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题型 2 推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的推敲，
作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生分析上
下文逻辑关系的能力以及逻辑推理能力。题目所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在理
解原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，从而揭示其深层含义。
纵观近几年高考真题，推断隐含信息、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断文章出
处/类型、读者对象、后续内容和写作手法为低频考点。
隐含信息推断题
隐含信息推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人
物身份、事件等。一般可根据语篇提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确
把握文章的逻辑关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。一般此类题干中主
要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，
conclude(推断出)和 assume(假定，设想)。设问方式主要有：What can we learn from...in
paragraph...？What can be inferred from the...paragraph？What can we infer from...？What does
the author indicate by mentioning...in paragraph...？What can be inferred about...?
典例剖析 (2024·全国甲，C片段)
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The
government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem，
关键信息1
particularly in the poorer，rural areas eastof the Volga River，including arranging doctor’s
appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice
medicine in remote parts of the country .
关键信息2 [1]原文关键词＝题干关键词
29．What can we infer from
设问方向：就第三段内容对Krasnoyarsk的情况进行推断
A．It is heavily populated. B．It offers training for doctors.
C．It is a modern city. D．It needs medical aid.
[2]分析关键信息的字面意思：
关键信息1：政府一直在努力提出推动医疗服务现代化的措施
关键信息2：扩大财政援助计划以激励医生到像Krasnoyarsk这样的偏远地区行医[3]推测并整合关键信息的隐含意思：
整合关键信息可知，在俄罗斯，像Krasnoyarsk这样的偏远地区存在很多医疗问题，政府一
直努力解决，加大财政援助并鼓励医生去行医，可推断 Krasnoyarsk急需医疗救助。对比选
项知D项正确。
技法归纳
即时演练
A
(2024·新课标Ⅱ，C片段)
BMF employees live out ①sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or
bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage
cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are ②passionate about reducing waste，carbon and
chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
1．What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据 BMF employees 定位到所给片段，根据该段第一句“BMF
employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及最后一句“‘We are passionate
about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，’ said a BMF employee.”可
知，BMF的员工在日常生活中践行可持续行为，并热衷于减少环境中的废弃物、碳排放和
化学制品，由此推测，他们具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
语境猜词：①sustainability n．可持续性
②passionate adj . 热情的，狂热的
B(2023·全国甲，D片段)
Obviously，if precautions(预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies can become ①troublesome，
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food
and attractants from their yards and campsites ， grizzlies will typically pass by without
trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal ②quarters is also
highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean，attractant-free place
where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel，longtime
biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
2．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。依据语段中的“Obviously，if precautions(预防) aren’t taken，grizzlies
can become troublesome...If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，
grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.”
可推知，如果采取一些预防措施，可以避免灰熊造成破坏，甚至有效地驱离灰熊，即人和灰
熊可以和谐相处。故选B。
语境猜词：①troublesome adj . 引起麻烦的
②quarter n．生活区
观点态度推断题
此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的态度、观点或看法，或推
断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问方式主要有：What is the author’s attitude toward...？What
does the author think of...？How does the author find...?
观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀
疑、悲观。作者或文中人物的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，
在推断过程中，应特别注意文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。典例剖析 (2024·全国甲，C片段)
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10
months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the
regional capital to refuel and restock(补给)．Then it starts all over again the next month.Most
stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic check-
ups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and
关键信息1：描述性词汇→形容词
their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying
关键信息2：描述性词汇→形容词
focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance
关键信息3：描述性词汇→形容词
for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
设问方向：Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持有的态度
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
[1]找关键信息：见文中1、2、3
[2]分析关键信息：
关键信息1：形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻。
关键信息2：形容词little和focused and concerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空
间里，但仍然保持专注和关切。
关键信息3：形容词the best，说明他们服务很好。
[3]归纳人物态度：
综上可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务是感激的，故选A。
技法归纳即时演练
A
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)
“I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber，shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)
on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little ①defensive，it might be because even
some of his co-workers ②occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll
have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now
practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture，
chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
1．What do some of Farber’s co-workers think of him?
