文档内容
作业 51 四选一阅读＋七选五阅读
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·福建漳州三模)
I love learning about customs and ①practices in other countries.For this post，I asked all of
my friends in the Multicultural Kid Blogger group to give me their favorite birthday traditions!
CHINA
The most special of the birthday traditions in China is for babies.New parents give red eggs(an
even number) to friends and family for good luck.Common presents include food，silverware，
and money wrapped in red paper.On birthdays，it is common to eat longevity noodles(长寿面)
without breaking them for good luck to live a long life.
ISRAEL
Sometimes children in Israel wear a crown(花冠) made from leaves or flowers for their
birthday.The birthday child sits in a chair，and gets picked up and raised and ②lowered the chair
one time for each year of age，plus one more for good luck.Guests at the birthday party sing and
dance around the chair.At birthday parties，kids often play games，such as races with potatoes on
spoons.
GHANA
In Ghana，one of the most common birthday traditions is that kids get to eat oto for
breakfast：sweet potatoes mixed with onions，made into patties，and fried with hard boiled
eggs.Later in the day，Ghanaians sometimes have a party for the child with stew，rice，and
kelewele.At the party，girls often like to play a game called ampe.
MEXICO
Mexico families love parties，and celebrate birthdays en grande(盛大地)．The 15th
birthday，quinceañera is the most important，formal，and ③well-prepared.Mexicans always
sing Las Mañanitas to wake up the child on their birthdays.When the birthday girl or boy blows
out their candles，guests call for them to ④take a bite of the cake(“mordida-mordida！”) and
always push their face into the frosting.A Mexican birthday party always has a piñata filled with
little toys and candies.
1．What do parents both in China and Ghana do for their kids’ birthdays?
A．Offer them a special food.
B．Give them money in red papers.
C．Play a unique game with them.
D．Make a special clothing for them.2．What do kids in Mexico get for their birthdays?
A．A blessing song.
B．A beautiful crown.
C．Red eggs.
D．A wonderful breakfast.
3．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A noticeboard.
B．A travel guidebook.
C．A website.
D．A geography magazine.
语境猜词
①practice熟义：n.实践；练习
生义(文义)：
②lower(转)adj.→v.
③well-prepared(合)＝well＋prepared
④take a bite of
B
(2024·河北衡水模拟预测)
Out of all fields of science，physics has a reputation for being difficult to the general
public.On top of complex formulas(公式)，the abstract concepts that make it up are sometimes
simply hard to grasp.That’s why professor Tatiana Erukhimova works alongside the team of the
Physics & Astronomy department at Texas A & M University(TAMU) to produce a series of videos
showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and ①insightful way that has earned her fans
around the world.
Not only are the explanations in every video easy to follow，but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm
is what truly keeps the viewer engaged.For example，in one video，the cheerful professor
explains the physics of pressure.To demonstrate how distributing weight allows ②seemingly fragile
objects to carry heavier loads，the teacher excitedly steps on a tiny board with lightbulbs and then
proceeds to replicate(复制) the experiment with eggs—until it takes an unexpected turn.
Erukhimova’s unique teaching method comes from her hope to get students interested
through ③demonstrative classes.“You get this ‘wow factor’ and then it’s easier to find
resonance(共鸣)，” she said.“I like what I teach，and I try to share my excitement with
them.”
Born to physicist parents，Erukhimova has had a unique ④attachment to the field since she
was very little.“My passion for physics is just in my genes，and I cannot imagine my life without
physics，” she explained.After being offered a position at Texas A & M almost 25 years ago，Erukhimova moved from Russia to Texas.Since then，she has won over both university students
and casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science.
While she is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video，getting them
interested and curious about learning more is all worth it.
4．Why does physics seem difficult to the general public?
A．It has many formulas.
B．It’s boring and useless.
C．Its concepts are abstract.
D．Access to educational resources is limited.
5．What makes Erukhimova’s videos popular?
A．Her family background.
B．Her respect for her students.
C．Her vivid language and personality.
D．Her enthusiasm and teaching method.
6．What does Erukhimova hope to achieve through her demonstrative classes?
A．Winning over casual viewers and fans.
B．Getting students interested in physics.
C．Sharing her excitement about physics.
D．Improving students’ academic performance.
7．What can be learned about Erukhimova?
A．She has many hobbies.
B．She is a famous scientist.
C．She is devoted to her job.
D．She earns a very high salary.
语境猜词
①insightful(派)＝insight＋ful
②seemingly(派)＝seeming＋ly
③demonstrative(派)＝demonstrat(e)＋ive
④attachment(派)＝attach＋ment
C
(2024·福建泉州二模)
When delivering medications to patients ， one of the most effective methods is direct
injection( 注 射 ) into the ①bloodstream using a needle.But this can be an uncomfortable
experience，especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles.While patients do have the option to
take oral pills instead，drugs containing large molecules(分子) are not absorbed effectively this
way.Now，inspired by octopus suckers(章鱼吸盘)，researchers from China and Switzerland have
designed a ②needle-free alternative: a tiny，drug-filled，cup-like patch(贴片) that sticks to the
inside of the cheeks.The device is easily accessible，and it can be removed at any time and the
drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek，the team reports in a paper in Science
Translational Medicine.
