文档内容
关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
10 语篇类型-议论文阅读
真题回顾
（2024·河北·中考真题）At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’
spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons
about money can help us form good spending habits.
Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to
know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to
watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make.
We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words,
we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket
money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices.
We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it,
we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow.
After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly
satiate us.
We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank
account (账户) is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to
experience how money is spent in the real world.
Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From
these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step!
1. Where does money come from according to the text?
A. Parents’ hard work. B. Kids’ life lessons.
C. Good spending habits. D. The bank account.
2. What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle?
A. Buy a wonderful notebook. B. Make a free spending choice.
C. Set a goal of saving money. D. Have an experience of shopping.
3. What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Relax. B. Interest. C. Surprise. D. Satisfy.
1关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
4. Which of the following will the writer probably agree with?
A. Adults can make money grow more.
B. Kids should have a money spending plan.
C. Parents may give kids lots of pocket money.
D. Supermarkets will be places to change money.
5. What is the best title for the text?
A. Causes of Spending Money B. Ways of Managing Money
C. Purposes of Treating Money D. Conditions of Saving Money
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了关于金钱管理的一些生活经验和建议，强调了金钱的来之不易，
需要合理规划和使用，以及设定目标进行储蓄等观点。
1. 细节理解题。根据“We need to know that our parents work hard to make money”可知，金钱来自于父母的
辛勤工作。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据“If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money.”可知，
如果我们想拥有一辆新自行车，但买不起，我们可以省下零花钱，作者希望孩子们通过购买自行车的例子
设定一个储蓄的目标。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据“After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about!”可知，
划线部分单词意为“满足”，与Satisfy意思相近。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据“We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预
算) .”可知，我们不应该一次花光所有的钱，预算对我们来说很重要。因此作者认为孩子们应该有一个花钱
的计划。故选B。
5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了我们应该如何理解和管理金钱，以及如何形成良好的消费
习惯，所以最佳标题应该是“管理金钱的方式”。故选B。
知识积累
一、类型概览
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图
等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境
能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判
断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和
立场；是文章要表达的主要思想；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据
2关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理
清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。
论证方法多种多样，常见的有:（1）归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得
出结论；（2）演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论；（3）比较对照法，
即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；（4）驳论法，即先列出错误
的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。
二、突破技巧
1重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、
概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的
哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的
论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结
文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例
之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
2.细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时
间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题
(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文
章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般
用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有
根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有 not或except等表示否定意义
的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子
的逻辑关系。
3.理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的
推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主
题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间
顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，
把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：
读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后
3关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作
者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语
气与感情基调。
4.多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感
到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二
是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关
系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或
同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面
入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提
高学生自主学习的能力。
三、语篇结构
突破练习
1
（2024·浙江金华·三模）① “Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. But can we take this
saying literally?
4关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
②One popular view is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, he will reach “perfection”, or in
other words, become an expert in a field. It was given by Malcolm Gladwell in his best-selling book, Outliers:
The Story of Success. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates,
who clearly put in over 10, 000 hours of practice before they became successful.
③However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalizing (概括). Anders
Ericsson argued that 10, 000 hours was just an average figure. Some people may need fewer than 10, 000 hours and
others may need more. He also said that practising a lot was not enough, the type and quality of practice also made
a difference. Most importantly, he mentioned the importance of “deliberate (刻意) practice”. When a person
practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than as a whole, it’ll be much more effective, though it’s tiring.
④ Many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from
Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many other
factors (因素) such as IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age can also counted. Natural talent is an important
factor, especially in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America with amazing vision can see the ball
much sooner than others do. Success also depends on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in
the right place at the right time!
⑤ In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead us to
improvement.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 2 refer to (指代)?
A. The view. B. The word. C. The book. D. The field.
2. What is Anders Ericsson’s attitude (态度) to Gladwell’s view on practice?
A. Amazed. B. Worried. C. Hopeful. D. Doubtful.
3. Which of the following is especially important in sports according to Princeton University’s study?
A. IQ. B. Personality. C. Natural talent. D. Starting age.
4. Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?
