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►第 04 讲 阅读理解之议论文（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 中考阅读理解议论文考情分析
1. 细节理解题
2. 推理判断题
阅读议论文的
三 3. 词义猜测题
考向
4. 主旨大意题
5.提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考阅读议论文经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
阅读理解议论文命题规律
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨
或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据
上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章
的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
【名师解难】
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立
场；是文章要表达的主要思想；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是
作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清
论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。论证方法多种多样，常见的有:1.归纳法，即从
分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；2.演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进
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行说明、分析后得出结论；3.比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分
析，得出结论；
4.驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。
1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键
词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反
说等。
2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题
及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既
不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般
不出现绝对概念。
4. 词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，
而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手
段。
议论文答题技巧
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、
概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的
哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的
论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结
文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例
之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时
间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题
(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文
章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般
用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有
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根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有 not或except等表示否定意义
的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子
的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的
推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主
题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间
顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了
解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先
设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望
等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文
字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会
文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感
到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二
是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关
系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或
同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面
入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提
高学生自主学习的能力。
（一）
（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）
No one wants to work at a messy（凌乱的） desk and look lazy. But does a messy desktop actually mean
that? Not all disorders mean you mess everything up.
People who like a messy desk have their own ideas. Some think it makes them comfortable. Some believe it
helps them focus（专注） more easily. Messy tables can make it easier to focus on the tasks, just like some
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writers can write patiently in a noisy place. Others may be the people who want to do things perfectly. They usually
put away the less important things and do the most important ones perfectly, which leads to paper mountains on the
desktop.
Research shows that people working with a messy desktop are probably more creative and like to take risks.
But people with a tidy one often follow the rules and may not like to try new things. For example, in an experiment
（实验） done by Kathleen Vohs, people in the messy group came up with more interesting and creative ideas
about the new uses of ping-pong balls. Vohs says, “Messy environments seem to inspire（激发） people to think
up fresh ideas.”
But a messy desk might not be the best choice all the time. When you need new ideas, a messy desk might be
a good choice; but when you want to do a task quickly and successfully, it seems better to make a desk clean and
tidy.
1．Why do some people like a messy desk?
A．Because they are lazy and untidy. B．Because they want to do things well.
C．Because it helps them focus on tasks easily. D．Because it helps them do their work patiently.
2．What does the experiment done by Kathleen Vohs show us?
A．Disorder is welcomed by most people in this world.
B．A messy desktop has a bad influence on people's minds.
C．People working with a tidy desktop can also be successful.
D．People working with a messy desktop may be more creative.
3．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Messy Desk: Do People Need to Change It?
B．Messy Desk: Does It Make People Comfortable?
C．Messy Desk: Do People Get Used to It?
D．Messy Desk: Does It Help People Work Patiently?
（2023·四川绵阳·统考模拟预测）
History is full of heroes, who have made an enormous impact (影响) on the world.
Full Rizer Red (《满江红》), one of the hit movies in 2023, reminded me of Yue Fei, our national hero. He
led the army to fight bravely against Jin, not to yield (屈服) to the traitor (叛徒) Qin Hui. Yue Fei, according to
China’s history, is a real hero. His story has been passed down through the ages, beginning with his life in the
Southern Song Dynasty.
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There are heroes in every time period. Heroes are people who do something brave, unusual, or important.
Heroes are men and women who take risks. In the face of natural disasters, there are also many retrograde (逆行的)
heroes. They make a positive (积极的) difference in the world.
Some heroes lived long ago. George Washington was the first president of the United States. Some heroes did
great things recently. Sally Ride was an astronaut and an educator, and the first American woman to go into space.
Some of the greatest heroes did not just do remarkable things that made them famous. In their everyday lives,
they behaved in ways that made people admire their character. Character is a group of qualities that make up who a
person is. Heroes are often people with great character.
Many people with great character are honest. Honest people tell the truth, even when it is hard to do it.
Someone with great character may also be compassionate. A compassionate person cares about others and works to
help them.
A person with great character may also be responsible. Responsible people do things they promise to do. Other
people can depend on them.
Heroes build from their great character to deliver great action. Do you have a hero?
4．What kind of difference do heroes make in the world?
A．A small difference. B．A negative (消极的) difference.
C．A positive difference. D．A cruel difference.
5．What does the underlined word “admire” mean in this article?
