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作业 52 四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空
(分值：40分)
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2024·河北邢台一模)
A recent study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) has discovered
that river erosion(侵蚀) can lead to increased biodiversity in areas with minimal tectonic(地壳构造
的) activity.The researchers focused their attention on the Tennessee River Basin and examined
how the erosion of various rock types by the river had led to the separation and diversification of a
type of fish called the greenfin darter.As time passed，these separate fish populations evolved into
distinct families with genetic differences.
Scientist Thomas Near observed that the greenfin darter was exclusively found in the southern
half of the Tennessee River Basin.The researchers analyzed the genes of each fish in Near’s data
set and constructed an evolutionary tree.This tree helped them comprehend the evolution and
differences of the greenfin darter species.They discovered that the fish within the same branch of
the river were more closely related to each other than to the fish in other branches.
This study provides evidence that river erosion significantly impacts biodiversity in regions
with low tectonic activity.It illustrates how changes in the landscape caused by river erosion can
lead to the division and diversification of species over time，even in peaceful environments.These
findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms( 机 制 ) that drive biodiversity and
evolution，even in areas that are not typically associated with intense tectonic activity.
Subsequently，the team discovered a strong correlation between the habitats of the greenfin
darter and the type of rocks present.The southern half of the Tennessee River Basin consists of
hard，tightly packed rocks，resulting in turbulent(湍急的) waves in the rivers that flow through
it.This characteristic may be favored by the greenfin darter.As a result，the team assumed whether
the distribution of greenfin darter habitats had been influenced by the changing rock types，as the
rivers eroded the land over time.To test this assumption，the researchers developed a simulation
model.Remarkably，the results confirmed their assumption.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加地壳活动少的地
区的生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。
1．What is new about the MIT study?
A．It finds river erosion can enhance biodiversity.
B．It further proves the mechanisms of river erosion.
C．It proves the geographical features of biodiversity.D．It classifies a type of fish called the greenfin darter.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A recent study conducted...can lead to increased
biodiversity in areas with minimal tectonic(地壳构造的) activity.”可知，麻省理工学院的这项
研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性。故选A。
2．What can we learn about the greenfin darter?
A．Their appearances vary between families.
B．Their genetic constitutions have diversified.
C．They prefer the deep and slow-flowing river.
D．They go extinct in the changing landscape of rivers.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The researchers focused their attention on the Tennessee
River Basin...these separate fish populations evolved into distinct families with genetic
differences.”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成变得多样化了。故选B。
3．How did Near help the researchers reach their conclusion?
A．By creating an evolutionary tree of the fish.
B．By offering the fish’s genetic data.
C．By reasoning out the time the fish evolve and separate.
D．By analyzing the genetic similarity between different fish.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers analyzed the genes of each fish in
Near’s data set and constructed an evolutionary tree.”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助
研究人员得出结论。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．River Erosion Can Shape Fish Evolution
B．Genetic Change in the Greenfin Darter
C．Evolutionary Tree Analysis of the Greenfin Darter
D．The Impact of Climate Change on Fish Diversity
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可
以增加生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。由此可知，A选项
“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·湖北武汉一模)
Lexi Reed weighed 485 pounds at the age of 25—a weight that was quite 1 .Danny wasoverweight himself even though he came in at 280 pounds.But，the 2 part of everything was
that the couple were both gaining more weight on what they already had with each passing
day.Some of the daily activities，no matter how simple，became a real 3 for the
couple.However，after celebrating their first 4 in 2016，they decided to make a positive
change in their life.
The couple was making many plans to 5 in the new year 2016 like many other people
around the world.They made a New Year’s resolution.But，it was not 6 to many that were
made，as they decided to 7 a challenge that would change their lives forever—and for good!
So many people make promises to themselves and others that they don’t really 8 ，but the
Reeds were not about to act like the others.Theirs were bound to come to 9 .
It was completely unknown to the couple that people were actually 10 them online when
they started their journey.Their 11 attracted lots of attention，and people cheered them
on.Lexi kept her friends and family 12 with her progress through Instagram.But they were yet
to receive a major 13 of their lives：They were 14 in a popular issue of People
Magazine known as “Half Their Size”．Before long，the couple’s story had become a real
15 .
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Lexi Reed和Danny夫妇都很胖，但是却
决心为自己的生活做出积极改变，在网上有很多人关注他们的进展，后来他们甚至还登上了
杂志，成了热门话题。
1．A.unforgivable B．unbelievable
C．unachievable D．uncomfortable
答案 B
解析 unforgivable不可饶恕的；unbelievable令人难以置信的；unachievable不可实现的；
uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“Lexi Reed weighed 485 pounds at the age of 25”可知，
Lexi Reed的体重是令人难以置信的。故选B。
2．A.vital B．strange
C．miserable D．miracle
答案 C
解析 vital 关键的；strange 奇怪的；miserable 悲惨的；miracle 神奇的。根据下文“the
couple were both gaining more weight on what they already had with each passing day”可知，他
们的体重还在增加，这是很悲惨的。故选C。
3．A.issue B．concern
C．debate D．possibility
答案 A
解析 issue 问题；concern担忧；debate辩论；possibility可能性。根据上文“Lexi Reedweighed 485 pounds at the age of 25”和“Danny was overweight himself even though he came in
at 280 pounds.”可知，夫妻两个都很胖，所以一些日常活动对他们来说是一个问题。故选
A。
4．A.birthday B．valentine
C．Christmas D．anniversary
答案 D
解析 birthday生日；valentine情人节；Christmas圣诞节；anniversary纪念日。根据上文
“their first”及下文“they decided to make a positive change in life”可知，他们在一个重要
的节日决定要做出积极改变，“纪念日”符合语境。故选D。
5．A.work B．run
C．ring D．surge
答案 C
解析 work工作；run跑步；ring敲钟；surge急剧上升。根据下文“in the new year 2016.”
