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13.主题阅读-生态环境
知识积累
一、主题阐述
初中英语阅读中的生态环境类文章，不仅是对学生语言理解能力的考验，更是对他们环保意识与生态
观念的培养。这类阅读通常围绕自然环境的现状、生态问题的成因、环境保护的重要性及可行的环保措施
等主题展开，通过生动的描述、具体的数据和实例，引导学生认识到人与自然和谐共生的重要性。在阅读
过程中，学生需要运用所学的词汇、句型和阅读技巧，如快速浏览、细节理解、归纳总结等，来把握文章
的主旨大意和关键信息。同时，这类文章也鼓励学生反思人类行为对自然环境的影响，激发他们保护环境
的责任感和行动力，从而在提升英语阅读能力的同时，也促进了学生综合素养的全面发展。
生态环境类文章会包含丰富的词汇和表达方式，如“protect the environment”（保护环境）、
“reduce pollution”（减少污染）、“conserve natural habitats”（保护自然栖息地）等，这些词汇不仅能
够帮助学生学习英语，还能让他们了解到保护生态环境的重要性。在阅读过程中，学生需要关注文章中的
细节，如具体的环保措施、动植物的保护情况等，以加深对文章内容的理解。同时，这类文章也通常会提
出一些建议或呼吁，如“We should all do our part to protect the environment.”（我们都应该为保护环境
尽一份力），这可以引导学生思考自己能为环保做些什么。
二、语篇特征
1.主题明确，聚焦环保
这类语篇通常围绕生态环境问题展开，如全球变暖、环境污染、资源短缺等，主题明确，旨在引导学
生关注生态环境问题，培养环保意识。
2.语言特点鲜明
使用特定词汇，如“ecology”（生态）、“environment”（环境）、“pollution”（污染）等，以及
相关的动词、形容词和短语，构成语篇的词汇基础。
句式多样，可能采用强调句、反问句等句式来增强表达效果，如“Only by protecting the environment
can we ensure a sustainable future.”（只有通过保护环境，我们才能确保可持续的未来。）
3.内容结构清晰
引言部分 ：简要介绍生态环境问题的背景或现状，引出主题。
主体部分 ：详细阐述生态环境问题的具体表现、影响及原因，可能包含数据、事实或案例来支持观点。
结论部分 ：总结生态环境问题的严重性，提出解决措施或呼吁大家共同行动。 4
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4.蕴含文化价值
这类语篇不仅传递生态环境知识，还蕴含对生态环境的尊重和保护意识，反映人类与自然和谐共生的
价值观。
三、主题词汇
1.基础词汇 源
environment 环境 save and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜资源
pollution 污染 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
climate change 气候变化 recycle 回收利用
ecosystem 生态系统 ban the abuse of plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋
biodiversity 生物多样性 3. 具体环境问题与现象
habitat 栖息地 global warming 全球变暖
conservation保护 solar energy 太阳能
sustainable可持续的 water pollution 水污染
endangered species濒危物种 air pollution 空气污染
renewable energy可再生能源 soil erosion 水土流失
solar power太阳能 desertification 沙漠化
wind power风能 greenhouse effect 温室效应
recycling回收利用 ecological degradation 生态系统退化
composting堆肥 4. 环保政策与措施
waste reduction减少废物 ecological red lines 生态红线
2. 环保行动与理念 green development 绿色发展
sustainable 可持续的 eco-compensation system 生态补偿制度
endangered species 濒危物种 ecological and environmental governance 生态环境
raise one’s environmental awareness 提高环保意识 治理
make proper use of water resources 合理利用水资 voluntary tree-planting activity 义务植树活动
突破练习
1
Floods, droughts (干旱), storms, hot days...extreme weather is becoming more and more common all over
the world. It’s reported that this is caused by greenhouse gas emission from human activities, according to China
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Daily.
Many people are suffering this summer. Areas of Europe were hit by big thunderstorms. In Portugal and
Spain, huge wildfires have forced thousands to leave their homes. In the US, more than 80 percent of the west is in
drought, up from just 20 percent in 2021. In China, the heat has influenced the south since June. The duration of
this year’s high temperatures will break the 62-day record in 2013, becoming the longest heat wave in 61 years.
Extreme weather events are affecting people’s livelihoods. They are not only killing people and destroying
homes but also make more people into hunger. Millions in East Africa have little food to eat today, according to the
World Health Organization. For four years, there wasn’t enough rain during the summer and the land was too dry to
grow food. Some hydro-power (水电) stations in Sichuan Province are short of water and can’t produce enough
electricity. A farmer from Sichuan showed the grapes he grew have dried because of high temperatures. Some
animal farms also face the danger of water shortage. Extreme weather has also made 218 of the known 375 diseases
more serious. As viruses try to live at the higher temperatures, they gradually become stronger and harder to kill.
