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作业 16 社会现象与社会热点类议论文
议论文阅读解题技法
A
(2023·全国乙)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of
①humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had
texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later
achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are
able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between
literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict，at Botany Bay，between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side，we have scientific reports
and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we have only a wooden
shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct
what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and
strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of ②miscomprehension from both sides，there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write.Those
who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino，
the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this
book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they
made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact between
literate and non-literate societies such as these ， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted，only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have
to read not just the texts，but the objects.1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was ③one-sided.
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.
4.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
语境猜词
①humanity(派)＝human＋ity
②miscomprehension(派)＝mis＋comprehen(d)＋sion
③one-sided(合)＝one＋sided
B
(2024·广东韶关二模)
Is life a story or a game? Answers may vary from one to another.Over the course of life，we
find things to love and commit to—a job，a partner or a community.At times，we struggle to learn
from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom，kindness and grace.
Will Storr ， a writer whose work I admire ， says this story version of life is a
misunderstanding.In his book The Status Game，he argues that human beings are deeply driven
by status.Rather than about being liked or accepted，he writes，it’s about being better than
others.“When people are obedient to us，offer respect，admiration or praise，that’s status.It
feels good.”
Life is a series of games，he adds.There’s the high school game of competing to be the
popular kid.The lawyer game to make partner.The finance game to make the most money.The
academic game for fame.The sports game to show that our team is the best.Even when we are
trying to do good，Storr claims，we’re playing the “virtue game” to show we are morally
superior to others.I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the
human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family.The ①status-mad world that
Storr describes is so loveless.In fact，gaming as a way of life is ②immature.Maturity means rising
above the shallow desire—for status—that doesn’t really nourish us.It’s about cultivating the
higher desires: the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work，
which is not about popularity，and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to
practise daily acts of generosity.
How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations? To answer that，I’d
have to tell you a story.
5．What lies in the core of Will Storr’s opinion about life?
A．The pride in one’s virtue. B．The pursuit of ③superiority.
C．The desire for acceptance. D．The motivation by wealth.
6．What can be viewed as higher motivations in the text?
A．Love and superiority. B．Maturity and desire.
C．Commitment and kindness. D．Friendship and popularity.
7.What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A．To correct an attitude.
B．To tell a story.
C．To explain two arguments.
D．To criticize a viewpoint.
8．What story do you think the author will tell next?
A．A king’s-comeback story.
B．A ④rags-to-riches story.
C．A Yuan Longping-style story.
D．An overnight-success story.
语境猜词
①status-mad(合)＝status＋mad
②immature(派)＝im＋mature
③superiority(派)＝superior＋ity
④rags-to-riches(合)＝rags＋to＋riches
C
(2024·河南鹤壁二模)
Saying farewell to someone you love，even for a night，can be difficult，①much less saying
goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death.Juliet bid Romeo adieu(再见) for the evening with the
words，“Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron.But this seeming
contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings，emotions，and passion.Deep friendships and lovingrelationships are measured by the level of emotional ②attachment.Emotions ③intensify over
time.People spend time with the people they like.The more one person likes another person，the
closer the relationship becomes.Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from
knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your
emotional identity.Separation，even a temporary absence，from the people you have a deep
emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their
company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close
relationship.The time spent together is emotionally rewarding，especially if that person is seen as a
④soulmate.Humans are social beings.We seek the love and comfort of other people.Loneliness
devastates the human condition and leads to sadness.Sad people will do anything they can to find
fulfilling relationships.⑤Likewise，happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance
relationships.Here in lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become，the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt
upon separation.The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing
the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will
feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship.If it doesn’t hurt to say
goodbye，perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
9．Which of the following can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”？
A．Icy cold. B．Clicking sound. C．⑥Deafening silence. D．Endless speech.
10．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B．The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C．A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D．Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
11．How can a person get emotional satisfaction in social life according to the passage?
A．By making more comments on others’ work.
B．By building deep emotional connections with others.
