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题型 4 词句猜测题
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断
单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新
义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
词义猜测题
词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含
义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题
的设问方式主要有：What does the underlined word/phrase “...” in paragraph...mean/refer
to？What’s closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph...? Which of the following best explains
“...” underlined in paragraph...？Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase
“...” in paragraph...?
技法1 根据逻辑关系猜词义
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅱ，D片段)
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to
线索句
process as the computer code( 代码 ) that powers AI ，
信号词
Campbell has more than two decades ’ professional experience translating
线索句
the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle
验证句
of a business person rather than as an academic ， making for a guide which is highly accessible and
informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
设问方向：第二段中画线短语“In the wrong hands”的意思
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思
相反。
分析解题线索并推断词义：后面的句子提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折关系可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的
人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示
“如果是由能力不足的人写的”。
验证词义：后文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这
本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好，故C项正确。
技法归纳
即时演练
A(因果关系)
The discovery is momentous because microplastics are so small that scientists have struggled
to remove them from oceans，rivers，and other bodies of water.Typical wastewater treatment
plants simply do not have the technology to fully catch them so they often make their way to the
ocean，where they are likely to be eaten by fish.
1．What does the underlined word “momentous” probably mean?
A．Accidental. B．Significant.
C．Complex. D．Interesting.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的原因状语从句“because microplastics are so small that
scientists have struggled to remove them from oceans，rivers，and other bodies of water”以及后
文的补充可知，这一发现意义重大。故选B。
B(对比关系)
Monet was raised in Le Havre，Normandy.He became interested in the outdoors and drawing
from an early age.His mother Louise Justine Aubrée Monet endorsed his ambitions to be a
painter，while his father Claude Adolphe disapproved and wanted him to pursue a career in
business.However，Monet chose to follow his heart.
2．Which is closest in meaning to “endorsed”？
A．Fulfilled. B．Trusted.C．Supported. D．Confirmed.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子“while his father Claude Adolphe disapproved and
wanted him to pursue a career in business”可知前后为对比关系，妈妈支持他，然而爸爸反对。
故选C。
C(选择关系)
“For example，doctors could someday use the technology to help them decide whether to
continue or terminate the treatment of people with disorders，” Lanovaz，a researcher of the
study，said.
3．What does the underlined word “terminate” mean?
A．Postpone. B．Receive.
C．Stop. D．Refuse.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面 or 可知前后为选择关系，画线词与前面的单词
continue“继续”意义相反，故可以猜测画线词“terminate”是“停止”的意思。故选C。
D(递进关系)
Constantly，wetlands are “transition zones” between dry land and water.During floods，
they sponge up excess( 过 量 的 ) rainwater and even protect people from the damage of
flooding.On the coast，wetlands help reduce the impact of storm surge pushed onto land by
powerful storms like hurricanes.Protecting environment can help wildlife grow well and protect us
from the changing climate.
4．Which of the following best explains the underlined “sponge up”？
A．Block. B．Absorb.
C．Steam. D．Produce.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句的句意“在洪水期间，它们可以 过量的雨水，
甚至保护人们免受洪水的危害”可知，“and even”前后为递进关系，应同样表示湿地的好
处，且后半部分的程度应比前半部分深，结合常识可推知应是吸收过量的雨水，故画线词组
表示“吸收”。故选B。
技法2 根据语法关系猜词义
典例剖析 (2021·全国甲，C片段)
Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where
the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with
the local skaters.
原文关键词＝题干线索词—
↓We spoke our own language.And my favorite： Safe meant
信息句 信号词
cool.It meant hello.It meant don ’ t worry about it. Once，when trying a certain trick on the
beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping
me up：“Safe，man.Safe.” A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat
their boards loud，shouting：“ Safe! Safe! Safe ！ ” And that’s what mattered—landing
tricks，being a good skater.
分析句子，找寻语法关系信号词，做出猜测：
由信息句可知，信号词为meant，说明后面的内容是对前面的解释，所以根据后面的cool，
hello和don’t worry可知，safe在这一群人之间可以表示赞扬、问候或安慰，结合画线词是
朋友们在作者掌握一项技巧之后所说，故推断“Safe！Safe！Safe！”应该是赞扬的意思。
对比选项，确定答案：
对比选项知B项“做得好！”为正确答案。
29．What do the underlined words “ ?
设问方向：画线词“Safe！Safe！Safe！”的意思
A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don’t worry!
技法归纳
即时演练
1．Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.哑剧
2．Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read
intelligently.语义学
3．You may borrow from the library any periodicals：News Weekly，Reader’s Digest.期刊
4．I am a boy who likes reading and I read all kinds of books.When I do this，I have ended up
with two speeds—fast and slow depending on how worthwhile I find the book.I like to analyze andponder over the words and contents of the books，which can sharpen my mind.
What does the underlined phrase “ponder over” in this paragraph mean?
A．Think about. B．Speak out.
C．Cut down. D．Take over.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“the words and contents of the books，which can sharpen
my minds”可推知，作者喜欢分析和思考书中的文字和内容，这可以使他的头脑变得清晰。
故ponder over意为“考虑，琢磨”。故选A。
技法3 根据构词法猜词义
典例剖析 (2023·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed
exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy
if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical
foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so
many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of
the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the
digital declutter.
