years.Don’t forget to see an eye specialist for a ④checkup
regularly，if possible. 5
A．Stay away from dangerous work.
B．Wear safety glasses when needed.
C．But how can we protect our eyes from screen?
D．But what can we do to protect our eyes all year round?
E．Not all eye problems are noticeable，and all are best treated when found early.
F．It’s one of the biggest things in our environment to have an impact on the eyes.
G．There’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes.
1．答案 D
解析 上文是关于如何保护心脏、骨骼和皮肤的，而下文是关于如何保护眼睛的，由此可知
空处应该询问保护眼睛的方法。D项“But what can we do to protect our eyes all year round？
(但是我们能做些什么来全年保护我们的眼睛呢？)”符合语境，且与空后的答语“A lot.”呼应。故选D。
2．答案 F
解析 本段提出的建议是戴上太阳镜来保护眼睛免受紫外线照射，F项“It’s one of the
biggest things in our environment to have an impact on the eyes.(这是我们生活环境中对眼睛影
响最大的因素之一)”中的“It”指代上文中的“ultraviolet rays”，符合语境。故选F。
3．答案 B
解析 空处为段落主旨句。根据下文中“据估计，高达90%的与运动有关的眼部伤害实际
上是可以通过适当的眼睛保护来预防的。专家建议戴有聚碳酸酯镜片的运动眼镜或安全眼镜，
聚碳酸酯镜片是一种不易破碎的塑料”可推知，本段建议在必要的时候需要戴上安全眼镜。
B项“Wear safety glasses when needed.”符合语境。故选B。
4．答案 G
解析 根据下文“But staring at a screen can...blur vision.(但是盯着屏幕会让眼睛疲劳，可能
会模糊视力。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，说明电子屏幕发出的光不一定会损害眼
睛。G项“There’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes.(没
有科学证据表明电子屏幕发出的光会损害眼睛)”符合语境。故选G。
5．答案 E
解析 本段主要建议定期检查眼睛，空处承接上文，说明定期检查眼睛的好处就是及早发现
问题并进行治疗。E项“Not all eye problems are noticeable，and all are best treated when found
early.(并非所有的眼部问题都是显而易见的，而且及早发现最好治疗)”符合语境。故选E。
语境猜词
①intake(合)＝in＋take摄入，吸入
②sunscreen(合)＝sun＋screen防晒油；防晒霜
③eyewear(合)＝eye＋wear眼镜防护；护目镜
④checkup(合)＝check＋up审查，检查；健康检查
B
(2024·安徽“江南十校”一模)
With everything going on in the world，it’s no wonder so many of us are struggling to sleep.
1 And it’s hard to fall back asleep again.However，simple steps before bed can help.
Test your pillow.If you bought your pillow in 2022，it’s already old.The National Sleep
Foundation suggests replacing your pillow every one to two years. 2 “When your brain is
sending pain signals，it can’t send sleep signals，” says Dr Michael J Breus，a ①clinical
psychologist and sleep specialist.
Get an hour of sunlight each day.Morning sunlight is important for good sleep.“It stops
producing melatonin in your brain，which，helps relieve the sleepy morning feeling，” Breussays.It also sets a mental time to produce melatonin ，the ②so-called sleep hormone，that
evening.Aim for 15 to 30 minutes of direct light first and two 15-minute outdoor breaks during the
day. 3
Skip salty snacks before bed.In a Japanese study，researchers followed 321 patients with
high-salt diets and sleep issues for 12 weeks. 4 And those who consumed more salt woke up
more often to go to the bathroom.
5 If you need to air complaints to your family ，don’t wait until night.Tough
discussions are less likely to disturb your sound sleep if you initiate them earlier.Arguments can
activate your sympathetic nervous system，which disturbs sleep.Some research even suggests that
going to bed angry may make you ③bad-tempered the next morning.
A．Avoid arguments with your family.
B．④Handle your troubles before dinner.
C．It signals your brain that it is time to be awake.
D．It contributes to good health when exposed to light.
E．It’s normal to wake up at night，especially as you age.
F．A used one in the past can cause neck pain and restless sleep.
G．When people cut them down，their average toilet trips decreased.
语篇解读 本文为说明文，主要说明了当代社会很多人都出现了睡眠质量问题，本文提出了
几条建议，以帮助读者提高睡眠质量。
1．答案 E
解析 下文“And it’s hard to fall back asleep again.”描述很难再次入睡，由此可知本句主
要说明夜晚入睡的问题，E选项“半夜醒来很正常，尤其是随着年龄的增长”在此处能起到
承上启下的作用。故选E。
2．答案 F
解析 上文“The National Sleep Foundation...to two years.”提到需要每一到两年更换一次枕
头，下文“When your brain...sleep specialist.”谈论疼痛带来的影响。由此可知，设空处应与
“枕头”和“疼痛”有关，F 选项符合语境，且其中的代词“one”指代上文的 pillow，进
一步解释更换枕头的原因：用过很久的枕头可能导致颈部疼痛和辗转难眠。故选F。
3．答案 C
解析 根据上文“Get an hour of sunlight each day...Breus says.”可知，本段建议每天享受一
小时的阳光，这有助于缓解早晨的困倦感。C选项中的“It”指代上文提到的接受阳光直射
和户外休息的行为。这种行为是为了提醒大脑白天要保持清醒。C选项“它告诉你的大脑是
时候清醒了”符合语境。故选C。
4．答案 G解析 由下文“And those who consumed more salt woke up more often to go to the bathroom.