A. Practice makes better. B. Rome was not built in a day.
C. Every man has his price. D. A good beginning is half done.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了“熟能生巧”的观点。
1. 代词指代题。根据“One popular view is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, he will reach
“perfection”, or in other words, become an expert in a field. It was given by Malcolm Gladwell”可知，如果一个
人练习至少1万个小时，他将达到“完美”，这是Malcolm Gladwell的一种观点，因此“it”指代“The
view.”。故选A。
5关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
2. 推理判断题。根据“Anders Ericsson argued that 10, 000 hours was just an average figure. Some people may
need fewer than 10, 000 hours and others may need more. He also said that practising a lot was not enough, the
type and quality of practice also made a difference.”可推知，Anders Ericsson对Gladwell的观点表示怀疑。故
选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Natural talent is an important factor, especially in sports.”可知，普林斯顿大学的研究表
明天赋在体育运动中特别重要。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据“ In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to
lead us to improvement.”可知，作者认为：练习不一定能达到完美，但是刻意的练习已经被证明能让我们进
步。故可推知，作者可能会同意选项A的表述。故选A。
2
（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）
One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mom. I called my grandma for help,
followed a TV program to make jam and waited excitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three
hours had passed by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mom ate it up and told me it was
the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realized that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I
really enjoyed the process.
The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have
new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others.
If we just focus on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to
give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success.
But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process?
Well, the question has the answer in itself.
Don’t always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different
things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own
ride.
Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient. Impatience
leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop.
Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing
each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of losing
6关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
weight, enjoy your favorite cake once in a while.
1. How does the writer start the article?
A. By giving an example. B. By comparing facts. C. By using old sayings.
2. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A. The writer’s mom was pleased with the pie the writer made though it wasn’t delicious.
B. The writer thought the process of making the apple pie was boring.
C. The writer felt sorry that the pie looked terrible and wasn’t delicious.
3. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Process. B. Success. C. Award.
4. Which could be the best title for the text?
A. Enjoy the Process B. What Does Success Mean to Us?C. Never Give Up
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述作者通过给母亲做苹果派的经历总结出，注重做事的过程比只注重结果能带
给我们更多的东西。
1. 推理判断题。根据“One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mom”可知本文是
通过自己给母亲做苹果派的例子引出话题。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据“Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mom ate it up and told me it
was the best pie that she had ever had”可以推断出作者的妈妈对苹果派很满意。故选A。
11. 词义猜测题。根据“For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power”可
知对有些人来说，成功意味着出名，而对另一些人来说，这可能是健康或权力，故it指代“成功”。故选
B。
12. 最佳标题题。本文主要讲述作者通过给母亲做苹果派的经历总结出，注重做事的过程比只注重结果能
带给我们更多的东西，以选项A“享受过程”为标题最合适。故选A。
3
（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）When I was a little kid, one of my favorite things to do was going to the zoo.
I have recently heard that there are debates (辩论) about whether elephants should live in zoos or not. My idea is
that elephants should live in zoos for people to see.
Many experts say that elephants have a good life living in zoos. There are 78 zoos that exhibit (展览)
elephants. Most zoos are trying to make living conditions better for the elephants. They are doing things such as
replacing (替代) hard floors with sand or dirt. This makes it easier for them to walk around. Zoos are also making
their elephant house larger to give the large animals more room to go around.
Zoos also protect endangered animals. According to the World Wildlife Fund, in 2014 the total population of
7关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
African elephants was around 700, 000 and the Asian elephant population was about 32, 000. So, the Asian
elephants are in danger of dying out. Without zoos, they are all likely to disappear within our lifetime. The National
Zoo plans to spend millions of dollars on a new Asian elephant habitats (栖息地). That way, they can start their
own groups.
Some people want zoos to cancel all of their elephant displays. National Zoo director John Berry says that
visitors are allowed to feed and watch elephants closely. This encourages people to care about endangered animals.
Once while I was visiting the zoo on a hot day, Big Ben, the largest elephant on display, walked up to me and
gently squirted (喷) my face with water from his trunk. Everyone was amazed at what he did. That was a very nice
thing for Big Ben to do. I’m sure that elephants are the nicest animals on earth.
I feel zoos should follow all the necessary steps to keep elephants in zoos. I would raise money at my school
if I thought it would help to keep elephants in zoos.