A．Look after. B．Look for. C．Look forward to. D．Look up to.
6．What can be concluded from Paragraph 3 about doing something brave?
A．Women are more likely to do something brave than men are.
B．Doing something brave makes a difference in the world.
C．Doing something brave is the same thing as doing something unusual.
D．What a hero does is taking risks.
7．From this article, what is the very quality that people admire in others?
A．Honesty. B．Beauty. C．Shyness. D．Humor.
8．What is the main idea of this article?
A．Heroes are people who make a positive difference in the world through their actions.
B．Sally Ride was an astronaut, an educator, and the first American woman to go into space.
C．Honesty, compassion, and responsibility are some of the qualities that can make up a person’s character.
D．Yue Fei remains one of the most heroic figures in Chinese history.
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（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）
Think about that if you are criticized (批评) for doing something wrong, how would you feel?
Much like artists turn something useless into something useful, you can learn to get some useful experience
from criticism.
For most of us, the mistake is to consider criticism as a bad thing. That leads us to close our minds and looks
down upon what others said. But the problem is that the truth is often hidden behind it. No matter how smart you
are and how hard you work, there is always room for you to improve.
Some criticism may be wrong. But even in these cases, it’s valuable because it helps you see your actions
through another point. Learning from such criticism requires the ability to make feelings work for you, instead of
being against with you. You can turn negative feedback (负面回馈) into something useful by asking yourself the
following questions:
● Putting my personal feelings aside, what can I learn from this person’s criticism?
● How can I use this feedback to help me improve?
When you see the criticism as an opportunity for growth, it can help you to improve your ideas greatly. It’s
never good to hear that you are wrong. When you do everything, remember this: praise is nice. But it’s the people
who tell you the truth that make you better. It’s the ones who challenge you that will make you grow.
9．How did the writer start the passage?
A．By listing a fact.B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By giving a reason.
10．Why is some wrong criticism valuable?
A．Because it can help us to realize how smart we are.
B．Because we can get some useful experience from it.
C．Because it can help us to see our actions in another way.
D．Because it can leads us to close our minds.
11．What’s the writer’s opinion on criticism?
A．He thinks we should consider it as an opportunity for growth.
B．He thinks it is a bad thing.
C．He thinks all the criticism is wrong.
D．He thinks we can hardly turn it into something useful.
（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）
Does the university you attend or the major (专业) you choose decide your success in the future? According to
a recent survey, 48.6% of the people believe that the university plays an important role in shaping their future. But
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33.8% of the people think one’s major is more important.
Fu Xi is a student at Peking University, one of the top universities in China. He thinks his university does
bring many unseen advantages. “If I had no academic (学术的) training or experiences of different clubs in college,
I wouldn’t have successfully got my first internship (实习) in a leading bank,” Fu told the reporter from China
Youth Daily. As for him, students could improve their abilities through internships or academic activities to make
themselves ready for a job or further studies, no matter which major they choose.
However, Chen Yufei, 20 years old, who studies Japanese at Tianjin University, doesn’t think so. ▲ After
getting lower scores than expected in Gaokao, Chen lost the chance to study her favorite major — Chinese.
“Having no interest in Japanese, I felt unhappy when taking Japanese classes in the first year,” Chen said. Later, she
had problems in finding her dream job. “Different majors will lead to different jobs which finally lead to different
incomes (收入),” Chen added. She thinks that even students who major in Japanese at well-known universities will
most probably make less money than those who major in computer science.
Both the university and one’s major are important, but they don’t necessarily decide your life, according to
Chu Zhaohui, a professional researcher of the National Institute of Education Sciences. “For students, personal
development is closely connected with their performance in the university,” Chu said.
12．From Paragraph 2, we know that ________.
A．Fu Xi is really thankful to his university
B．Fu Xi doesn’t enjoy working in a leading bank
C．Fu Xi can succeed, no matter what university he chooses
D．Fu Xi dislikes his major, but he tries to improve his abilities
13．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ ?
A．She believes she should study computer science instead of Japanese.
B．She believes both university and major are the key to one’s success.
C．She believes that a right major has much more weight than a good university.
D．She believes whatever your major is, you must study hard.
14．In the last paragraph, Chu Zhaohui’s words are mentioned to ________.