Extreme weather is a warning to us. It’s time for everyone to take action to slow down climate change. We
can drive less, plant trees, save water, buy less plastic and do lots of other things, too.
1．What does the underlined word “suffering” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Enjoying. B．Experiencing. C．Fighting. D．Regretting.
2．What extreme weather hit America this summer?
A．Floods. B．Thunderstorms. C．Heat wave. D．Droughts.
3．Why are extreme weather events affecting people’s livelihoods?
A．Because it didn’t rain all the year.
B．Because they make many farmers’ grapes die.
C．Because the land is too dry to farm for farmers.
D．Because they cause viruses to become stronger enough to be killed.
4．What’s the correct order of the main idea according to the text?
a. People around the world get into trouble because of extreme weather.
b. Extreme weather has a bad influence on people’s living.
c. Extreme weather becomes a common problem in the world.
d. People should take measures to deal with extreme weather.
A．cbda B．cabd C．acbd D．dbac
5．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To praise the spirit of working together.
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B．To introduce what the extreme weather is.
C．To show the ways of fighting extreme weather.
D．To draw people’s attention to extreme weather.
2
Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their
nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into (调查) about 35, 000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds
have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be
helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can
keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard
things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in
cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to
the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby
birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad
effects of humans polluting the environment.
1．What did the European scientists find?
A．Some people help birds build their nests.
B．There is rubbish in the nests of many birds.
C．There is almost no bird living in Antarctica.
D．Birds can help clean the environment.
2．Which of the following things is NOT used by the birds to build their nest according to the passage?
A．Paper cards. B．Cigarette butts. C．Plastic bags. D．Wooden boards.
3．How can cigarette butts “help” birds?
A．They can burn other harmful rubbish.
B．They can make nests stronger.
C．They can stop insects from getting close.
D．They can keep birds warm.
4．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The bad influence that human rubbish has on the birds.
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B．The harm that the environment bring to the wild animals.
C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests.
D．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment.
3
A wooly (羊毛的) coat and a head of human hair have more in common than you might think. Both include
keratin fibers (角蛋白纤维) and both provide warmth. A European company, Human Material Loop, is now
questioning why one is worn and the other is wasted. They want to change the clothing industry by turning human
hair into a fabric (织物).
Every year, Europeans produce 72 million kilograms of human hair waste. When hair waste breaks down in
a rubbish bag, it gives off greenhouse gases (气体). Many countries burn this waste, but that’s not environmentally
friendly, either.
Zsofia Kollar, who started Human Material Loop, explains that using the hair fabric is not that different from
using any other material. Short and broken hairs are made into fabric and colored. Human Material Loop’s first
product was a sweater. It had a wool-like feel. The company has also made an outdoor coat and shown its ability to
keep the wearer warm. These clothes are not for sale, though. The company’s purpose is to get the attention of
clothing companies. It hopes that one day they will buy its hair fabric to make their own clothes.
Kollar understands that most people aren’t ready to wear human hair on their bodies. They may find the idea
strange. But historically, Kollar points out, human hair has been used as a fabric in many cultures. In the 13th
century, for example, people in what is now the southwestern United States used human hair to make socks. “There
is much work to do to get people to accept hair fabric,” Kollar says. “But I can see it coming more and more into
our daily lives, over time.”
1．What do a wooly coat and human hair have in common?
A．They both have keratin fibers. B．They are both cheap and useful.
C．They can both keep people cool. D．They are both good for environment.
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 2?
A．The fabric. B．The hair waste. C．The wooly coat. D．The rubbish bag.
3．What can we learn from paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Using human hair fabric is very different from using others.
B．The sweater made of hair by Human Material Loop sells well.
C．Most people think it smart to wear human hair on their body.
D．Human hair was used as a fabric hundreds of years ago.
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4．How might Kollar feel about the future of hair fabric?
A．Worried. B．Bored. C．Hopeful. D．Uncertain.
4
out a thousand million (百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their
share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by
keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running
into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes,
ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses
come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process
(加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water
and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for
everyone.
1．Where is the fresh water on our planet from?
A．Rivers and lakes. B．Rivers and oceans.
C．Lakes and seas. D．Seas and oceans.
2．Treating wastewater helps the environment by ________.
