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类型 3 语篇层次题
根据首尾/前后文呼应选词
有时完形填空题的第一个空需要读完全文才能做出正确选择，有时最后一个空呼应全文
主题，需要结合全文主题(往往是开头首句)才能作答。此类跳跃性较强的设空需要考生牢牢
把握住首尾呼应，结合鲜明统一的主题来敲定答案。
典例剖析 (2024·全国甲)
...Like in typical families，where boys were 45 much more than girls，my grandma
had to stay at home to do 46 .The only opportunity(机会) she could seize to 47 was
when her brother was having Chinese 48 with the family tutor...
I’ve never faced the problem of 58 .I guess our different childhood background is what
makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to：her stories always make my history
textbooks come alive.
A．unemployment B．health
C．education D．communication
分析 此题根据就近上下文信息找不到答案，需要利用前后文呼应法来选词。根据上文中
“She did not have a chance to go to school.”和“The only opportunity(机会) she could seize to
study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.”可知，祖母没有
机会上学，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过教育方面的问题。故选C。
即时演练
1．(2023·全国甲)It was a very nice gesture for him to make.But when we looked at the
tomatoes，we were worried because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round，
shiny things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no
label(标签) on it.These can’t be any good，we thought.But we were thankful for his kindness，
so we tried them.
What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its .Those tomatoes
had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
A．appearance B．quality
C．origin D．price
答案 A
解析 appearance外观；quality质量；origin源头；price价格。结合前后文可知，作者一家
刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现它的味道比超市的西
红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选A。2．It was a snowy day.I the friend who sat with me on winter evenings，talking about our
experiences and thoughts—a true conversation...
I had almost given up hope of finding another friend like that after I moved to this city.I wanted to
invite a woman...
A．met B．missed
C．visited D．helped
答案 B
解析 根据语篇后面段落内容可知，作者搬到一个新城市后，几乎没有信心找到一个可以坐
下来一起聊天的朋友。由此推断，作者想念她的朋友。故选B。
根据文章发展脉络选词
叙事类的完形填空的一般行文结构：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局。因此在解题
时，考生必须把握文章的走势，了解文章的发展脉络，揣摩文章字里行间的意义，选择与作
者思路或意图相吻合的选项，例如上文有因为，下文必然有所以；上文有其然，下文必有其
所以然。
典例剖析 (2022·全国甲)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our
breath，Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚)？I liked him too，but so soon？He
poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.In that moment，I began to fall
for him.
...
A year later，much to my delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to
me.He did not kneel(跪) down，nor did I need him to.That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs
that brought us together.
A．toys B．awards C．food D．water
分析 利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：从一个人如何对待自己的狗能看
出他的为人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。
在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣
然接受了Steve 的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动
作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。故选D。
即时演练 (2024·山东济宁三模片段)
本文的故事脉络是“65岁的动画教授Nancy Beiman在退休后尝试连环画创作→创造出
了FurBabies系列→朋友漫画家Lynn Johnston就如何写小剧本给了她一些建议→她写了24个迷你剧本→成功与GoComics网站签约”。
Nancy Beiman was 65.When she was considering retirement from her job as a professor of
animation，she had no clue how she would fill her days. 1 this，she woke up one day with
the idea for a comic strip(连环画)．
Beiman had been doing her animation mostly on computers but for this new idea，she
returned to drawing characters on paper.The 2 was FurBabies，a series about a mixed family
of dogs，a cat and a child who can all speak the same language.
Beiman wasn’t planning on continuing with the idea until she showed them to her friend，
the cartoonist Lynn Johnston，who thought 3 of the drawings and gave her advice on how to
develop little scripts(剧本)．
Following her friend’s 4 ，she wrote 24 mini-scripts.A few months later，she
submitted them to the website GoComics and successfully got 5 .
1．A.Dreaming of B．Insisting on
C．Puzzling over D．Missing out
答案 C
解析 dream of梦想；insist on坚持；puzzle over对……感到困惑；miss out错过。根据上文
“When she was considering retirement from her job as a professor of animation，she had no clue
how she would fill her days.”可知，Beiman应该是不知道退休后如何生活，因此是对此感到
困惑。故选C。
2．A.concept B．result
C．phenomenon D．proof
答案 B
解析 concept 概念；result 结果；phenomenon 现象；proof 证据。根据下文“was
FurBabies，a series about a mixed family of dogs，a cat and a child who can all speak the same
language”可推知，连环画FurBabies系列应该是Beiman创作出的结果。故选B。
3．A.highly B．lightly
C．logically D．curiously
答案 A
解析 highly钦佩地，赞赏地；lightly轻微地；logically合乎逻辑地；curiously好奇地。根
据下文“gave her advice on how to develop little scripts(剧本)”可知，Johnston就如何创作小
剧本给了Beiman建议，由此推知，身为漫画家的Johnston对Beiman的作品评价很高，鼓励
她进一步创作，固定短语think highly of意为“欣赏”。故选A。
4．A.example B．guidance
C．heart D．passion
答案 B解析 example例子；guidance指导；heart心；passion激情。根据上文“gave her advice on
how to develop little scripts(剧本)”可知，Johnston给了Beiman建议，因此Beiman是在朋友
的指导下写剧本。故选B。
5．A.refused B．inspired
C．signed D．promoted
答案 C
解析 refuse拒绝；inspire启发；sign签约；promote提升。根据上文“she submitted them to
the website GoComics and successfully got ”可推知，她应该是就这些连环画成功和
GoComics网站达成合作，成功签约。故选C。
根据熟词生义选词
熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。此类题目通常考查单词的语境含义，而不
是我们所熟知的教材上所给的意思，甚至词性也不是常见的，而是进行了转化。如：
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅱ)
But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and
praised my language skills.
A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
分析 细读本句可知句意为“但每次我试着用意大利语 一个句子时，当地人都会对我
微笑，称赞我的语言能力。”对比选项推断只有A项意思合适，因为 string 的熟义是“n.
线，细绳，带子”，生义就转化成了动词，意为“串起来”。用在此处非常恰当，因为
“我”的意大利语不熟练，只能把单个的单词串成一个句子。故选A。
技法归纳
即时演练
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in
Minnesota...
Although the two young women were strangers before the ，they’ve since become friends.
A．ride B．test
C．meet D．show
答案 C解析 结合上文“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及“the two young
women were strangers before”可知，此处表示这两名年轻女子在“比赛(meet)”前是陌生人，
但后来成了朋友。meet常见的意思为“相遇，遇见”，在此处的语境中意为“体育比赛，
运动会”，故选C。
2．(2023·全国乙)She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach，where she loved to
waves on her board.
A．cause B．observe
C．ride D．strike
答案 C
解析 由上文“the beach”及下文“waves on her board”可知，她喜欢在海滩上“冲(ride)”浪。
本题考查ride 的生义，意为“漂浮”。ride (the) waves 意为“冲浪”。故选C。