A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict.
C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据选段开头“I am not crazy”以及下文“If he seems a little
defensive，it might be because even some of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual
methods.”可知，法伯的一些同事有时会嘲笑他的不寻常的方法，即认为他很奇怪。故选
A。
语境猜词：①defensive adj . 怀有戒心的
②occasionally ad v . 偶然，偶尔
B
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，D片段)
In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of
what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most
confident about their estimates？Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？This
happened some of the time，but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently，the groups
reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow，these arguments and
reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain ，thepotential ①implications for group discussion and decision-making are ②enormous.
2．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞”法。根据选段最后一段“Although the studies led by
Navajas have limitations and many questions remain ， the potential implications for group
discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局
限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的
研究是赞许和支持的。故选D。
语境猜词：①implication n．可能的影响
②enormous adj . 巨大的，极大的
C
(2023·全国甲，C片段)
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our
experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of
the most important philosophers in history，and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by
decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own ①interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun ， sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent
②simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness and aging.The
invitation is clear：Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I
encourage you to take his offer.It’s worth your time，even if time is something we don’t have a
lot of.
3．What does the author think of Weiner’s book?
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据选段第一段第一句以及第二段第一句可推知，作者认为Weiner的
书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
语境猜词：①interpretation n．解释，理解
②simplicity n．简单
写作意图推断题各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述
自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考
生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问方式主要有：What is the author’s
purpose in writing this passage？What is the purpose of this text？What is the author’s purpose
in mentioning...？What is the purpose of...mentioned in paragraph...?
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅱ，D)
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal
with our AI-powered future ， and this is where AI by Design ： A Plan for Li v ing w ith
Artificial Intelligence comes in .This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical
roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革)．
[1]Para.1：总体介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》。
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer
code(代码) that powers AI but ， thankfully ， Campbell has more than two decades ’ professional
experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a
business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and
informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
[2]Para.2：介绍了本书作者的背景和写作特点。
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become
more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General
Intelligence. From there ， Campbell says ， will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence.This is why
Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these
developments are expected to take place.She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial
intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
[3]Paras.3－4：概述了书中的主要论点及其意义。
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and
world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.She explains
we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for
humanity.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.Such structured
thinking ， followed by global regulation ， will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our
downfall.
AI will affect us all ， and if you only read one book on the subject ， this is it .
[4]Para.5：再次强烈推荐这本书。
35．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
设问方向：询问本文的写作目的
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
辨文体：本文以“书”为对象，阐述了作者对这本书的评价，由此可推知，本文是一篇书
评。明主旨：根据各段主旨可知，本文介绍了《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计
划》这本书的内容并作了评价。
作判断：由此可推断，作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。故选A。
技法归纳
即时演练
A
(2024·全国甲，D片段)
That’s why this issue(期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the
best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford
①breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth
Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how
you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—②that’s up to you and the story
you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there.
1．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A．To give examples of great novelists.
B．To stress the theme of this issue.
C．To encourage writing for the magazine.
D．To recommend their new books.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据选段第一段首句可知，本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助读者了解如何给自己的作品写出最好的结局，接着作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯将如何进行这方
面的指导。由此可知，作者提到这两个人是为了强调这期杂志的主题。故选B。
语境猜词：①break down 分析
②That’s up to... 那取决于 ……
B
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)
Over the years，John has ①taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility
that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an ②eco-
machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A．To review John’s research plans.