To test the design，the team 3D printed the suckers.They loaded each with the drug and stuck
them inside the cheeks of three beagles，a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to
humans.For comparison，they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill.After three hours，the
team found that drug blood ③concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times
higher than in the dogs that took a tablet.They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with
large molecules.
40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay
on while talking and moving their mouths.After 30 minutes，only five of the 40 patches had fallen
off，which was because of improper ④placement.Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch
over injections for daily applications.
Still，the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what
would happen if it was used repeatedly.They’d also need to determine which drugs would work
with the technology: the target is large molecules ， such as those used to treat obesity or
osteoporosis，but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.
8．Why do the researchers develop the patch?
A．To help patients overcome the fear of needles.
B．To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly.
C．To offer a better way of drug delivery.
D．To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills.
9．What does the research on dogs prove?
A．It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches.
B．The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans.
C．Patches fall easily with their mouth movement.
D．Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills.
10．Which of the following can best describe the device?
A．Innovative and profitable.
B．Effective and user-friendly.
C．Affordable and accessible.
D．Flexible and long-lasting.
11．What does the last paragraph stress?
A．The related issues to be solved.
B．The risk of using patches repeatedly.C．The way to identity large molecules.
D．The trouble of improving the technology.
语境猜词
①bloodstream(合)＝blood＋stream
②needle-free(合)＝needle-free
③concentration (派)＝concentrate＋ion
④placement(派)＝place＋ment
D
(2024·江苏南通三模)
Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a
①genetic component of human behavior.Whatever it is，you cannot but recognize the effect
competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life.
Psychologically speaking，competition has been seen as an ②unavoidable consequence of
human drives.According to Sigmund Freud，humans are born screaming for attention and full of
organic drives for fulfillment in various areas.Initially，we compete for the attention of our
parents.
Current work in anthropology(人类学) has suggested，however，that this view of the role of
competition in human behavior may be a fallacy.Thomas Hobbes，one of the great philosophers
of the seventeenth century，is perhaps best remembered for his ③characterization of the “natural
world”，that is，the world before the introduction of the will of humanity，as being unpleasant
and short.This opinion is still widely held，reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential
work ， The Origin of Species ， which established the doctrine( 学 说 ) of natural
selection.Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”—a phrase
Darwin himself never used—further highlighting competition’s role in success.As it has often
been pointed out，however，there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that
competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”．Darwin said in The
Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and
couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.
Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition rather than
other values，such as cooperation，and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise
competition as natural ， unavoidable ， and desirable.In 1937 ， the ④world-renowned
anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition Among Primitive
Peoples，based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition，and，in fact，
seemed at times to place a negative value on it.One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona，
and they，Mead found，valued cooperation far more than competition.After studying dozens of
such cultures，Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of
human behavior，and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society valuesit.
12．What does the author think is commonly seen in many areas of contemporary life?
A．The influence of competition.
B．The origin of human drive.
C．The reasons for human behaviour.
D．The disagreement on competition.
13．What does the underlined part “a fallacy” in the third paragraph mean?
A．A false idea. B．A hard nut.
C．A losing battle. D．A mixed blessing.
14．What can we learn from Darwin’s words in The Origin of Species?
A．All species depend on others for survival.
B．The strongest species proves to be the fittest.
C．Struggles for survival include support of each other.
D．Competition is looked on as the best survival strategy.
15．What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach?
A．It is characteristic of humans to be competitive.
B．Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation.
C．Competition is relatively more popular in Western societies.
D．People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound.
语境猜词
①genetic(派)＝gene＋tic
②unavoidable(派)＝un＋avoid＋able
③characterization(派)＝character＋iz(e)＋ation
④world-renowned(合)＝world＋renowned
Ⅱ.七选五阅读(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·广东佛山二模)
Research has shown that mindful eating has positive impacts on people，so it’s beneficial to
know how to eat more ①mindfully.Here are some techniques for eating at a healthy pace.
Remove all distractions while you eat. 1 Make sure your cellphone is face down and
you’re not going to be responding to any messages that come through.
Take enough time to finish your meal.Even with all distractions removed，very often you still
find yourself eating faster than you should. 2 It takes about that time for your body to get the
signal to the brain that you are full.
3 You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich.One way to
②slowdown is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal.Ask yourself:
What’s on my plate? How hungry am I today? Is it too salty? Notice the smell，the taste andwhatever other senses that arise as you eat.
Limit the amount of the food you might munch(大口吃) on mindlessly.Put a small amount of
snack food，like potato chips，in a ③separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching. 4
Putting aside some of the food can help you eat less at a healthier pace.