A．teach students how to choose a good major and university
B．show what students think about the survey is reasonable
C．tell students that one’s future depends on his major and university
D．advise students to pay more attention to what they do in the university
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15．The writer develops the whole passage by ________.
A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．raising questions D．sharing opinions
（2023·四川泸州·统考二模）
Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world today. A study carried out by the
PewResearch Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide use of social media has changed
nearly all parts of teenagers lives.
Changing relationships:
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication. “It
makes in-person relationships harder because people give attention to their phones instead of their boyfriends or
girlfriends,” Cooper said. Yet, some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with
anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media. Now he lives
in Scotland, but they’re still often able to communicate with each other. “I can feel close to someone that I’m
talking to by Face Time, ” Kaplan said.
Wanting to be “liked”:
The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill
announced on the social networking service Instagram that she had stopped using social media. She thought she had
gotten lost in appearing perfect online. Negative comments can also do damage to a teenager self-esteem(自尊).
Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt. In particular, some social media apps such as Yik
Yak may provide opportunities for cyber bullying (网络欺凌).
Opening new doors:
However, Armin Korsos, a student from Illinois, takes advantage of the comments he receives over social
media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube. “Social media can help people show
themselves and their talents to the world in a way that was never possible before,” Korsos said.
But Korsos realizes that social media has become a distraction (让人分心的事). “Social media is not all
necessary, though it helps people connect with their friends and know each other well anytime.”
16．How does social media change relationships, according to the article? ________
A．It pushes people to meet their friends more often offline.
B．It encourages people to pay more attention to those around them.
C．It enables users to understand correctly what others are talking about online.
D．It allows people to keep in touch with their friends who live far away more easily.
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17．The underlined word “comments” means ________ in the passage.
A．opinions B．suggestions C．conversations D．orders
18．What does Essena O’Neill think of social media? ________
A．It develops her confidence.
B．It helps her make friends.
C．It hurts her seriously.
D．It makes her tired of using social media app Yik Yak.
19．Which statement about the use of social media would Armin Korsos probably agree with? ________
A．Using social media can only get negative comments.
B．Using social media can only reduce face-to-face communication.
C．Using social media is necessary because it can help know friends well anytime.
D．Social media can create opportunities for teenagers to develop themselves.
20．What is the article mainly about? ________
A．The major problems with social media.
B．Social media’s influence on teenagers.
C．How teenagers benefit (受益) from social media.
D．Why social media attracts so many teenagers.
（2023·安徽宿州·统考二模）
Huang Yu’s beloved cat Dasuan died. Huang was quite sad. But 66 days later, Dasuan “come back”. Huang got
a new cat that looks almost the same as Dasuan thanks to cloning (克隆) technology.
Dasuan is China’s first cloned cat. The cat was born inside a lab owned by a company in Beijing. To clone the
cat, the company’s experts took cells (细胞) from Dasuan and created an embryo (胚胎). Then they put it into a cat
mother.
In fact, cloning pets is not a new thing. In 2001, the world’s first cloned cat was born in the US. In 2005, the
world’s first cloned dog was born in South Korea. Since cats have unique reproductive features, they are more
difficult to clone.
However, there are arguments against pet cloning. Though the cloned pets copy the dead pet’s appearance,
they have different personalities. That’s why pet owners have different opinions about this. Some pet lovers like
Huang think a clone is a good replacement for their dead pets. But others worry that having the same appearance
but a different personality will lead to more pain in the long run. Knowing this, the company says it hopes to use AI
and other technologies to move memories to cloned pets in the future.
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Moreover, scientists think cloned pets aren’t as healthy as naturally born pets. They may live shorter lives.
Some animal lovers think cloning pets is unacceptable because a large number of homeless animals still need
homes. They say there is no need to clone.
21．How does the writer begin the text?
A．By giving an example. B．By listing some numbers.
C．By asking a question. D．By explaining some facts.
22．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)?
A．The embryo. B．The cell. C．The pet. D．The cat.
23．What is the best title (标题) for the text?
A．The first cloned cat. B．A beloved pet cat.
C．How to clone pets? D．Should we clone pets?
（2023·江西九江·统考二模）
China and Western countries may have different cultural beliefs about certain animals, but when it comes to
pigs, we have somehow reached an agreement—that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
Just look at the idioms (习语) and phrases in our languages. In Chinese, we have the likes of “boiling a dead
pig”, and “a pig looking in the mirror is still a pig”. And in English, there are idioms such as “eating like a pig” and
“sweating like a pig”. None of them are about the good ones.