1. According to the passage, what do we know about the Asian elephants?
A. They are living in a new habitat.
B. They are at the risk of disappearing.
C. They prefer walking around on hard floors.
D. They often squirt people’s face with water.
2. The underlined word displays in Paragraph 4 means __________.
A. products B. trades C. habitats D. shows
3. What is the writer’s attitude towards keeping elephants in the zoos?
A. Worried. B. Angry. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
4. What is the structure of the passage? （① = Paragraph 1）
A. ①②→③④→⑤ B. ①②③→④→⑤
C. ①→②③④→⑤D. ①→②③→④⑤
【答案与解析】本文主要写了关于大象是应该住在动物园里还是应该自由地四处游荡，存在争论。作者的
立场是大象应该住在动物园里让人们看。
1. 细节理解题。根据“According to the World Wildlife Fund, in 2014 the total population of African elephants
was around 700, 000 and the Asian elephant population was about 32, 000. So, the Asian elephants are in danger of
dying out.”可知，亚洲象处于消失的风险中，故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“Some people want zoos to cancel all of their elephant displays. National Zoo director John
Berry says that visitors are allowed to feed and watch elephants closely.”可知，一些人希望动物园取消所有的大
象展览。国家动物园园长约翰·贝里说，游客可以近距离地喂食和观察大象。所以D选项“展览”符合句
8关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
意，故选D。
3. 观点态度题。根据“My idea is that elephants should live in zoos for people to see.”和“I feel zoos should
follow all the necessary steps to keep elephants in zoos. I would raise money at my school if I thought it would help
to keep elephants in zoos.”可知，作者支持在动物园里饲养大象，故选C。
4. 篇章结构题。根据文章的内容，第一段作者提出了主题，第二段、第三段和第四段作者提供了支持主题
的论据，第五段作者提出了结论，因此文章的结构是①→②③④→⑤。故选C。
4
（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially
the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore,
and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time”
followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because
no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans.
As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the
world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our
efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the flow.
Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who
have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have
been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.
In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed
that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly
2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up
demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe
while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why
aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another
century.
People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge
common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible
without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions.
1. What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author?
A. We focus too much on process.
9关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
B. We still refuse to relax and go with the flow.
C. We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world.
D. We gradually lose the ability to question common belief.
2. What’s the correct order of the following statements?
a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round.
b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism.
c. We know about the concept of gravity.
d. Sailors noticed something special.
A. adcb B. adbc C. dabc D. dacb
3. Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet?”
A. An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC.
B. Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642.
C. Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727.
D. Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955.
4. How does the author develop his writing on the whole?
A. By comparison and contrast B. By using supporting examples.
C. By using time and space order. D. By generalization and definition.
【答案与解析】 本文是议论文，主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往
往会遭受不好的待遇，但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题，人类也就不可能进步了。
1. 推理判断题。根据“As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we
get used to the world around us and take things for granted.”以及“Common belief may work well, but that does
not mean it is always right.”可知，这里提到随着年龄的增长，我们习惯了周围的世界，把一切都视为理所当
然，因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on
the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知，水手们注
意到了一些特别的事情，因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的；根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian
astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of
heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略提出了“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so
quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear
for another century.”可知，后来人们知道了重力，因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round…the more
10关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
different stars they saw in the sky.”；“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei… and ended
up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心
说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the
planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地
球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于
1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据“Throughout history…that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in
human civilization.”；在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”
以及“the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the
‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质
疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。
5
（2024·河南鹤壁·一模）
The climate crisis (气候危机) may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals (哺乳类动物) with
smaller size appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said.
Professor Steve Brusatte at the University of Edinburgh suggested that the way in which other mammals
have responded (反应) to periods of climate change before brought thoughts of humans’ future. He said the
difficulty of people is similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose
around 55 million years ago.
Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas.
“The reasons are not fully understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area
relative to their size than larger animals and can thus better get rid of the excess (过多的) heat,” he writes.
Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He
added, “That’s not to say every kind of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival skill of
mammals when temperatures rise pretty quickly. So it does raise the question: if temperatures do rise quickly, might
humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly possible.”
However, not all experts agree that. Professor Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London,
doubts that humans will shrink as the climate heats. “We are not really controlled by the nature,” he said. “If that
11关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate
warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air
conditioning if it is too hot.”
