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作业 30 人与自然类
(分值：60分)
(每小题1.5分，满分60分)
A
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP).1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of
Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The
plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously
unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
4._____________(increase) ①effectiveness and reduce ②inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year ③pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP
5.________________(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and
integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological
buffer zones,6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future
generations” ． The GPNP’s main goal is to improve ④connectivity between separate
7._________________(population) and homes of giant pandas，and 8. (eventual)
achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an ⑤umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection
to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is
intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant
Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
1．答案 Covering
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的主语the GPNP为逻辑上的
主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
2．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。“倍数＋the＋名词＋of”是倍数的一种表达方式。故填the。
3．答案 were
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。空前that指代先行词areas，作主语，根据previously可知时态
是一般过去时，根据主谓一致原则，从句主语是复数，从句谓语应用复数形式。故填
were。
4．答案 to increase
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词的不定式形式。故填 toincrease。
5．答案 is designed
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为
被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是
单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
6．答案 and
解析 考查连词。“preserving biological diversity”，“protecting ecological buffer zones”和
“leaving behind precious natural assets”三者是现在分词并列作状语，因此用and连接。故
填and。
7．答案 populations
解析 考查名词复数。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词
population(种群)的复数形式。故填populations。
8．答案 eventually
解析 考查词性转换。用副词修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
9．答案 as
解析 考查介词。serve as“担任，充当”，是固定短语。故填as。
10．答案 that
解析 考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，先行词species在从句中作主语，且前面有all
修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
语境猜词
①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness有效性，效力
②inconsistency(派)＝in＋consisten(t)＋cy不一致；易变
③pilot 熟义：n.飞行员；领航员 生义(文义)：v.试验
④connectivity(派)＝connectiv(e)＋ity 连通 ( 性 ) ，联结 ( 度 )
⑤umbrella 熟义：n.伞，雨伞 生义(文义)：n.保护伞
B
(2021·新课标Ⅱ)
I’ve always loved the ocean.In the 1. (seven) grade，I started volunteering at
the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic
garbage,2. (think) it is food.
I decided to do something 3. (educate) people about this problem.I held
presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided
that if I learned of a company 4. used a lot of plastic，I’d send it an email urgingit to cut back.
One day，I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic
straws(吸管)．I found the contact information of the company 5. emailed its president.I
told him how 6. (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to
consider using more eco-friendly options.I was so 7. (excite) when he wrote back to
me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic，I’d send an email.One of the
biggest companies I wrote to 8. (be) Alaska Airlines.A company
9.__________________(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10.
plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努
力。
1．答案 seventh
解析 考查序数词。表示“七年级”用序数词，所以填seventh。
2．答案 thinking
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空用作伴随状语，think与其逻辑主语many
sea animals之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，所以填thinking。
3．答案 to educate
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空用作目的状语，应用不定式形式，所以填
to educate。
4．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此空引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词 a
company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导，所以填which/that。
5．答案 and
解析 考查连词。由句意可知，found和emailed之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓
语动词，所以填and。
6．答案 harmful
解析 考查形容词。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
7．答案 excited
解析 考查形容词。该空在was之后作表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v.-ed形式的形容词，
表示“感到兴奋的”，所以填excited。
8．答案 was
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述发
生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
9．答案 representative
解析 考查名词。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填
representative。
10．答案 from
解析 考查固定搭配。from sth.to sth.从……到……，所以填from。
C
(2020·全国Ⅰ)
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The
①unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
②goddess—1. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the
moon’s far side is 2. (extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks
direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon
in a spot 3. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the
moon is of particular 4. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters(环形山), more so 5. the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the
instruments ③onboard Chang’e-4 6. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-
Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，
says，“because it 7. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how
the moon 8. (construct)．” Data about the moon’s composition，such as how
9.____________ice and other treasures it contains ，could help China decide whether 10.
(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第
一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。
1．答案 touched
解析 考查时态。句子主语是the unmanned Chang’e-4 probe，谓语动词是touch。根据时间
状语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“(飞机等)降落，着陆”。
2．答案 extremely
解析 考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰形容词 challenging 应用 extreme 的副词形式
extremely。
3．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰 a spot，且
所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
4．答案 interest解析 考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。此处是“be of＋名词”结构，be of interest to sb意为
“对某人有吸引力”。
5．答案 than
解析 考查more...than...的用法。根据前面的比较级more可知，此处是将the far side of the
moon和the familiar near side进行比较，故填than。
6．答案 to find
解析 考查非谓语动词(不定式)。use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。
7．答案 means
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
8．答案 is constructed
解析 考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与construct(组成，构成)
之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．答案 much
解析 考查 how much 的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰
ice“冰”，是不可数名词，故用much。
10．答案 its
解析 考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。
语境猜词
①unmanned(派)＝un＋man＋n＋ed无人的；无人操纵的
②goddess(派)＝god＋d＋ess女神
③onboard(合)＝on＋board在船上
D
(2024·湖南岳阳一模)
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor biodiversity and
enhance efforts to protect some species from 1. (threaten)．Unlike conventional
methods，AI has the capacity 2. (analyze) massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 3. a rate much faster than that millions of years ago，
with up to one million species on the edge of 4. (extinct)．In response，the United
Nations set a goal in 2020 to ①safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans.“AI is
imperfect 5. could promote important discoveries，” says Nicolas Miailhe，
Paris-based founder of the Future Society ， an international non-profit organization 6.
aims to ②better govern AI.“We badly need human ③practitioners to design models and interpret
data.”Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time，AI can also be used to ④model the impacts of
human activities on an ecosystem.Although it 7. (document) that human activities
have resulted in biodiversity loss ， little is known about which environmental factors have
8._________________(large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 9. essential role in connecting changes in
biodiversity with environmental changes，” says Luisa Orsini，who 10. (study)
evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham，UK.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员一直在应用人工智能来监测生物多
样性，并加大力度来保护一些物种免受威胁。
1．答案 being threatened
解析 考查非谓语动词。protect sb from(doing)“保护某人免受……”为固定短语，动词
threaten与它的逻辑主语some species构成被动关系，故空处应用threaten的动名词的被动式
作宾语。故填being threatened。
2．答案 to analyze
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式作后置定语修饰名词
capacity。故填to analyze。
3．答案 at
解析 考查介词。at a rate“以……的速度”为固定搭配。故填at。
4．答案 extinction
解析 考查名词。空处应用名词作介词of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填extinction。
5．答案 but
解析 考查连词。分析句子可知，空处前后为转折关系，故填but。
6．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填关系代词引导限制性定语从句，在从句
中作主语，指代先行词organization，先行词是物，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/
that。
7．答案 is documented
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。动词
document与形式主语it之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词
用is。故填is documented。
8．答案 the largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处应填 large的最高级在句中
作定语，最高级前要用定冠词the。故填the largest。
9．答案 an解析 考查冠词。play a role in“在……中起作用”为固定短语，essential的发音以元音音素
开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．答案 studies
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。此处who引导
修饰Luisa Orsini的非限制性定语从句，从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词 Luisa Orsini保持
一致，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填studies。
语境猜词
①safeguard(合)＝safe＋guard保护，捍卫
②better 熟义：adj.较好的，更好的 生义(文义)：v.改善，改进
③practitioner(合)＝pract＋ition＋er从业人员，执业者
④model 熟义：n.模型；模式 生义(文义)：v.使仿效，使模仿