In fact, science long ago proved that pigs aren’t stupid at all. According to a paper published in 2017 in the
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, pigs are “mentally and socially similar to dogs and
chimpanzees”. They like to play. They have good long-term memories. And they know the difference between
those who treat them well and those who don’t.
There are lovable pig characters in cartoons, too. Peppa Pig, for example, a UK television series that began in
2004, has now become one of the most popular cartoons in 180 countries and regions. The four members in the
cartoon’s pig family teach children from all around the world about love, friendship and the value of family. And in
China, the adventures of McDull show the story of a piglet who works hard for his dreams. Even though he keeps
failing, he is never defeated.
“People are putting too much focus on efficiency (效率) and immediate results, but McDull is slow and
patient, and not afraid of repeated failures,”said McDull’s creator Brian Tse when she was promoting the film
McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dong in Beijing. “ He has a heart of gold.” Perhaps these are the qualities of pigs to
keep in mind when we think of pigs again—their intelligence, cuteness, patience and innocence (纯真).
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24．Which is NOT the common belief that China and Western countries may have about pigs?
A．Ugly. B．Lovely. C．Lazy. D．Stupid.
25．What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．the idioms B．some pigs C．certain cartoons D．all pig characters
26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Pigs have good short-term memories.
B．McDull puts too much focus on efficiency.
C．Peppa Pig teaches people about love, friendship and the value of family.
D．McDull, Kung Fu Ding Ding Dong is a popular television series that began in 2004.
27．What does the underlined word “defeated” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．succeeded B．beaten C．achieved D．challenged
28．What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To introduce two interesting cartoons about pigs.
B．To prove that pigs are ugly, lazy, stupid and shameless.
C．To show pigs can be intelligent, cute , patient and innocent.
D．To share different beliefs about pigs in China and Western countries.
（2023·福建厦门·福建省厦门第六中学校考二模）
My dad gave me a piece of advice when I was a know-it-all teenager. He said, “Never say in anger what you
don’t mean, because you can say you’re sorry, but you can’t take it back. It has the power of life and death.” That
means our words can either speak of life, or can speak of death.
We may all experience the power of words in our life, even when we were very young. A child is criticized by
teachers or parents for bad grades, and after that, he might probably think of himself as a stupid child. Most of us
have that experience. They say it is important to praise children four times for each negative word. Criticizing will
make things worse, while positive words are helpful especially when someone is in trouble or in need. When we
fail the exam, encouraging words from our teachers or parents make us work harder at our lessons. Encouraging
words can go quite a long way. They cheer people up. For example, encouraging words to someone who is sad can
help him make it through the day. Words can have a powerful effect on your brain. And it will have a great
influence on your action, too.
Everything you do depends on what you choose to do. It’s not your parents, your past relationships or your
job, but it’s you who are responsible for every goal you set. If you have dreams in life, write them down and speak
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them out. Your words are likely to bring you out something amazing. So how do we deal with our tongue later?
29．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refers to “______”.
A．our anger B．the writer’s advice
C．what you say D．our experience
30．After being criticized for bad grades, Mike may think ______.
A．he is not smart B．the teacher is unfair
C．the paper is too difficult D．he will be lucky
31．What does a student need the most when in trouble?
A．Some safety tips. B．Some useful practice.
C．Negative words. D．Positive words.
32．What can have a positive effect on a person’s brain?
A．Failing an exam. B．Encouraging words.
C．Criticizing words. D．Easy lessons.
33．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A．how to cool ourselves B．how to praise children
C．the experience of the writer D．the power of words
（2023·浙江绍兴·校联考三模）
We take selfies(自拍) when we try on a new hat, play with our pets or when we meet a friend whom we
haven’t seen in a while. But does this crazy actually make sense? Is there any scientific explanation for it?
Well, you should probably ask James Kilner, a neuroscientist(神经科学家) at University College London.
Through our lifetime we become experts at reading and telling other people’s faces and facial expressions.
However, according to Kilner, we have a very poor understanding of our own faces since we have little experience
of looking at them—we just feel them most of the time.
