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作业 46 四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空
(分值：40分)
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2024·湖南怀化一模)
The world’s largest ape Gigantopithecus blacki(G.blacki) vanished from Earth between
295,000 and 215,000 years ago，more than 100,000 years earlier than once thought，pushed to
extinction as the environment around it shifted，researchers reported recently in Nature.
The fate of G．blacki，twice the size of the largest modern apes and resembling a super-sized
version of its close cousin，the orangutan，has long been a mystery.For about 2 million years，
G.blacki inhabited a landscape of forests and grasses in what’s now southern China.It left behind
only scattered remnants：thousands of teeth and four jawbones，unearthed in cave sediments in
the region.
To establish a chronology(年表) for the ape’s extinction，paleoanthropologist Yingqi Zhang
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and his colleagues used different dating techniques
to determine the ape’s habits，diet and environment.In the teeth，they looked for data on the
ape’s diet，measuring isotopes(同位素) of carbon and oxygen as well as examining the teeth for
tiny evidence of wear and tear—which can reveal not only diet，but also give hints of repeated
behaviors and stress.The team also analyzed the cave sediments bearing the fossils，hunting for
fossil pollen and conducting luminescence dating(释光测年) on radioactive elements within the
sediments.
The team’s reconstruction revealed that around 700,000 to 600,000 years ago，southern
China shifted from its forested landscape to a more seasonally-driven environment.Some apes，
including the orangutans，were able to adapt to these changes.But G．blacki was unable to change
rapidly enough，and its numbers slowly dwindled before going extinct，the team suggested.
The assembled evidence told a convincing story that “the extinction of G．blacki coincided
in southern China with a decrease of forest cover and expansion of savanna-like environments，”
said Hervé Bocherens，a biogeologist at the University of Tuebingen in Germany.Still，he said，
documenting the extinction of this species from the fossil record is tricky—and it’s impossible to
rule out the possibility that pockets of G．blacki may have lingered in still-undiscovered caves for
longer.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了研究发现步氏巨猿远比人们所认为的灭绝得更
早。
1．What can be known about G．blacki according to paragraph 2?A．G.blacki shared certain similarities with the orangutan.
B．G.blacki was twice heavier than modern apes.
C．G.blacki lived in places full of basins and deserts.
D．G.blacki might have thousands of teeth.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fate of G．blacki，twice the size of the largest modern
apes and resembling a super-sized version of its close cousin，the orangutan，has long been a
mystery.”可知，步氏巨猿就像放大版的红毛猩猩，即它和红毛猩猩之间有一定相似性，故
选A。
2．What did Zhang and his workmates do to figure out information related to G．blacki?
A．They checked the situation of G．blacki.
B．They repeated the behaviors done by G．blacki.
C．They applied radioactive elements to the analysis of the cave sediments.
D．They measured isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in G．blacki’s diet.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“To establish a chronology(年表) for the ape’s
extinction...to determine the ape’s habits，diet and environment.”可知，为了弄明白步氏巨猿
的灭绝时间，张和其团队研究了步氏巨猿的习性、饮食、生活环境等状况，故选A。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 4?
A．Increased. B．Reduced.
C．Unchanged. D．Multiplied.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“But G．blacki was unable to change rapidly enough”以及
画线词后的“before going extinct”可知，步氏巨猿无法足够快地适应变化，其数量应是先
慢慢减少，最后灭绝，dwindled意为“减少”，故选B。
4．What can we learn from Bocherens’ words?
A．Many hands make light work.
B．One good turn deserves another.
C．Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps.
D．Experience must be bought.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still，he said，documenting the extinction...still-
undiscovered caves for longer.”可知，Bocherens对最新研究成果持保守态度，认为根据化石
记录弄明白物种灭绝事件很难，并且不能排除一些步氏巨猿在尚未被发现的洞穴中存活了更
久的可能性，故我们能从中学到：认知是循序渐进的，不能一跃而就，故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东湛江高三二模)
As an assistant manager at a restaurant，I encountered a heart-warming experience.One day，
a father and his young son 1 the restaurant and spent a very long time looking through the
menu. 2 ，the father came up and started asking me about 3 because his son was allergic
to some food.
At some point，the boy，who was probably six or seven， 4 me a laminated(用薄片覆
盖的) card that listed all his allergies.They were a lot.It was 5 for me to remember them，
and I didn’t know what the seasoning mixtures were，so I asked to borrow the 6 so I could
go check.He 7 ，and off I went.
It 8 that many of our seasoning and sauces contained allergens for the boy.After much
effort，I found a 9 option for him and took extra precautions due to his meat allergy.The
father was grateful and explained they had 10 to find suitable dining options.This 11 the
beginning of a special connection，as they became 12 customers，visiting at least once a
week.