(而那些摄入更多盐的人更频繁地醒来去洗手间。)”可知，减少高盐饮食后，起夜次数会减
少。G选项“当人们减少摄入时，他们平均上厕所的次数减少了”符合语境，故选G。
5．答案 B
解析 根据下文可知，如果你需要向家人抱怨，不要拖到晚上。睡前的争论对睡眠有影响，
甚至影响第二天的心情。故本段建议在晚饭前处理好麻烦。空处位于段首，是本段主旨句。
故选B。
语境猜词
①clinical(派)＝clinic＋al临床的，临床诊断的
②so-called(合)＝so＋called所谓的
③bad-tempered(合)＝bad＋tempered脾气不好的；易怒的
④handle熟义：n.把手，拉手 生义(文义)：v.应付，处理
C
Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations，
focusing on the mind-body-nature connection. 1 That’s a slower，lower-impact way to relax
and is great for fitness.Here’s everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses.For reaping the mental health benefits，it
is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 2 Meanwhile，consciously
observing the sights，sounds，smells，and physical sensations during the walk can significantly
impact cognitive and emotional well-being.
To stimulate the mind，consider exploring different routes than usual.Without your favourite
podcast or playlist，you might slip into boredom on your walk. 3 And it might even be good
for your brain.Scientists ①applaud the virtues of boredom for brain health，believing that it boosts
creativity and improves social connections.And if you do get bored，rest assured that it shows
you’ve disconnected from ②external distractions.Go with it，and make sure you take a different
route each time—it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes.If you’re
usually a headphone wearer，it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes，but give
yourself a second to adjust.Chances are，once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk，
you’ll feel the magic kick in. 4
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential.After completing a silent walk，
take time to reflect upon any emerging thoughts，feelings，or insights. 5 Journaling about the
experience can also ③solidify connections between thoughts and ideas，providing a valuable tool
for self-reflection and growth.A．But being bored won’t hurt you.
B．Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C．Adjusting the routine gradually can help ④ease into the experience.
D．You’ll also start noticing the little things around you more clearly.
E．They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth.
F．Unlike ⑤exercise-oriented walking，it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps.
G．In such an environment，you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape(音景)．
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了静默行走这一趋势，探讨了如何进行静默行走，
以及这种行走方式对健康的好处，特别是对促进认知和情感福祉的潜在影响。
1．答案 F
解析 根据上文“Silent walking involves walking...connection.(静默行走包括在户外行走，不
受音乐或对话等干扰，专注于身心自然的联系。)”以及下文“That’s a slower...about the
trend.(这是一种较慢、影响较小的放松方式，非常适合健身。以下是您需要了解的有关这一
趋势的所有信息。)”可知，空处应补充上文内容，并引出下文。F项“与以锻炼为导向的
行走不同，它不关注达到特定的速度或步数”符合语境。F项中的it指代前文中的“Silent
walking”，“reaching certain speed or steps”和下文中的“a slower，lower-impact way”相
呼应。故选F。
2．答案 G
解析 上文“Select a natural setting...peaceful natural location.(选择一个自然的环境，充分利
用你的感官。为了获得心理健康的好处，建议找一个安静、宁静的自然环境)”说明静默行
走需要选择一个安静、宁静的自然环境。由此可知，空处应承接上文内容，G项“在这样的
环境中，你可以沉浸在自然的音景中”符合语境，G项中的“In such an environment”和前
文中的“a quiet and peaceful natural location”相呼应。故选G。
3．答案 A
解析 上文“To stimulate the mind...on your walk.(为了刺激大脑，可以考虑探索与平时不同
的路线。如果没有你最喜欢的播客或播放列表，你可能会在散步时陷入无聊。)”说明在静
默散步时你可能会感到无聊。空处和空后一句与前文形成转折关系，指出无聊的积极影响，
这为下文科学家对无聊的积极评价提供了逻辑上的衔接。故选A。
4．答案 C
解析 上文“If you’re usually a headphone wearer...you’ll feel the magic kick in.(如果你通常
是一个戴耳机的人，在没有音乐的情况下走路会感觉非常奇怪，但给自己一秒钟的时间来调
整。很有可能，当你安静地散步几分钟后，你会感觉到神奇的力量出现了。)”说明当你调
整自己去接受静默行走时，你会发现它神奇的力量。空处是对上文的承接，并呼应段落主题。空处所在的段落讨论了开始进行静默行走的建议，从五分钟开始，逐渐增加到三十分钟。C
项“逐渐调整常规可以帮助轻松进入体验”符合语境，故选C。
5．答案 E
解析 上文“After completing a silent walk...or insights.(在完成一次静默行走后，花时间反思
任何新出现的想法、感受或见解。)”说明在完成静默行走后需要作出反思。空处与前文内
容形成逻辑上的解释关系，说明反思的重要性。E项
“它们可以加深理解并作为个人成长的记录”符合语境，E项中的They指代前文中的“any
emerging thoughts，feelings，or insights”。故选E。
语境猜词
①applaud熟义：v.鼓掌 生义(文义)：v.称赞，赞许
②external(派)＝exter＋n＋al外部的，外面的
③solidify(派)＝solid＋i＋fy ( 使 ) 变稳固，巩固
④ease into逐渐适应
⑤exercise-oriented(合)＝exercise＋oriented 以锻炼为导向的