This has been proved in some studies in which people were shown photos of themselves and asked to match
their facial expressions in the pictures. In most cases, they failed to correctly produce the same facial expressions
without being able to see themselves in the mirror, according to BBC．
To further test how we actually sense our own faces, Kilner carried out another study. He showed people two
kinds of their own pictures—one had been edited(编辑) to look less beautiful and the one was made more beautiful
—and asked them to pick the version which they thought looked most like them. Kilner found that most people
chose the more beautiful picture. This suggests that we usually think of ourselves as better-looking than we actually
are.
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But what does it say about selfies? Well, isn’t that clear? Selfies give us the power to create a photo—by
taking it from different angles(角度), with different poses, using filters(滤镜) and so on—that better matches our
expectations with our actual faces.
“You suddenly have control in a way that you don’t have in the real world.” Kilner told the Canada-based
CTA News. “Selfies allow you to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you’re happy with”, he
explained.
34．How does the writer lead in the topic “selfie” in Paragraph 1?
A．By asking questions. B．By comparing facts.
C．By giving examples. D．By explaining reasons.
35．We can learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that people are ________.
A．proud of the photos of their own
B．able to remember their own faces easily
C．more interested in their faces in the mirror
D．good at understanding others by their faces
36．According to Kilner, taking selfies ________.
A．helps people to improve their skills of taking photos
B．meets people’s needs to know their own faces better
C．makes people possible to reach their expectation
D．offers people a way to control the world
37．Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．What Is the Selfies B．Why Do You Take Selfies
C．How Can We Take Selfies D．Who Likes Taking Selfies
（一）（2023·浙江湖州·统考中考真题）
①Chinese calligraphy (书法) was once considered an important part of the school curriculum (课程).
However, for many reasons, some people think it’s less important to teach this art form at school now. In this
article, I will look at both the pros and cons of learning Chinese calligraphy at school.
②One reason why Chinese calligraphy should be learned at school is that it is an important form of culture
expression. Clearly, it is not just about practicing handwriting. It is also about connecting with a traditional Chinese
art form. When students learn this art in class, they will become more interested in the works of famous Chinese
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artists.
③Another reason is that it may help students to develop patience. At the times of high technology, students are
getting less patient for traditional classroom learning. By introducing Chinese calligraphy into the classroom,
students’ patience can be improved because they have to practice focusing on each brush movement.
④From the above, it can be seen that there are clear advantages. However, others think there are some
disadvantages. The first one is that it has little to do with students’ life. Living in a modern age, pens and paper will
lose their importance by and by. So, wouldn’t it be a backward (倒退的) step if students were asked to spend their
valuable time at school learning Chinese calligraphy?
⑤The second argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at school is that it takes a long time to master.
The time at school is better spent on more important subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be
done as an after-school activity if students are really interested in it.
⑥In my opinion, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. This special art form is one of China’s
national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is
worth being included in the school curriculum.
38．Which of the following is the structure of the passage?
A． B．
C． D．
39．What can we learn from the passage?
A．High technology can help students become more patient.
B．Students should spend more time on after-school activities.
C．Learning Chinese calligraphy gets more popular in the modern age.
D．Students may like art works better after learning Chinese calligraphy.
40．What does the writer probably think of learning Chinese calligraphy?
A．Important and necessary. B．Valuable but backward.
C．Popular and interesting. D．Meaningful but boring.
（二）（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）
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I am sure you know the story of the turtle（乌龟） and the rabbit. It taught people many lessons. One of
these lessons is that people who have all the advantages （the fast-jumping rabbit） can be beaten by those who
have nothing but inner strength （内在的力量） （the slow turtle）.
It is true that the race of life, just like the one between the rabbit and the turtle, is often unfair. Some kids have
all the luck. They were born healthy and their parents are rich. These kids wear nice clothes and they always have
much money to buy anything they like. But many other kids have none of these things. They have to depend on
their inner strength alone.
_______, this is not true. In fact, the “turtles” —kids from poor families —have some of the most important
things for success. They are determined（有决心的） and hard-working. They move forward slowly but with
great inner strength.
A student from Tsinghua University shared his personal experience online. He chose to get a part-time job and
study hard while his classmates were having fun outside. He knew there would be plenty of time for fun once he
had overcome all of the difficulties. His story may have encouraged “turtles”. The race of life is long. Even if you
get off to a slow start, you can easily catch up if you make up your mind to do so.