1. What does the underlined word “shrink” most probably mean in Chinese?
A. 增大 B. 增多 C. 缩小 D. 减少
2. What happened to the early horses according to the text?
A. They were greatly hunted by humans.
B. They died out because of the hot weather.
C. They became other animals in 55 million years.
D. They became smaller because of the climate change.
3. Which of the following matches Brusatte’s opinion best?
A. B. C. D.
4. Why does the writer mention Lister’s words?
A. To support his idea. B. To start a different topic.
C. To give another opinion. D. To meet the reader’s need.
5. Where is the text probably from?
A. A history book. B. A tourist guide.
C. A health magazine. D. A science website.
【答案与解析】本文主要探讨了气候变暖与人类体型之间关系的两种观点。
1. 词句猜测题。根据“The climate crisis (气候危机) may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals (哺
乳类动物) with smaller size appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has
said.”和“He said the difficulty of people is similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as
12关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.”可知，气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳
动物似乎更能应对不断上升的全球气温。因此shrink应意为“缩小”。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“He said the difficulty of people is similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in
body size as temperatures rose around 55 million years ago.”可知，随着大约5500万年前气温的升高，马的体
型变小了。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据“He added,‘That’s not to say every kind of mammal would get smaller, … So it does raise
the question: if temperatures do rise quickly, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly possible.’ ”可
知，Brusatte认为如果气温迅速上升，人类会变得更小。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Brusatte said that becoming smaller was ‘a common way that mammals deal with climate
change’.”与“However, not all experts agree that.”可知，并非所有专家都同意这一点，因此作者提到了Lister
的话是为了给出另一种观点。故选C。
5. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了气候变化与人类体型之间的关系，内容与“科学”有关，
因此本文来源于科学网站。故选D。
6
（2024·重庆沙坪坝·二模）①The first half of the year 2024 has seen a lot of new products, such as smart
phones with new CPUs and self-driving cars. We, however, should know that these products aren’t inventions with
new technology. They are just things using old technology which appeared long ago: the first CPU was produced in
the 1960s and even the technology of self-driving is over 50 years old. It’s time for us to face the cold fact that the
creation of new technology is coming to a halt (停滞).
②In fact, there hasn’t been much new human technology since the 1980s. And the reason for the difficulties
in technological creation is simple: the easy creations have already been made, and now the hard ones are still on
the way.
③For example, in the early 19th century, Samul Morse invented the telegram (电报) on his own within
weeks. However, when it comes to the 20th century, a scientific breakthrough (突破) like nuclear power plants (核
电站), took more top scientists many years to make. That leads to the slowing-down and even the halt of new
technological creations.
④ ▲ . Two serious problems could be waiting for us. One is that the human population may be forced to
stop growing, because limited (有限的) land on the earth can only produce limited food. Unless new technology
appears to help double the food production, we can’t afford the ever-growth of the population.
⑤Another is that traveling freely among the stars may never come true. As we know, this kind of travel
13关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
needs 85% of lightspeed or higher. With our present technology, rockets today can only fly at 1.5% of lightspeed,
which stops us from exploring the outer space.
⑥So how can we turn this dark and hopeless future into a bright one? Talented young inventors are using AI
to put together the knowledge of countless scientists. Brave researchers on biology are working on super brains,
which may help humans have much better memories and thinking abilities. Actually, we all should be responsible
for the scientific breakthrough. Only through the efforts of all us humans can we have a bright future.
1. How does the writer show it’s harder to make new creations now in Paragraph 3?
A. By comparing facts. B. By listing numbers.
C. By telling stories. D. By asking questions.
2. Which is the best sentence to be put in the ▲ ?
A. Human population may be badly influenced by the halt.
B. The result of technological halt can be quite worrying.
C. Technological halt could have both good and bad results on us.
D. New technology will be brought to a bright future.
3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Smart phones are inventions with new technology.