C．By comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D．By being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
12．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B．The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C．Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D．Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.语境猜词
①much less
②attachment(派)＝attach＋ment
③intensify(派)＝intens(e)＋ify
④soulmate(合)＝soul＋mate
⑤likewise(合)＝like＋wise
⑥deafening(派)＝deaf＋en＋ing
语境猜词答案
A．①人类(总称) ②误解 ③片面的，单方面的
B．①为地位而疯狂的 ②不成熟的 ③优越感 ④贫穷到富裕的
C．①更不用说 ②喜欢，依恋 ③增强，加剧 ④灵魂伴侣 ⑤同样地，类似地 ⑥震耳
欲聋的答案精析
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强
调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
1．A [段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，不能仅通过文本讲述世界历史，因为物品也
记录了人们关心的事情，即第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据第二段首句可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产
物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side，we
have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side，we
have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.”可
知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选
D。]
3．B [词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“...there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted，especially when only the victors know how to write...can speak to us now of their past
achievements most powerfully through the objects they made...a voice.”可知，物品同样能讲
述历史，文字描述只能说明一半的历史。故画线词所在句“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.”强调解读物品来了解历
史的另一半。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。]
4．C [文章出处题。根据第一段、第二段最后一句以及最后一段第二、三句和最后一句可
知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好地了解历史就要将文本
和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。]
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？作家 Will Storr认为生活就是
一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，成熟意味着追求
更高的愿望。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中关键句“In his book...it’s about being better than
others.”以及第三段中“There’s the high school game of competing...to show we are morally
superior to others.”可知，Will Storr对于生活的观点的核心在于要比别人更好，B项“追求
优越感”符合题意，故选B。]6．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“It’s about...of generosity.(它是关于培养更高的愿望：
对真理和学习的热爱；工匠从他的作品中获得内心的愉悦，这与受欢迎与否无关，以及对美
好而有意义的生活的渴望，激励着人们践行慷慨的日常行为)”可知，C项“全心投入和善
良”可以被视为更高的动机，故选C。]
7．A [写作意图题。本文首先提出问题：生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？接着提到了作家
Will Storr对此问题的回答——他认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，然后
作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，并提出了自己的观点，故本文目的是纠正一种态度，故
选A。]
8．C [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’s about cultivating...generosity.”和最后一
段“How do people...I’d have to tell you a story.”可知，更高的愿望是对真理和学习的热
爱和对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，作者接下来要讲述关于如何培养这些更高动机的故事，
C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高动机的内涵，故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过著名戏剧台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出
对人际关系的讨论，阐述了分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度
9.C [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming
contradiction is true in the context of relationships.(甜蜜的悲伤是一种矛盾修辞法。但这种看似
矛盾的现象在人际关系中却是真实存在的)”可知，本句中sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞
方法。故C选项“Deafening silence.(震耳欲聋的沉默)”符合题意。故选C。]
10．D [推理判断题。根据第三段“告别意味着你要跟那些在你的情感认同中占据重要地
位的人分开。与和你有深厚情感联系的人分离，即使是短暂的缺席，都会带来悲伤，因为你
将无法再享受他们的陪伴”可知，分离是告别时悲伤的部分。故选D。]
11．B [推理判断题。根据第二段中“Deep friendships...intensify over time.(深厚的友谊和
恋爱关系是由情感依恋的程度来衡量的。情感会随着时间的推移而增强)”以及第四段中
“The time spent together...of other people.(一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的，尤其是如果
那个人被视为灵魂伴侣。人类是社会生物。我们从他人身上汲取爱与安慰)” 可推知，一个
人可以通过与他人建立深厚的情感联系在社交生活中获得情感上的满足。故选B。]
12．B [主旨大意题。 通读全文以及根据最后两段可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛
盾的情感体验这一现象，深入分析了分离痛苦这种情感体验在衡量人际关系疏密中的作用。
B 选项“The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.(分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺
度)”可概括文章的主旨。故选B。]