41．What can we learn from the story of the turtle and the rabbit?
A．A person who has nothing can succeed easily.
B．A person who has advantages can succeed.
C．A person who has inner strength can get successful finally.
D．A person who works without rest can get successful easily.
42．Why does the writer say “the race of life is often unfair”?
A．All the people have different dreams. B．People are treated differently in life.
C．Everyone wants to win the race. D．Not everyone has the same starting point.
43．Which of the following sentences can be put in the _______?
A．While many people believe the “rabbits” are always successful.
B．While many people believe the “turtles” are always successful.
C．Because many people believe the “rabbits” are always successful
D．Because many people believe the “turtles” are always successful
44．The writer mentioned a student from Tsinghua University in order to _______.
A．introduce his experience in Tsinghua University
B．encourage us to enter good universities
C．show us the importance of studying in the university
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D．support his idea that poor students have special things for success
45．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To advise us to try new things. B．To tell us how to succeed quickly.
C．To show us the power of inner strength. D．To encourage us to take races in life.
（三）（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）
Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media(社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order
to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad
influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch
with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find
friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making
friends face to face. Are you shy? If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also ideal for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent
is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be
a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public
Library of Science, found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One
reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off
their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad? Nobel
Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media ... We
must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
46．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage?
A．Expressing our voices freely. B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life. D．Connecting with people more easily.
47．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．clear B．different C．incorrect D．simple
48．Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
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A． B．
C． D．
49．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy? B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use?
C．Social Media: Connecting The World D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
（四）（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The
robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a
face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay
more attention to robots with faces. But what kind?
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to
just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit
creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows
that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to
look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike
face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us
as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their
faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised.
Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The
cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
50．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face?
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A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things.
C．It will pay more attention to children. D．It can better communicate with people.
51．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch.
C．Boring to talk to. D．Difficult to understand.
52．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with?
A．People should treat robots as humans.
B．Robots need to express their own feelings.
C．Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.
D．People can easily accept robots with a human face.
53．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D．To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
（五）（2023·湖南长沙·统考中考真题）
It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knowledge
of their elders, while many think that old people don’t understand the young. But actually (事实上), both groups
have a lot to learn from each other.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization (机构) for serving the
elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids.
There is a playground in the care home, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn more
about each other, and respect (尊重) and understand one another.
I suppose this is quite an interesting idea. For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old
people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages. It will be important for young people to be able to
understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.
Regretfully, my own grandparents weren’t around when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never
got to learn what the world was like through their eyes, or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they
were my age. To me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard to understand or explain.
However, I think I can still learn from other people of older generations (辈). I might find some of their ideas
out of date, and they might believe that my generation’s way of thinking is strange or incorrect. But we can still
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learn from each other anyway.
54．What is special about the Smith’s Care Home?
A．It is only a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly look after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts both the elderly and pre-school kids.
55．In the writer’s opinion (观点),what problem is the world facing?
A．There are more and more old people.
B．The world’s population is dropping rapidly.
C．The world is short of care homes for old people.
56．What does the underlined word “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．笑话 B．悲剧 C．谜团
57．How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text?
A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By raising questions.
58．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To explain why the world’s population ages.
B．To encourage different generations to learn from each other.
C．To show that older generations’ ways of thinking are incorrect.
（六）（2023·浙江·统考中考真题）
Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem.
It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.
Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力).
However, learning to let go when things aren’t right is important too. Maybe your heart isn’t in playing the piano
any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making
the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show
that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a
happier and healthier life.
But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on? Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学)
who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He
suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more. Is it because you’ve argued with a
teammate or can’t get on with a new art teacher? Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you
decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.
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Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more
fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up
another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise.
59．The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that ________.
A．we should never give up B．we should get away from trouble
C．it’s all right to stop and quit D．it’s difficult to win Olympic medals
60．According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can ________.
A．learn about perseverance B．have enough money to spend
C．live a busier and fuller life D．feel more confident in ourselves
61．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A．it’s not good to stick at things we don’t like
B．we should think twice before quitting an activity
C．we don’t have to take exams to show our true abilities
D．it’s wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
62．Which could be the best title for the passage?
A．Knowing When to Stop B．Working Hard to Move on
C．Learning How to Grow up D．Starting Early to Make Changes
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