B. Rockets in the future will be able to fly at 85% of lightspeed.
C. It’s us humans’ duty to realize the science breakthrough.
D. AI and research on biology may lead new technology to appear.
4. What’s the best structure for this passage?
A. B.
C. D.
【答案与解析】本文介绍目前新技术创造停滞的事实，呼吁人类要努力，我们才能有一个光明的未来。
1. 细节理解题。根据“For example, in the early 19th century, Samul Morse invented the telegram (电报) on his
own withinweeks. However, when it comes to the 20th century, a scientific breakthrough (突破) like nuclear power
plants (核电站), took more top scientists many years to make.”可知，作者通过比较事实表明现在很难进行新的
14关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
创造，故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据“Two serious problems could be waiting for us.”可知，可能有两个严重的问题在等着我
们，所以此处引出技术停滞带来的不良结果，选项B“技术停滞的结果可能相当令人担忧”符合语境，故选
B。
3. 推理判断题。根据“Talented young inventors are using AI to put together the knowledge of countless
scientists. Brave researchers on biology are working on super brains, which may help humans have much better
memories and thinking abilities.”可知，AI和生物研究可以帮助人们实现科技新的突破。故选D。
4. 篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出技术停滞这一问题；第二、三两段介绍现状和事实；第四、
五两段介绍技术停滞带来的问题；第六段提出解决办法、进行呼吁。故选C。
7
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）
Type in “A cat wants to go to space” and ask the robot to write a bedtime story. Just one second later, you’ll
get the story of Max, who was on his way past many difficulties to sing among the stars.
This robot writer is real. It’s called ChatGPT. It was developed by US company Open AI. It can translate
languages, talk with people and write songs, poems and even jokes. It’s one of the top AI tools of its kind, with
almost all the writing range (范围) of a real person! According to a US report of more than 1,000 students, over
89% of them have used ChatGPT to help with homework. Some students even got high marks thanks to papers
written by ChatGPT.
Some schools in the US, Australia and France have banned the use of ChatGPT. In the US, for example,
students and teachers in New York City public schools are not allowed (允许) to use ChatGPT on the networks and
devices (设备), CNN reported.
The move comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat (作弊) on homework.
Some also worry that ChatGPT could bring some problems at the same time. “It does not build critical-thinking(批
判性思维) and problem, solving skills, which are necessary for academic (学术的) and lifelong success,” said
Jenna Lyle, a secretary of the New York City Department of Education.
However, not all educators say “no” to ChatGPT. Some Canadian universities are makıng policies (政策) on
its use, for both students and teachers. They have no plans to completely stop the use of the tool so far.
1. The writer gives the example of “the cat story” in paragraph 1 mainly to ________.
15关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
A. introduce a fantastic bedtime book
B. tell what ChatGPT can do for animals
C. answer how ChatGPT learns about space
D. show the creative work by ChatGPT
2. According to Paragraph 2, ChatGPT is able to do many things: ________.
① translating languages ② talking with people ③ helping with housework ④ writing songs, poems and even jokes
A. ①②③ B. ②③④
C. ①②④ D. ①②③④
3. The underlined word “banned” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. advised to make B. said no to
C. helped to teach D. kept on trying
4. What do we know about ChatGPT from this passage?
A. It has both good points and bad points.
B. It will take the place of teachers one day.
C. It can do everything for humans in the future.
D. It isn’t among the top AI tools yet so far.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. What’s the Future of Education?
B. What Can AI Robots Bring Us?
C. Is ChatGPT a Good Study Tool or a Way to Cheat?
D. Will ChatGPT Take the Place of Teachers?
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能以及它的劣势和学校对此的措施。
1. 推理判断题。根据“Type in ‘A cat wants to go to space’ and ask the robot to write a bedtime story. Just one
second later, you’ll get the story of Max, who was on his way past many difficulties to sing among the stars”可推测
出，作者以这个例子说明ChatGPT可以做创造性的工作。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据“It can translate languages, talk with people and write songs, poems and even jokes”可知，
ChatGPT可以翻译语言、与人交谈、写歌、写诗歌甚至写笑话。故①②④正确。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据“Some schools in the US, Australia and France have banned the use of ChatGPT. In the
US, for example, students and teachers in New York City public schools are not allowed (允许) to use ChatGPT on
the networks and devices (设备)”可知，在美国，纽约市公立学校的学生和教师是不允许在网络和设备上使用
ChatGPT，所以是禁止使用ChatGPT，故此处划线部分意为“对……说不”。故选B。
16关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
4. 细节理解题。根据“It can translate languages, talk with people and write songs, poems and even jokes”以及
“The move comes out of worries that the tool could make it easier for students to cheat (作弊) on homework”可
知ChatGPT有优势，也有劣势。故选A。
30. 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能以及它的劣势和学校对此的措施，以选项C“ChatGPT是
一个很好的学习工具还是一种作弊方式”为标题最合适。故选C。
8
（2024·江苏·二模）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend received something
you really wanted for your birthday, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even
though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for
your happiness.
