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作业 43 四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2024·山东青岛一模)
At a conference last week，I received an interesting piece of advice：“Assume you are
wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek ，a fellow psychology professor.He wasn’t
objecting to any particular claim I’d made—he was offering a strategy for pursuing better
science，and for encouraging others to do the same.
To understand the context for Nosek’s advice，we need to take a step back—to the nature of
science itself.Despite what many of us learned in elementary school，there is no single scientific
method.Just as scientific theories change，so do scientific methods.
Assuming you are right might be a motivating force，sustaining the enormous effort that
conducting scientific work requires.But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal
attacks，and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles.Beginning，instead，from
the assumption you are wrong，a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer ，a
constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic probably shares.
Nosek’s advice may sound pessimistic，but it’s not so foreign to science.Philosophers of
science sometimes refer to the “pessimistic meta-induction(元归纳)” on the history of science:
All of our past scientific theories have been wrong，so surely our current theories will turn out to
be wrong，too.That doesn’t mean we haven’t made progress，but it does indicate that there is
always room for improvement—ways to be less wrong.
I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and the readiness to
accept the unknown(“there are things I do not know！”) along with a sense that we can do
better(“there are things I do not know yet！”)．It also builds in a sense of community—we’re
all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.Perhaps the focus on a
shared goal—our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong—can help make up for any
harm in scientific motivation or communication.
1．Why did Nosek send the advice?
A．To express opinions about the author’s claims.
B．To remind the author to be open to criticism.
C．To encourage the author to take up science.
D．To better the author’s understanding of psychology.
2．How does assuming you are wrong help?
A．It motivates scientists to make efforts.
B．It addresses personal attacks and conflicts.C．It sets a constructive improvement goal.
D．It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself.
3．What does the author think of science theories?
A．Dynamic. B．Testable.
C．Pioneering. D．Well-established.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Accept the Unknown
B．Aim to Be Less Wrong
C．Get Engaged in Psychology
D．Dig into the Nature of Science
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·广东广州一模)
I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift.I took a 1 as the snowstorm was
approaching.
Then the snow started and was coming down 2 .Within minutes I was in a white-out.The
windows were 3 and getting covered with snow，so I slowed down and rolled down my
driver’s side window，thinking I could better 4 the road edge and keep to a straight line.But
really，I had no 5 where I was.I stopped and kept the car running to stay 6 .I called
911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.
The call left me in 7 .Breathe，I told myself.An idea occurred to me.I 8 my
location online and explained what I was 9 ，wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.Soon
enough，people started chiming in on my post.I got a 10 from someone who was going to put
me in touch with people nearby.I had never been more 11 .
Then I saw a big 12 in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me， 13 the
wind and snow each step of the way.“You’ll be OK.Follow me.” He turned around and started
to trudge through the snow，sure of the 14 .I drove slowly behind him.When we reached his
house，I burst into tears of 15 .
1．A.shortcut B．turn
C．look D．risk
2．A.soon B．fast
C．lightly D．suddenly
3．A.locked B．closed
C．frozen D．broken
4．A.follow B．cover
C．mark D．remember
5．A.plan B．clueC．doubt D．problem
6．A.awake B．calm
C．warm D．still
7．A.confusion B．trouble
C．embarrassment D．panic
8．A.confirmed B．found
C．posted D．checked
9．A.looking at B．going through
C．searching for D．carrying out
10．A.tip B．view
C．like D．message
11．A.inspired B．relieved
C．convinced D．amazed
12．A.policeman B．creature
C．shadow D．figure
13．A.fighting B．avoiding
C．checking D．reporting
14．A.goal B．danger
C．depth D．direction
15．A.hope B．love
C．gratitude D．pride
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·江苏连云港二模)
It is believed that Chinese knotting，also known as zhongguojie，originated for recording
information and exchanging messages 1. writing was invented.Over the past
thousands of years ， knots 2. (play) an important part in the life of
Chinese.3.____________________(initial)，Chinese knots acted as good-luck charms to drive
away evil spirits.Today，Chinese knots are widely used to decorate homes during festivities.
A major characteristic of Chinese knots is that they are often tied from a single continuous
length of string.The knots are commonly named 4. the shape it takes.Chinese knots
are created in a 5. (various) of colors such as gold，green，blue，or black，though
the most commonly used color is red,6. symbolizes good luck and prosperity.
Crafting the Chinese knot is a three-step process 7. (involve) tying knots，
tightening them and adding the finishing touches.The knots 8. (pull) tightly together
and are strong enough to be used for binding or wrapping，making them very practical.
Today，most of such knots are often mass manufactured in factories.Skilled knot artistsweave complex knots that you might see 9. (sell) as souvenirs that you can take back
with you.If you have time，why not try your hand at it? Perhaps these age-old charms can add
10._________________ touch of good luck to your daily life?
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议
的看法，并肯定了它所带来的好处。
1．B [推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第三段末句可知，Nosek提出的这条建议是一个追
求更好科学的策略，从“假设自己错了”开始，就会更容易接受批评，让自己减少错误，由
此可推测出，Nosek提出这条建议是为了提醒作者对批评持开放态度。故选B。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段末句可知，“假设你错了”让你将批评视为
减少错误的建设性建议，让你意识到永远有进步的空间，由此可推测出，“假设你错了”可
以帮助设立一个建设性的改进目标。故选C。]
3．A [观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Just as scientific theories change，so do scientific
methods.”可知，作者认为科学理论是不断发展变化的。故选A。]
4．B [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句和最后一段最后一句可知，本文主要
讨论了在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这个方法，它有助于让所有人关注减少错误这一共同
目标，从而让科学取得进步，由此可推测出，B项“力求减少错误”是本文的最佳标题。故
选B。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车
中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人的救援，并被引领至安全之地的
经历。
1．A [shortcut近路。根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”及“But really，I had
no where I was.”可知，由于暴风雪即将来临，作者走了一条近路，结果遇到了
麻烦。故选A。]
2．B [根据下文“Within minutes I was in a white-out.”可知，雪下得很快，故选B。]
3．C [根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分
析待选项，C项“frozen”表示的含义符合语境，故选C。]
4．A [根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处说的是沿着路边行驶以保持直行，故选A。]
5．B [根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911.”可知，作者因暴
风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里，故选B。]
6．C [still静止的。根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来但保持
汽车运转(开着空调)。由此可知，作者试图通过保持汽车运转的方式保暖，故选C。]
7．D [根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.”可知，作
者向911求救，却被告知要等一晚上，因此感到惊慌失措，故选D。]
8．C [根据下文“Soon enough，people started chiming in on my post.”可知，作者在网上发
布了自己的位置，故选C。]
9．B [go through 经历，遭遇；search for 查找；carry out 执行。根据下文“wishing for
anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者讲述的是自己正遭遇的事情，故选B。]
10．D [tip建议，小费。根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可
知，作者收到了一条消息，故选D。]
11．B [根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有
陌生人试图帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负，故选B。]
12．D [根据下文“in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，此处说的是
一个身形高大的人，故选D。]
13．A [根据上文“Then the snow started and was coming down .Within minutes I
was in a white-out.”可知，前来帮助作者的人顶着大风大雪前来，分析选项，A项“fighting
与……作斗争”表达的含义符合语境，故选A。]
14．D [根据上文“Follow me.”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，故选D。]
15．C [gratitude感激。根据上文“But really，I had no where I was.”以及“When
we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路，被陌生人帮助。由此可知，作者心怀感
激，故选C。]
Ⅲ.1.before 2.have played 3.Initially 4.after 5.variety
6．which 7.involving 8.are pulled 9.sold 10.a