A．storing waste in ice and snow
B．letting waste run into oceans
C．keeping waste out of rivers and oceans
D．sending waste to coastal countries
3．What does the underlined word “desalination” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．远洋运输 B．潮汐发电
C．食盐销售 D．海水淡化
4．How much wastewater around the world is not treated?
A．75% B．2% C．98% D．80%
5．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Water should be a human right.
B．The water problem is still serious.
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C．Our planet is covered with water.
D．Everyone has enough clean water.
5
①Around the world, people are more and more worried about the environment. Many people now prefer
products and companies (公司) that care about the earth and cause less pollution. This need for green products has
led large companies to change their business.
②Before, customers used cheap plastic bags, and then threw them away. But now most supermarkets and
stores usually provide reusable shopping bags for them. This causes less waste. They also offer more local products,
because less energy is needed for carrying them from one place to another.
③To help lower air pollution, big car factories are looking for other ways to control the amount (数量) of oil.
Cars that use much less oil are very popular. Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce
no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage—they are cheaper to run and people don’t need to
worry about oil prices.
④The airline companies face an even greater green challenge. Airplanes use much more oil than cars. So
many airlines are now developing planes that can run on some other kinds of oil. They create less pollution and cost
less. The companies are also developing a new kind of planes, and some of them use only solar panels (太阳能板)
to fly!
⑤Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But now, more and more
companies have to show they care about the environment. Many products are marked “green” in order to look nice.
However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products. It’s important to make sure the products are
as environmentally friendly as the businessmen say.
1．Why are big car factories looking for other ways to control the amount of oil?
A．To be cheaper to run. B．To use more oil. C．To help lower air pollution.
2．What are the advantages of electric cars according to the passage?
a. Using cheap oil. b. Running at low costs. c. Producing no air pollution.
A．a and b B．b and c C．a and c
3．The last sentence of the passage is written to ________.
A．show the green products are healthy
B．encourage people to buy green products
C．tell people to choose green products carefully
4．Which is the best structure of the passage?
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A． B． C．
5．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Green Is Cheaper
B．Green Is Good Business
C．Green Makes Life Easier
6
What do you do with clothes you don’t want to wear anymore? You may donate them or give them to other
people. What happens next? Where do these clothes end up?
It’s reported that 92 million tons of clothes end up in landfills every year. This means that every second a
truck full of clothes arrives at a landfill.
Sadly, the beaches of Ghana, a country in West Africa, are one of these places. Now, the beaches are covered
with clothing waste.
People from all over the world donate clothes to charity. However, charity shops only sell up 20 percent of
donated clothes, said the Guardian. The unsold clothes are then put in large bags and travel to other countries to be
sold again or treated as waste.
The Kantamanto market in Accra, the capital of Ghana, is one of the world’s largest secondhand clothing
markets. Every week, 20 million pieces of clothes arrive at Kantamanto. But about 40 percent of them leave the
market as waste.
Workers either burn the waste or put it underground. However, the city is near the sea, so there’s not enough
space for landfills. This is why a lot of clothing waste ends up on the beach. As it goes into the sea, fish and other
sea life are in danger. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t get to the land, and fish can’t grow because they may get caught in
the clothes.
The waste is also hurting the economy (经济), Ernest Ijawan, a worker at a landfill in Ghana, told Forbes.
Fishers can’t catch as many fish as before since most of the things they catch are clothes.
According to another survey, many fast fashion clothes are worn only 7 to 10 times, and then they are thrown
away.
Around 15 years ago, this number was 10 to 15 times. People maybe haven’t realized that our clothes can be
bad for the environment. But that’s the fact. So please think twice before we buy clothes or throw them away.
1．The writer explains his point by ________.
A．listing numbersB．telling stories C．giving examples D．both A and C
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2．How did a piece of old clothes in Ghana end up on the beach?
①Nobody bought it. ②There was no place for landfills.
③The person donated it to charity. ④It was treated as waste.
⑤It was put in one charity shop.
A．⑤③①④② B．⑤②④③① C．③⑤①④② D．③⑤②④①
3．The writer thinks our clothes can be bad for the environment because ________.
A．as it goes into the sea, fish and other sea life are in danger
B．charity shops only sell up 20 percent of donated clothes
C．every second a truck full of clothes arrives at a landfill
D．the beaches of Ghana are covered with clothing waste
4．What can we learn from Paragraphs 8-9?
A．The fishermen will live a hard life. B．We shouldn’t buy too many clothes.
C．The fish will be expensive. D．We should think carefully about clothes.
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The harm our clothes do to the environment.
B．The ways to deal with the clothes we don’t want to wear.