Why does focusing on me matter? “We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as
well as ourselves,” says psychologist (心理学家) Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements to your past
self (where you started) and your future self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive (积极的) .” This can
make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne
Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on
top.
Do comparisons make you unhappy? Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it
without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar
interests. However, it’s important to be realistic (务实的) and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online
and on social media. Taking notes of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own
strengths and what you’re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “What am I good
at?” “What do I feel proud of?” and “What improvements can I notice?” can help to improve your self-esteem (how
positive you feel about yourself).
“Jealousy (忌妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, “but focusing on improving your own performance
can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to
improve your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.”
“It will encourage you to build each other up.”
1. The underlined phrase “focusing on” means “_________”.
A. paying attention to B. making use of
C. playing a role in D. taking part in
17关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
2. According to Nicola Abbott, it is better to compare _________.
A. yourselves to others who are doing worse
B. your own past and future achievements
C. yourselves to others who often laugh at you
D. your failures with your past self and future self
3. What result can unrealistic comparisons have, as mentioned in the article?
A. They always lead to greater success.
B. They create long-time happiness and joy.
C. They may result in feelings of unhappiness.
D. They have little influence on your goals.
4. The purpose of the last paragraph is to suggest ________.
A. not arguing with those successful people
B. not minding the feeling of being jealous
C. trying to do better than those around you
D. learning to congratulate friends on the progress
【答案与解析】本文主要说明比较的意义，作者强调关注自己的进步对自身的幸福很重要。
1. 词句猜测题。根据“Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your
own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管这种比较很正常，有时也有帮助，但关注你自己的
进步对你的幸福很重要，因此focusing on指的是“关注”，与paying attention to同义，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future
self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive.”可知，Nicola Abbott认为把你的成就与过去的自己和未
来的自己进行比较是积极的，即最好对现在的自己，过去的自己，未来的自己进行比较，故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据“Do comparisons make you unhappy? ”及“However, it’s important to be realistic (务实
的) and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media.”可以推断，比较要务实，如果不
切实际的去比较，会给人带来不愉快的感受，故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to improve
your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.”可推断，这段的写作目的是学会祝贺朋友的成就，故选
D。
9
（2024·海南·模拟预测）
18关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
When ChatGPT came out, Olivia Lipkin, a copywriter in San Francisco, found herself with less and less
work to do. Last April, she was fired with no explanation. She realized the reason when hearing managers talking
about how using ChatGPT was at a lower cost than having a human writer. Eric Fein had worked in a writing
company for ten years. He became jobless last March because of ChatGPT. He said to his boss that ChatGPT
couldn’t write with his level of creativity. His boss said he understood, but he would have to pay more to Fein than
using ChatGPT.
AI systems like ChatGPT could replace (替代) hundreds of millions of jobs in the future. And for those who
write social media posts and ads, the effect is already here. However, experts say that even the best AI systems can’t
match the writing skills of a human. It doesn’t have a personal voice or style. Besides, it often gives the wrong
answers.
Indeed, companies that have replaced human workers with ChatGPT have run into trouble. CNET, a
technology news site, once used Al systems to write articles. The results, however, were full of mistakes. And the
U.S. National Eating Disorders Company once replaced its helpline workers with robots. But it had to stop using
the technology after the robots gave people harmful advice.
After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has decided to be an air-conditioning
technician(技师), a job that AI can’t do. And Lipkin now works as a dog walker. She says, “People are looking for
the cheapest solution, and that’s not a person-it’s a robot.”
1. Why did Lipkin and Fein lose their jobs?
A. There was less and less work for them to do.
B. ChatGPT was much more creative than them.
C. The cost savings were in the first place for the companies.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. AI systems will replace all kinds of jobs.
B. AI systems can write as well as human writers.
C. AI systems still have a long way to go.
3. What can we know about ChatGPT?
A. It requires no corrections in writing.
19关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
B. It may give wrong suggestions to users.
C. It can only be used to write articles.
4. Which of the following best describes Lipkin and Fein?
A. Humorous and honest. B. Strong-minded and hard-working. C. Patient and easy-going.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Will ChatGPT Replace Humans?