可知，他们制定一些计划来迎接新年，ring in the new year意为“迎接新年”。故选C。
6．A.equal B．similar
C．familiar D．inferior
答案 B
解析 equal平等的；similar类似的；familiar熟悉的；inferior低等的。根据下文“but the
Reeds were not about to act like the others”可知，他们和其他人的新年决心不同，因此空格处
是similar。故选B。
7．A.take on B．take out
C．take off D．take in
答案 A
解析 take on接受；take out拿出去；take off脱掉；take in吸收。根据下文“a challenge that
would change their lives forever”可知，他们决定接受一个将永远改变他们生活的挑战。故选
A。
8．A.put out B．break out
C．spread out D．carry out
答案 D
解析 put out扑灭；break out爆发；spread out伸开；carry out实施。根据上文“So many
people make promises to themselves and others that they don’t really”及常识可知，很多人会
做出承诺，但是不能真正地履行。故选D。
9．A.fame B．formation
C．top D．reality
答案 D解析 fame名声；formation构成；top顶部；reality现实。根据上文“So many people make
promises to themselves and others that they don’t really ，but the Reeds were not
about to act like the others.”可知，很多人做出的承诺并不能实现，但是他们跟别人不同，所
以他们的承诺注定要成为现实。故选D。
10．A.doubting B．recording
C．following D．serving
答案 C
解析 doubt 怀疑；record 记录；follow(在社交媒体上)关注；serve 服务。根据“them
online”可知，很多人在网上关注这对夫妇。故选C。
11．A.success B．enterprise
C．mission D．innovation
答案 B
解析 success 成功；enterprise 事业；mission 使命；innovation 创新。根据上文“their
journey”和第一段的“they decided to make a positive change in their life”可知，此处指他们
改变自己的生活的事业吸引了很多人的关注。故选B。
12．A.updated B．inspired
C．moved D．connected
答案 A
解析 update向……提供最新信息；inspire 激励；move 移动；connect连接。根据上文
“people were actually them online”可知，很多人在网上关注他们，所以 Lexi通
过Instagram向她的朋友和家人更新了她的进展。故选A。
13．A.achievement B．commitment
C．surprise D．boost
答案 C
解析 achievement成就；commitment承诺，保证；surprise惊喜；boost帮助。根据下文
“They were in a popular issue of People Magazine known as ‘Half Their
Size’．”可知，他们登上了杂志，这对他们来说是惊喜。故选C。
14．A.praised B．featured
C．documented D．memorized
答案 B
解析 praise表扬；feature特写；document记录；memorize记忆。根据下文“in a popular
issue of People Magazine known as ‘Half Their Size’”可知，他们登上了杂志，空格处用
feature，表示杂志对他们进行人物专访或进行特写。故选B。
15．A.hit B．incident
C．gossip D．legend答案 A
解析 hit热门话题；incident事件；gossip流言蜚语；legend传说。根据上文“They were
in a popular issue of People Magazine known as ‘Half Their Size’．”可知，他们登上了杂
志，很快就成了热门的话题。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏南京一模)
In recent years，China has been working hard to improve living conditions in rural areas
through a program called the New Rural Development Initiative.1. goal of this
initiative is to improve infrastructure(基础设施)，modernize farming practices，and enhance the
overall quality of life for those 2. (live) in the countryside.
One important aspect of the initiative is the improvement of rural infrastructure
3.________________ includes the construction of better roads，bridges，and watering systems
4.______________(improve) the efficiency of transportation and agricultural activities.
Another key focus is the promotion of modern agricultural 5. (technique)．By
introducing advanced farming methods and technologies，such as organic farming and the use of
machinery，farmers are able to increase their productivity and income 6. damaging
the environment.
Furthermore，the initiative emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional culture and
heritage in rural communities.Efforts 7. (make) to regenerate local traditions，which
not only enriches the cultural 8. (diverse) of the countryside but also creates new
opportunities for cultural tourism and sustainable development.The initiative also aims to enhance
the living environment in rural areas through the restoration of traditional houses
9.__________________ the construction of public facilities.
Through the initiative，China is working hard to create a more prosperous(繁荣的) and
10.________________(harmony) countryside ， providing its rural residents with better
opportunities and an improved quality of life.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。近年来，中国一直在努力通过一个名为“新农村建设行
动”的项目改善农村地区的生活条件。这一倡议的目标是改善基础设施，实现农业现代化，
提高农村居民的整体生活质量。
1．答案 The
解析 考查冠词。此处 goal特指这一倡议的目标，应用定冠词 the，首字母大写。故填
The。
2．答案 living
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live与其逻辑主语those构成主动关系，应用
现在分词，作定语。故填living。3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 improvement，指物，关系词在
从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
4．答案 to improve
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，improve在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。
故填to improve。
5．答案 techniques
解析 考查名词复数。technique为可数名词，结合语境可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。
故填techniques。
6．答案 without
解析 考查介词。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不，没有”应用介词without。故填without。
7．答案 are being made/are made/have been made
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合此处语境可
知，表示正在进行可用现在进行时的被动语态；陈述事实可用一般现在时的被动语态或表示
过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。
故填are being made/are made/have been made。
8．答案 diversity
解析 考查名词。此处作动词的宾语，应用名词 diversity“多样性”，不可数。故填
diversity。
9．答案 and
解析 考查连词。此处 the restoration of traditional houses 与后文 the construction of public
facilities为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
10．答案 harmonious
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词countryside，应用形容词harmonious“和谐的”，作定语。
故填harmonious。