B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。选段首句指出约翰做了很多大项目，接着提到他为伯灵顿和福州设计的
净化水体的项目，可推知作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的一项实际应用。故选B。
语境猜词：①take on 承担
②eco-machine 生态机器
C
(2023·全国甲，C片段)
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then ①frames each
philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a
read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates，see like Thoreau，listen like Schopenhauer，and
have no regrets like Nietzsche.This，②more than a book about understanding philosophy，is a
book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
3．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
答案 D
解析 写作意图题。根据选段中的“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride...The
end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates，see like Thoreau，listen like
Schopenhauer，and have no regrets like Nietzsche.”可知，作者在本段开头描写了Weiner的书
的内容，接着通过列举几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
语境猜词：①frame v． 把 …… 置于 …… 中
②more than 与其说 …… ( 不如说 …… )
内容细节巧判断
这类考题考查频率较低，常包括文章出处/类型题、读者对象题、后续内容题和写作手
法题等。一般来讲，文章出处/类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题
材来推断文章的出处或类别；读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章
的读者对象；后续内容推断题要求考生能根据整篇文章的情节发展预测文章的后续内容，这
种题型对考生的能力要求较高；写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。设问
方式主要有：Where is the text most probably taken from？(文章出处题) Which of the following
books is the text most likely selected from？(文章出处题) What is the text？(文章类型题) What
might the author continue talking about？(后续内容题) Who are the intended readers of the text？
(读者对象题) How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph？(写作手法题)
下面介绍部分题型的解题技法：
即时演练
A(文章出处题)
(2024·浙江湖丽衢三市二模)
Explore the science behind these amazing landscapesRetracing Charles Darwin’s travels across North Wales
13 May 2024|6 days
Uncover the best of Wales as you explore the dramatic Welsh landscapes of Eryri (Snowdonia)
National Park and examine the region geology and how it has been transformed by volcanic and
glacial activity over the years.Discover the story of Charles Darwin’s 1831 and 1842 tours of
Wales，and ①retrace his travels on this small group journey to Shrewsbury and Snowdonia.
The Rockies and the Badlands：Geology and dinosaurs in Canada
17 June 2024|7 days
Explore the majestic Rocky Mountains west of Calgary and the otherworldly Badlands to the
east，witness the stunning scenery and geology of southern Alberta.This tour includes two visits to
UNESCO World Heritage sites，where you will see first-hand the rugged peaks and glacial
features of the Banff portion of Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks and the bone-riddled badlands of
Dinosaur Provincial Park.
Short break：Dinosaurs and Hoodoos：Alberta
23 July 2024|3 days
Visit one of the world’s premier dinosaur museums，sail all the way around a World
Heritage site with outstanding dinosaur fossils and explore the multi-hued canyons and wind-
sculpted hoodoos(石林) of the Alberta Badlands.Throughout this tour，you will be accompanied
by paleontologist(古生物学家) Jon Noad，who will share the stories of the rocks，including tales
about past oceans，swamps，rivers and deserts，the rise and fall of the dinosaurs and，more
recently，ice sheets that covered Alberta and carved out ②spectacular landscapes.
1．Where is the passage probably taken from?
A．A research paper.
B．A science fiction novel.
C．A tourism report.
D．A travel brochure.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。根据全文内容，结合文章标题“Explore the science behind these amazing
landscapes”可知，文章介绍了三个关于神奇地质景观的旅行项目，应是出自一本旅游手册，
故选D。
语境猜词：①retrace v t . 重走 ( 别人走过的路线 )
②spectacular adj . 壮观的，令人惊叹的
B(文章类型题)
(2022·全国乙，B片段)
In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff
and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to
move to Elkhead，Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a
surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of
Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy
Woodruff’s granddaughter.
...
In Wickenden’s book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，
which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the
building of the railroads，which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding
snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the
people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff，on her horse，
looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow
all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes，
coyotes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.”
2．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
答案 B
解析 文章类型题。根据选段第一段最后一句和倒数第二段首句“In Wickenden’s book，
she expanded on...”以及末句“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to
Auburn.”以及最后一段前两句可推知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden写的一部书的内容，并
对其进行了评价，所以是一篇书评。故选B。
C(读者对象题)
(2024·广州天河区二模)
Some of the greatest discoveries in science have been completely accidental.Then again，
maybe science had a little help...