B. Should Humans Trust ChatGPT?
C. Will ChatGPT Become Creative?
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了ChatGPT将来可能会取代一些工作岗位，但是不能取代所
有岗位，文中列举了几家公司用ChatGPT取代人工后遇到的麻烦。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“She realized the reason when hearing managers talking about how using ChatGPT
was at a lower cost than having a human writer....but he would have to pay more to Fein than using ChatGPT.”可
知，使用ChatGPT的成本比聘请人写作更低，所以 Lipkin and Fein失业的原因是公司为了节省成本。故选
C。
2. 推理判断题。通过阅读第二段的内容可知，ChatGPT会取代一些工作岗位，但是即使是最好的人工智能
系统也无法与人类的写作技巧相提并论，说明人工智能系统还有很长的路要走。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“And the U.S. National Eating Disorders Company once replaced its helpline
workers with robots. But it had to stop using the technology after the robots gave people harmful advice.”可知，
ChatGPT可能会给用户错误的建议。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“After being replaced by ChatGPT, Fein and Lipkin didn’t give up. Fein has
decided to be an air-conditioning technician (技师), a job that AI can’t do. And Lipkin now works as a dog walker.
”可知，Lipkin and Fein失业之后没有放弃，找到工作，说明他们意志坚定并且很努力。故选B。
5. 最佳标题题。通过通读文章内容可知，本文主要在讨论ChatGPT是否将会取代人类。故选A。
10
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·二模）Since the beginning of this term, primary and junior high schools in
Shenzhen have carried out (执行) a new measure (措施) to make sure that students have daily physical education
(PE) classes. Shenzhen is the first city in the country to require schools to organize daily PE at the compulsory
education (义务教育) level.
Buxin Primary School in Luohu District started using a “3+1+1” model, which includes three regular (有规
律的，固定的，常规的) PE classes, one music-based (基于音乐的) exercise class, and one sports game class to
make sure a total of five PE classes per week.
20关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Because there aren’t enough PE teachers to teach all the new classes, the school had to ask teachers from
other subject areas to lead many of the PE classes.
Liu Xunhua, a Chinese-language teacher at the school, has taken on the role of a part-time PE teacher. Liu
leads students in activities such as jump rope and jumping jacks (开合跳).
“Everything is for the health of the students, and we support the new measure.” said Liu. Like other non-
professional (非专业的) PE teachers, Liu took PE training classes and found chances to learn from professional PE
teachers.
Chen Xinru, a grade 8 student from Xin’an Middle School, said that a daily PE class can improve their
learning abilities. “When I am tired, I can relax by running or playing basketball and I can become more focused in
class,” said Chen.
Luo Xing, a PE teacher from the same school, said that the daily PE class is a good thing for students’
physical and mental (智力的) health.
1. Why did Buxin Primary School begin using a “3+1+1” model?
A. To make students interested in PE classes.
B. To provide more music and sports game classes.
C. To make sure students have daily physical education.
D. To allow teachers from other subjects to teach more classes.
2. How do non-professional PE teachers improve their teaching skills?
A. By organizing daily PE classes. B. By taking PE training classes.
C. By taking part in sports games. D. By helping professional PE teachers.
3. According to Chen Xinru, how does a daily PE class help her study?
A. It lets her make more good friends.
B. It increases her interest in other subjects.
C. It improves her mental and physical health.
D. It helps her relax and focus better in class.
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Shenzhen requires schools to organize daily PE at the compulsory education (义务教育) level.
B. Non-professional teachers are leading Chinese classes.
C. Students can’t improve their learning abilities through PE.
D. Buxin Primary School is using a “3+1+1” model for music classes.
【答案与解析】本文讲述了国家颁布了加强学校体育教育的措施之后，深圳的一些学校在体育课的安排上
21关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
的情况以及学生，老师对此的看法。
1. 细节理解题。根据“to make sure that students have daily physical education (PE) classes”以及“make sure a
total of five PE classes per week.”可知，是为了确保学生每天都有体育课，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Like other non-professional (非专业的) PE teachers, Liu took PE training classes and
found chances to learn from professional PE teachers.”可知，通过参加体育培训班来提升教学技能，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据“When I am tired, I can relax by running or playing basketball and I can become more
focused in class,”可知，这有助于她在课堂上放松和更好地集中注意力，故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Shenzhen is the first city in the country to require schools to organize daily PE at the
compulsory education (义务教育) level.”可知，深圳要求学校在义务教育阶段组织日常体育活动，故选A。
22