[1]判断画线词类型：派生词：词根clutter v．凌乱地塞满；乱堆放 n．杂乱的东西；杂乱
前缀de-为否定前缀，有去除之意
[2]初步确定词义：所猜词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”，
即“清理”
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end
[3]验证词义：画线词后句中的This process指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求
读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理，
推知declutter意为“清理”，备选项中，clear-up与此同义，故A项为正确答案。
of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that
you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital
declutter.In doing so，I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed
to perform a digital declutter.You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies
worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
29．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
设问方向：第三段中画线单词“declutter”的意思
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.技法归纳
即时演练
1．(合成词)Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries.Well-designed
tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(别扭的) hand
position.设计精良的
2．(派生词)Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least
80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.解毒
3．(转化词)Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO from the atmosphere
2
and helping to slow global warming.
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the paragraph means .
A．cleaning up B．taking in
C．wiping out D．giving up
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。mop本义为名词“拖把”，此处转化成了动词，与up构成短语，结合
句意可知，雨林应是吸收大气中的二氧化碳，所以画线短语与B项“吸收”同义。故选B。
技法4 根据上下文语境猜词义
上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据之一。在解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，
全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。有时，文章会在上下文中给出线索，考生可依此猜测画线部
分的含义。
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)
When reading texts of several hundred words or more ， learning is generally more successful when
it ’ s on paper than onscreen .A large amount of research confirms this finding.
线索1
The benefits of print reading particularly
线索2
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple线索3
tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction
—such as drawing inferences from a text.
28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
设问方向：画线短语“shine through”的意思
A．Seem unlikely to last.
B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use.
D．Become easy to notice.
瞻前顾后寻找线索：
线索1：当阅读几百或更多字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在电子屏幕上学习更成功。
线索2：阅读印刷品的好处尤其……
线索3：当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)到需要思维抽象的任
务(如从文本中推断)时。
分析解题线索并推断词义：
由画线词前面的线索1可知，在纸上学习非常有优势，线索2在程度上递进说优势尤其
，画线词后面的线索3提到当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时的情境，可以推测画线短语应
该是表示阅读印刷品的优势在此情境的特点，结合短语中shine“闪耀；出色”可推知，画
线短语应该意为“更为明显”。
对比选项，确定答案：
对比选项发现D项“容易被注意到”与猜测词义相近，故为正确答案。
技法归纳
即时演练
A(2023·全国甲，B片段)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)．Skilled at putting up
shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
1．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A．An artist. B．A winner.
C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together...”
可知她很擅长自己组装家具，可推知Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。C项最接近画线短语的
意思。故选C。
B
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)
Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the
project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
2．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线处前的“one of the first”以及后文“We are looking...bring to
people here.”可知，Wendy Wilson是这个项目的发起人之一，所以画线词的含义与 C项相
近。故选C。
代词指代题
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断
人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
常见的设问形式有：What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph...refer to?
典例剖析 (2024·浙江1月，B片段)
When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not
to shelter from the rain.Ages ago，right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose
was...2006.I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.
就近名词
Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for
解题关键句
me for nothing ， I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to代词位置：段末，应指代上文
make it seem a bit more “ young professional ” ．
24．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
设问方向：第一段画线代词“it”的指代对象
A．The play. B．The shared house.
C．The sofa. D．The telephone box.
寻找解题线索：代词it指代单数，可知指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。
分析关键句，识别指代内容：
关键句提到为了给一些有才华的演员留下深刻印象，让他们免费为“我”工作，“我”在沙
发上铺了一些垫子，点燃了蜡烛，为了让它看起来更“年轻专业”一点。此处的“它”应该
指代上文提到的“我的小旧合租房”。故答案选B。
技法归纳
即时演练
A
(2020·新课标Ⅰ，C片段)
In the mid-1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven
months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the
country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book，Chasing the
Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from
Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of
the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his
way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in
California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers.
1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。依据代词永远出现在原词之后可知，画线代词指代第一段最后一句的内
容，即that指的是“写一篇有关咸海消失的文章”这件事。故选D。
B
Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived ， rarely producing young successfully before age
nine.This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration
patterns.Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement” ， and until now it has been
hypothetical(假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.
2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据代词永远出现在原词之后可知，画线词 this的指代内容在前文中，
结合其所在部分“Researchers call this the ‘exploration-refinement’”可知，this的指代内
容包括探索和改进的过程，可推知this指代的是它们通过学习和练习来形成迁徙模式的方式。
故选C。
句意猜测题
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解
前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有： What does the underlined
expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean?
典例剖析 (2019·浙江，B片段)
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.
原文画线句
But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it
with pins and a sign that read，“ Give What You Can ， Take What You Need .”
关联信息句
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
设问方向：第一段画线句子“money with no strings attached”的意思
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
分析信息句，猜出画线句的句意：
定位原文画线句，找到后面的关键信息句“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”(给
出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的)，可知如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果需要钱，就可以拿走
钞票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。对比答案知C项符合，为正确答案。
技法归纳
即时演练
In the villages of the English countryside，there are still people who remember the good old
days when no one bothered to lock their doors.There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
Amazingly，these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community.A
new study by Dan Farmer，a gifted programmer，using an automated investigative program of his
own called SATAN，shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set
up home without fitting locks to their doors.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking(黑客的) tricks on an Internet site without
actually breaking in.Farmer has made the program publicly available，amid much criticism.A
person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle(入室盗窃)．
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Many Internet sites are not well protected.
B．Those happy times appear still to be with us.
C．There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
D．Hackers don’t actually break into an Internet site.
答案 A
解析 句意猜测题。返回原文，理清句子结构，画线句为shows的宾语从句，是Farmer所
做的研究的结果，根据所节选部分第一段可知过去人们不锁屋门，第二段首句提到这样不锁
门的情况似乎依然存在，再结合下一段提到Farmer的程序SATAN可以轻易地攻击网站可推
知，画线句子实际上指的是许多网站没有得到很好的保护。故选A。
