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类型 2 句组层次题
根据词语复现选词
词语复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/近义词(如difficult与challenging)、同源词(如
happy与happiness)、上下义(如vegetable与eggplant)、反义词(如wrong与right)等形式在同
一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，我们可以借助这一衔接手
段解答完形填空题。
典例剖析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
I ’ ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks ’ achievements all my life .
关键信息句 关键复现词：与选项B为原词复现
When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend won a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I
started running regularly，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she
was training for a “super”，referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went
on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I hated it! Between the girl making my 45 seem
small
空格前后关键信息
and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only reason why I’d ever run again is if a
big dog was running after me!
A．advantage B．achievement
C．contribution D．influence
[1]对比上下文与选项看是否有词语复现：第一段的 achievements与B项achievement为原词
复现。
[2]“瞻前顾后”找规律：第一段句意：在我的生活中，别人的成就一直激励着我，也让我
失去动力。空处前后意为：让我的 显得微不足道。根据这两处信息推断：别人的成就
会激励“我”，也会让“我”感到没有动力，空处应该是别人的成绩让“我”的成就显得非
常渺小，所以就没有了信心。
[3]复核验证，确定答案：把achievement填到空处后，句意通顺，上下文逻辑通畅，故B项
为答案。
技法归纳即时演练
1．同/近义词复现
(2020·全国Ⅱ)It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he researched it，he
only found “Bonnard，” a French he had never heard of.He bought a book and was
surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden
as his father’s painting.
A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
答案 A
解析 由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on
the same chair”可知，此处表示一位法国画家(painter)。artist与painter是近义词。故选A。
2．同源词复现
(2022·全国乙)We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at
USC.Each sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.
A．parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
答案 B
解析 根据上文“We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at
USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
3．上下义复现
(2021·新课标Ⅰ)Our in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach
icing(糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.
A．joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜) ears...from the belt.”可知，
这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示
“职责，作用”，故选C。
根据作者情感态度选词在做完形填空题时，考生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度
和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情和意
愿。考生做题时要抓住这个线索，根据态度一致原则，进行合理推测，从而快速确定某些题
目的正确答案。
典例剖析 (2024·全国甲)
My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.I am 56 that I did not need to go
through the hardships like she did.
A．grateful B．surprised
C．convinced D．regretful
分析 根据上文“My childhood is...hers.”可知，与她(此处指作者的祖母)的童年相比，作者
的童年是相当幸福的。由此可推知，作者很感激(grateful)自己不需要经历像祖母经历过的那
样的困难。故选A。
即时演练
1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ)He was so and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to
know that I had helped bring this family together again.
A．thankful B．generous
C．proud D．sympathetic
答案 A
解析 thankful感激的；generous慷慨的；proud骄傲的；sympathetic同情的。根据下文
“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”和“I had helped bring this family together again”可
推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。
2．(2021·全国乙)Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was
considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much
easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude(感谢)．
...
She was for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
A．grateful B．thoughtful
C．sorrowful D．fearful
答案 A
解析 依据上文中的“gratitude(感谢)”可知，此处是她感激医护人员为她做的一切。故选
A。
3．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)Dad .The son of a grocer，he’d spent the summers of his
childhood delivering food in Bernardsville，New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you
appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work，he told me.
A．cried B．smiledC．hesitated D．refused
答案 B
解析 根据下文说到的作者的父亲童年时期的“打工”经历可知，作者的父亲是理解作者当
下的感受的，所以他会心一笑(smile)。因此选B。
根据语境暗示选词
完形填空的每一道题都有依据，考生须在上下文中寻找依据。有时候问题的答案只需要
考虑设空处所在句或该句的上文或下文，但有时需综合考虑上下文。总结成口诀：每道题必
有据，上下求索找信息。
典例剖析 (2024·新课标Ⅱ)
After I made Italy my permanent home，
I discovered how 46 Italians are.
[1]定位设空句关键信息1
Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the
window in my car when rain is coming.
关键信息2
A．open-minded B．strong-willed
C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
[2]上下求索，找出关键信息：根据下文关键信息1：邻居们会给“我”送来新鲜的奶酪和关
键信息2：下雨的时候会来“我”家门口提醒我关上车窗，可推知作者发现意大利人都很热
心。
[3]对比选项，得出答案：对比四个选项，可知C项“warm-hearted”热心的符合句意，故
选C。
技法归纳
即时演练
1．上文信息
(2024·浙江 1 月)While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in
northwestern China，I had the kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful
encounter with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man approached me on thetrain.My friend spoke virtually no English，so I happily took the chance to practice my
Chinese.
A．true B．so-called
C．new D．long-lost
答案 C
解析 true真的；so-called所谓的；new新的；long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“I had the
kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful encounter with a local that all
travelers long for”可知，两人是新认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
2．上下文信息
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten
minutes.He was uncomfortable ， and his crying let the whole campground know it.So
tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It worked—he didn’t end up in the creek.
A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
答案 B
解析 due to由于；instead of代替，而不是；apart from除了；as for至于。根据上文“He
was uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a
close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上
绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。