Ice Candy
One of America’s favorite summertime treats came about thanks to a particularly cold night
in the San Francisco Bay area in 1905.That’s when 11-year-old Frank Epperson forgot a glass
containing powdered soda mix，water and a wooden stick out at the doorway overnight.The next
morning，Frank discovered the mixture had frozen around the stick.He popped it out of the cup，
licked it...and summers were never the same!
Safety Glass
In 1903，French chemist Édouard Bénédictus accidentally dropped a glass bottle.To his
surprise，the glass cracked but wasn’t broken into pieces.Out of curiosity，he checked itcarefully.As it turned out，the bottle hadn’t been cleaned properly and was ①coated with a thin
②film of a kind of liquid plastic.A happy accident led to the discovery of safety glass.
YInMn Blue
In 2009，Mas Subramanian，a professor of materials science at Oregon State University，
was testing out new materials for electronics in his lab with graduate students.A mixture of metals
went into the furnace.What came out was a striking blue mixture.The first new blue since cobalt(深
蓝) was discovered in 1802，is called “YInMn Blue”．
Penicillin
In 1928，Scottish researcher Alexander Fleming returned to his lab after a two-week vacation
only to discover that mold(霉菌) from an open window had made an uncovered dish of bacteria
dirty.Strangely enough，the mold stopped the bacteria from growing，giving the world its first
antibiotic.
3．Who are the intended readers of the text?
A．Science students.
B．Curiosity seekers.
C．Science researchers.
D．The general public.
答案 D
解析 读者对象题。根据第一段“Some of the greatest discoveries in science have been
completely accidental.”以及下文对冰棒、安全玻璃、钇铟锰蓝、盘尼西林的发现过程的介绍
可知，这四个偶然的发现都与生活相关，故其目标读者为大众，是向大众介绍这些发现，故
选D。
语境猜词：①coat v．覆盖
②film n．薄层
D(后续内容题)
(2024·四川南充二模片段)
Plains bison spent thousands of years engineering a ①distinctive grassland ecology from
Northern Canada through Montana to Mexico.But more than a century ago ，this influence
suddenly stopped.A few decades of killing led the number of bison to fall suddenly from 60 million
to barely 800 living wild in the US and Canada by 1889.
Today，however，bison are getting a second chance.Tribal reservations are ②at the forefront
of their recovery，taking extra bison from Yellowstone National Park and restoring them to treaty
lands.Now some scientists are keeping close watch on the changes of the lands after the return of
bison.
4．What might the author continue talking about?
A．How bison get the second chance.B．How the return of bison affects the lands.
C．How scientists restore bison to treaty lands.
D．How the number of bison is back to its previous level.
答案 B
解析 后续内容题。根据最后一段中“Now some scientists are keeping close watch on the
changes of the lands after the return of bison.”可知，科学家正密切关注野牛回归后土地的变
化，可推知作者接下来可能会继续谈论野牛的回归对土地的具体影响。故选B。
语境猜词：①distinctive adj . 独特的，与众不同的
②at the forefront of 处于 …… 的前沿
E(写作手法题)
(2024·重庆二模片段)
Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily
①armed ②terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety ，they rushed the terrorist and
controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this ③split-second form of heroism.Why some
men rise to the occasion—and others don’t—has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have
explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
5．How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph?
A．By giving an example.
B．By presenting a concept.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By drawing a conclusion.
答案 A
解析 写作手法题。开篇“Three young American men were on a crowded train when they
encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the
terrorist and controlled him.”描述了三个年轻的美国人在拥挤的列车上不顾个人安危、挺身
而出，勇斗并制服全副武装的恐怖分子。这个具体的事例引出了本篇文章的主题——为什
么有的人能成为英雄。故选A。
语境猜词：①armed adj . 武装的
②terrorist n．恐怖分子
③split-second adj . 一瞬间作出的