Actually chew.If you’re wolfing down(狼吞虎咽) your food，you’re probably not
chewing it.And chewing is an important part of digestion. 5 Look at each bite before putting it
into your mouth，acknowledge what you’re eating and chew，chew，chew.
A．Notice all the little details about your food.
B．Limit your time for a meal within 20 minutes.
C．It helps break up the foods so it’s easier for absorption.
D．Watch out for your food intake and the time you spend on it.
E．When you sit down to eat，spend at least 20 minutes doing so.
F．If you have a whole bag of it，it is challenging to stop after several bites.
G．They can limit your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full.
语境猜词
①mindfully(派)＝mind＋ful＋ly
②slowdown(合)＝slow＋down
③separate熟义：v.(使)分离
生义(文义)：adj.
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①n.习俗 ②降低 ③adj.做好充分准备的
④咬一口
B．①adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
②adv.表面上 ③adj.示范性的 ④ n．喜欢
C．①n.血流 ②adj.无针的 ③n.浓度
④n.放置
D．①adj.遗传的；基因的 ②adj.不可避免的
③n.特性描述 ④adj.世界著名的
Ⅱ.①谨慎地；注意地 ②减速；减缓 ③单独的，分开的
答案精析
Ⅰ.1．A [细节理解题。根据CHINA中“On birthdays，it is common to eat longevity noodles(长
寿面) without breaking them for good luck to live a long life.”和GHANA中“In Ghana，one of
the most common birthday traditions is that kids get to eat oto for breakfast：sweet potatoes
mixed with onions，made into patties，and fried with hard boiled eggs.”可知，中国和加纳的父
母都会在孩子的生日时为他们提供一种特殊的食物。故选A。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据MEXICO中“Mexicans always sing Las Mañanitas to wake up the
child on their birthdays.”可知，墨西哥的孩子们过生日时会收到一首祝福歌。故选A。]
3．C [文章出处题。根据第一段中“For this post，I asked all of my friends in the
Multicultural Kid Blogger group to give me their favorite birthday traditions！”可知，文章应该
来自网站。故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了物理老师Erukhimova在网络上通过视频来传播
物理知识，让学生们对物理感兴趣的事迹。
4．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中 “Out of all fields of science，physics has a
reputation...make it up are sometimes simply hard to grasp.”可知，物理对于大众来说很难是
由于它的概念是抽象的，难以掌握。故选C。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Not only are the explanations in every video easy to
follow，but Erukhimova’s enthusiasm is what truly keeps the viewer engaged.”可知，
Erukhimova的视频受欢迎是由于她的热情和生动易懂的教学方法。故选D。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Erukhimova’s unique teaching method comes from her
hope to get students interested through demonstrative classes.”及最后一段内容可知，
Erukhimova希望通过她的课让学生对物理感兴趣。故选B。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“I like what I teach，and I try to share my excitement with
them.”及倒数第二段中“Since then，she has won over...explaining science.”可推知，
Erukhimova对她的工作十分投入。故选C。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国和瑞士研究人员设计了一种用来输送药物的杯
状贴片装置。
8．C [推理判断题。根据第一段对针剂注射和口服药丸两种药物输送方式的缺点的描述和
第二段可推知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C。]
9．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“After three hours，the team found that drug blood
concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a
tablet.”可知，对狗的研究证明，贴片这种药物输送方式比口服药片更能使药物被吸收。故
选D。]10．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中“the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs
with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet.They also found
patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules”以及第四段中“Most volunteers said
they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications.”可知，该设备的特点是有效和
对用户友好。故选B。]
11．A [段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Still，the team only tested the patch for a short time
so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly.They’d also need to
determine which drugs would work with the technology”可知，最后一段强调了这一技术还需
要解决的相关问题。故选A。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源，指出心理学界对竞争
先天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者的观点，如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学
家米德的研究，说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果，而是文化塑造的产物，其重要性视
具体社会价值观而定。
12．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatever it is，you cannot but recognize the effect
competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life.”可知，作者认为人们
可以在当代生活的许多领域中看到竞争的影响。故选A。]
13．A [词义猜测题。画线部分所在句上文“Psychologically speaking，competition has been
seen as an unavoidable consequence of human drives.According to Sigmund Freud...”表明，从
心理学层面讲，竞争一直被认为是人类本能需求的不可避免的结果，并引用了西格蒙德·弗
洛伊德的观点进行佐证。结合however表转折可知，画线部分所在句是在表达与上文相反的
观点，即人类学家现今的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中所扮演的角色的观点可能是
错误的。故a fallacy的含义为“一个错误的想法”。故选A。]
14．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles
he was describing...couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.”可推知，达尔文
的话意在表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。]
15．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After studying dozens of such cultures...and that its
popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.”可推知，人们对待竞争
的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.G 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.C
