文档内容
题型 3 主旨大意题
主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是
作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关
键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握
篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨
大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主
旨和选定最佳标题。
段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提
炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。段落大意题常见设问形式：
What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about? What does paragraph...mainly talk about? What
does the writer try to express in paragraph...?
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack ，
Tindale says ， she was prepared to put him
关键信息1：案例①
to sleep ， but Farber ’ s treatments eased her dog ’ s suffering so much that she was able to keep
him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse ，
Nappy ， “ moves more easily
关键信息2：案例②
and rides more comfortably ” after a chiropractic adjustment.
串联各句内容，提炼段落主旨：
本段主要介绍了两个整体医学的具体的治疗案例：①Leigh Tindale的狗 Charlie 患心脏病，
采用整体医学治疗后，病情好转，能够多活5个月；②Priscilla Dewing家的马Nappy经过
整体医学治疗后移动更容易，骑着更舒适了。由此可知，本段主要通过这两个具体的治疗案
例来说明整体医学的有效性。
对比分析选项，确定答案：
对比选项发现，D项“整体医学的有效性”与本段主旨最为契合，为正确答案。
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
设问方向：第三段的段落大意
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work.C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
技法归纳
即时演练
A
(2023·全国乙，D片段)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not ①privilege one part
of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had
texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later
achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their
②concerns not only in writing but in things.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据选段内容可知，本段主要讲述的是历史应该如何被展示，即通过文
字和实物相结合。故选A。
语境猜词：①privilege v．给予特权，特别优待
②concern n．重要的事情
B
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，D片段)
...
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对
齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth.Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to produce
such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as
much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
[Analyses of a language ①database also confirmed that there was a global change in the soundof world languages after the Neolithic age ，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing
②remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of
many hunter-gatherer people today.]paragraph 5
...
2．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第五段，尤其是其中的“Analyses of a language database also
confirmed”可知，本段主要提出支持上文研究结果的证据。故选A。
语境猜词：①database n． ( 计算机 ) 数据库，资料库
②remarkably ad v . 不寻常地，惊人地
文章大意题
文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文
主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，
概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意题常见设问形式：What is the text mainly about？What’s the
main idea of the text？What is mainly talked about in the text?
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅱ，C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However，most produce at the store went
through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer ’ s
markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey ， Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even
more.[第一段主题句]
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a
larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort
to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.[第二段主题句]
Specifically ， it ’ s a farm that relies on new technology. [第三段主题句] By connecting
through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides
growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of
water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right
amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容
器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover，having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放)[关键信息] from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there ’ s no need for
pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment[关键
信息 第四段大意]．
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.[第五段主题句] About half of
them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by
limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，
carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨：
①第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输过程影响新鲜度的问题导入，引出巴比伦微
农场(BMF)，指出其大大缩短运输路程的优势。
②第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过创新型设计来保证新鲜蔬菜供应。
③第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠的新技术及其带来的优势。
④第四段和第五段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优势。
综合以上段意可知，本文主要介绍巴比伦微农场(BMF)的优势。
对比分析选项，确定答案：
对比选项发现，A项“巴比伦微农场(BMF)的主要优势”与文章主旨最为契合，为正确答案。
31．What does the text mainly talk about?
设问方向：本文的大意
A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management.
C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards.
技法归纳
即时演练 (2023·浙江1月，B)
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re
looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle，not everyone around you will be ready to jump on
that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago，as I was
living with my parents，and I continue to experience this with my husband ，as he is not
completely zero waste like me.I’ve learned a few things along the way though，which I hopeyou’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in
a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents
a video of Bea Johnson，sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars，and
have so little trash! A few days later，I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries，and
my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit
discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued，I did what I could that was within my own
reach.I had my own bedroom，so I worked on removing things I didn’t need.Since I had my own
toiletries(洗漱用品)，I was able to start ①personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also
offered to cook ②every so often，so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste
groceries.Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch，but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes，you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself
if others comment on what you’re doing，which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If
you have individuals who are not ③on board，your words probably won’t do much and can often
leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice：Lead by action.
What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者是如何在家庭
中践行零浪费的生活方式的。故选C。
语境猜词：①personalise v．使个性化，为个人特制
②every so often偶尔，间或
③on board支持
标题归纳题
标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中
心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题
进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。标题归纳题常见设问形式：Which is
the most suitable title for the text？What can be a suitable title for the text？Which of the
following would be the best title for the passage？Which of the following can serve as the best titlefor the passage?
典例剖析 (2024·全国甲，B)
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance，almost all animals have
distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or
look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.[第一段主题
句] They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to
interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry ， it will keep meowing to attract attention and find
food.However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft
meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s
attention and be fed.
串联各段落大意，提炼文章主旨：
①第一段段意：猫是一种特殊的动物，拥有惊人的发声技能。
Cats have many heightened senses ， but their sense of smell is quite impressive. [第二段主题
句] They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will
sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However，another way the cats are able
to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your
face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most
pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don’t
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit ， but cats take this behavior up a notch. [第
三段主题句] Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a
very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物)．Cats bring gifts for their
owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been
in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it!
②第二段段意：猫有许多敏锐的感官，尤其是它们的嗅觉更令人印象深刻。
③第三段段意：猫的抓取能力很强。
综合以上段意可知，本文主要介绍猫的一些行为习惯以及背后的原因和意义。
对比分析选项，确定答案：
对比选项发现，B项“了解你的猫的行为”概括精准，统领全文，为正确答案。其他干扰项：
A项“找一只聪明猫的小贴士”，C项“和你的猫玩得开心”和D项“如何让你的猫保持健
康”都偏离了主题。
27．What is a suitable title for the text?
设问方向：适合本文的标题
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
技法归纳即时演练 (2024·浙江1月，D)
The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by ①psychologist Walter
Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A
single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited
for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left
alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an
ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted(诱惑) by
sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the
global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to
preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our
brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of
reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the
cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of
years ago，and this ②mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting
foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a
species was ③information-poor ， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new
information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now
④ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more
thoughtful about our caloric consumption ， we also need to be more thoughtful about our
information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Eat Less，Read More
B．The Bitter Truth About Early Humans
C．The Later，the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作
为成年人也每天都在面对“棉花糖测试”，需要抵抗各种电子设备带来的海量信息的诱惑，
所以D项“成年人的棉花糖测试”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D。
语境猜词：①psychologist n．心理学家
②mismatch n．不协调；错配
③information-poor adj . 信息贫乏的
④ceaselessly ad v . 不停地