The positive 13 I received was a heartening reminder that through genuine care and
understanding，we can make a 14 .It reinforces my commitment to ensure that each guest’s
experience is memorable and that they can 15 their unique needs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者作为一家餐厅的助理经理，为对多种食物过
敏的小男孩定制菜品的暖心故事。
1．A.entered B．denied
C．noticed D．checked
答案 A
解析 enter进入；deny否认；notice注意到；check检查。根据下文“spent a very long time
looking through the menu”可知，应是先进入餐厅，然后浏览菜单。故选A。
2．A.Formally B．Gradually
C．Immediately D．Eventually
答案 D
解析 formally正常地；gradually逐渐地；immediately立即；eventually最后。根据上文可
知，这位父亲花了很长时间浏览菜单，所以是最后走过来问问题。故选D。
3．A.expenses B．ingredients
C．tastes D．quantities
答案 B
解析 expense费用；ingredient材料，成分；taste口味；quantity数量。根据下文“because
his son was allergic to some food”可知，小男孩对一些食物过敏，所以父亲询问的是有关食物材料的问题。故选B。
4．A.wrote B．drew
C．handed D．lent
答案 C
解析 write写；draw画；hand递；lend借出。根据下文“They were a lot.”并结合语境可
知，男孩递给作者一张列出所有过敏原的卡片。故选C。
5．A.interesting B．enjoyable
C．useless D．impossible
答案 D
解析 interesting有趣的；enjoyable令人愉快的；useless无用的；impossible不可能的。根
据上文“They were a lot.”可知，男孩的过敏原很多，所以作者不可能记住它们。故选D。
6．A.card B．boy
C．money D．menu
答案 A
解析 card卡片；boy男孩；money钱；menu菜单。根据上文“a laminated(用薄片覆盖的)
card”可知，男孩给作者递了一张卡片，作者要求借用卡片以便去核实。card是原词复现。
故选A。
7．A.hesitated B．agreed
C．cried D．laughed
答案 B
解析 hesitate犹豫；agree答应；cry哭；laugh大笑。根据下文“and off I went”可知，男
孩同意了作者的请求。故选B。
8．A.came to B．looked like
C．ended up D．turned out
答案 D
解析 come to来到；look like看起来像；end up结果，最终；turn out结果是，事实证明。
上文提到作者去核实菜品材料，故此处是指结果。故选D。
9．A.clever B．cheap
C．safe D．new
答案 C
解析 clever聪明的；cheap便宜的；safe安全的；new新的。上文提到多数材料都会令男孩
过敏，结合“After much effort”可知，作者终于为小男孩找到了一个安全的选择。故选C。
10．A.struggled B．pretended
C．decided D．forgotten
答案 A解析 struggle努力；pretend假装；decide决定；forget忘记。根据本句的过去完成时态以及
空后的“to find suitable dining options”可知，他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。
struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”。故选A。
11．A.designed B．broke
C．marked D．kept
答案 C
解析 design设计；break打破；mark标志；keep保持。根据下文可知，父子俩成了餐馆的
常客，所以那一次就餐标志着一种特殊联系的开始。故选C。
12．A.private B．regular
C．normal D．curious
答案 B
解析 private私人的；regular有规律的，经常的；normal正常的；curious好奇的。根据下
文“visiting at least once a week”可知，父子俩成了餐馆的常客。故选B。
13．A.lesson B．present
C．envy D．response
答案 D
解析 lesson课，教训；present礼物；envy羡慕；response回应。根据上文可知，父子俩成
为常客是作者得到的积极回应。故选D。
14．A.difference B．change
C．sense D．promise
答案 A
解析 difference差异；change改变；sense意义；promise承诺。make a difference意为“有
影响；起(重要)作用”。此处指通过真正的关心和理解，我们可以有所作为。故选A。
15．A.accept B．promote
C．tailor D．dismiss
答案 C
解析 accept 接受；promote 促进；tailor 定制；dismiss 解雇。根据下文“their unique
needs”可知，此处指顾客可以定制他们的独特需求。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南益阳三模)
Chinese New Year，also known as the Spring Festival or Lunar New Year，is a vibrant and
festive celebration 1. (mark) the beginning of the lunar calendar.This annual event
2.______________(root) in Chinese culture，symbolizing renewal，family reunions，and guiding
in of good fortune.
The festivities typically span 15 days, 3. colorful parades，dragon and liondances crowding the streets.Families come together for plentiful feasts，exchanging gifts，and
paying 4. (respect) to ancestors.The air is filled with the sounds of joyous laughter
and traditional music.
One of the 5. (much) iconic features of Chinese New Year is the red decorations
brightening homes and streets.Red symbolizes good luck and 6. (prosper) in Chinese
culture.People also participate in the tradition of giving and receiving red envelopes containing
lucky money，known as “hongbao”，as 7. gesture of good wish and well-
being.
As the Year of the Dragon ， Loong Year is particularly auspicious ， believed
8.__________________(bring) strength，vitality，and success.People across the globe join in the
festivities，creating a sense of unity and shared celebration.
Chinese New Year is a time-honored tradition that 9. (exceed) borders
emphasizing the importance of family，cultural heritage,10. the hopeful anticipation
of a prosperous year ahead.
1．答案 marking
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知mark与逻辑主语celebration构成主动关系，故
用现在分词作后置定语。故填marking。
2．答案 is rooted
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语This annual event与谓语构成被动关系，结合
本句描述一般事实可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用 is。故填is
rooted。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，作伴随状语，表示“有”，应用介词with。故填with。
4．答案 respects
解析 考查名词的复数。短语pay respects to表示“向……致敬”。故填respects。
5．答案 most
解析 考查最高级。根据上文One of the以及句意可知为最高级，应用most。故填most。
6．答案 prosperity
解析 考查名词。作动词的宾语，应用名词prosperity，不可数。故填prosperity。
7．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且gesture是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，
故填a。
8．答案 to bring
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构“sth be believed to do sth”，表示“某事物被认
为……”。故填to bring。9．答案 exceeds
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上文is可知为一般现在时，定语从句谓语的数与先
行词tradition保持一致，用第三人称单数。故填exceeds。
10．答案 and
解析 考查连词。结合语境可知前后为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