C．The reasons why there is so much clothing waste.
D．The introduction of the world’s largest secondhand clothing market.
7
International Polar Bear Day
The 2024 International Polar Bear Day is coming! Let’s get to know the largest bears and learn how to
protect them!
Some facts about polar bears
Color
They are actually black, not white. They appear white because their hair refects (反射) sunlight.
Skills
·They have an amazing sense of smell. They can smell a seal from 20 miles away.
·They are excellent swimmers. They can swim at a speed of 6 miles per hour.
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·They can keep themselves warm even in very low temperatures.
Challenges that polar bears face.·They depend on sea ice for resting, hunting (猎食) and breeding (繁殖), but the
area of sea ice is becoming smaller and smaller.
·People dump oil waste or other harmful things into the sea, which puts them in danger.
·They still face the danger of being hunted by humans.
Things we can do to protect polar bears·Travel on foot, by bike or by public transport.
·Offer money and help to organizations that protect polar bears.
·Recycle as often as possible.
·Call for more people to pay attention to the living environment of polar bears.
1．An adult male polar bear weighs as much as ________ men.
A．6 B．12 C．20 D．75
2．What do polar bears mainly eat?
A．Birds. B．Fish. C．Eggs. D．Seals.
3．Why is sea ice important to polar bears?
A．They need it to store food.
B．They can’t keep warm without it.
C．They need it to hunt and produce babies.
D．They can’t swim and can only walk on ice.
4．What can we do to protect polar bears?
① ② ③ ④
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
5．What can we learn about polar bears?
A．They are actually white.
B．They have very good hearing.
C．There are still people hunting them.
D．They are the largest animals in the world.
8
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
On March 4th, after 10 years of difficult talks, nearly 200 countries agreed to a new UN agreement-the High
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Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》) . It is the first of its kind in 40 years, 1
Oceans cover about 71% of the earth’s surface, and are home to all animals and plants. Healthy oceans play a
very important role in a healthy planet. 2 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence on many
fishes and other animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破坏) in many areas.
In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by
any country. 3 The high seas cover about 2/3 of the ocean. But now only l.2% of these areas are
protected. 4 It also requires that the research should first be done to see what influence human’s activities
might have on the ocean environment.
During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 5 For example, there are
disagreements about how much to control fishing or pollution, Now the agreement has a long way to go, which
must be officially accepted at a UN meeting and be supported by enough countries before it works.
A．But the oceans are in trouble.
B．And it’s a great achievement in protecting the world’s oceans.
C．The agreement was finally reached after difficult discussions.
D．So all countries have the right (权利) to fish and send ships there.
E．That is because different countries have their own different ideas.
F．The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas.
G．Oceans are important for everything on the earth.
9
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you noticed that there are more parks in cities these days? From “pocket parks” between communities
to forest parks in the outer cities, local governments have been making efforts to make China’s cities greener.
1 . These leisure spaces open up forests so that visitors can walk through nature and get closer to
wildlife. The city will build more than 50 woodland parks by 2025.
In some cities, more companies and universities have chosen to “open their gates” and share their greenery.
For example, the Shanghai Research Institute of Sport Science opened its 1,000 km2 green land to the public. The
park is joined by historical buildings in the area, 2 . In Nanning, parks aren’t just used for leisure. For one
thing, parks have become a place to spread intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) to the public. The
People’s Park has held several shows for free. And these parks also welcome visitors to watch Nanning’s traditional
Yong Opera. 3 . That’s why the new Nanning Flowers Park provides several yards for playing ball games,
and it often holds fitness activities.
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Besides meeting people’s needs, 4 . Take Beijing’s Central Green Forest Park as an example. The
park has reached carbon-neutral (碳中和) since it was opened in 2020. This means that although the facilities (设
施) lead to the increase of CO in the park, the plants there can take in more to make up. The park also fully reuses
2
rainwater and creates green energy for the park.
5 . They meet people’s needs for a better living experience and are a people-centered idea that takes
the form of an improved natural environment in all fields.
A．providing more space for tourists to have a rest
B．parks can also be good for the environment
C．helping people have more time to do exercise
D．People in China want more and more parks
E．As cities in China become greener, “park cities” are becoming a reality
F．For another, more local people choose to go to the park for exercise
G．From 2021 to 2022, Shanghai has turned 62 woodlands into leisure (休闲) spaces
10
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A problem is only a problem until there is a solution(解决办法). We find solutions by thinking creatively.
1 In other words, we think outside the box. Sometimes, thinking outside the box solves not just one, but two
problems. Amsterdam is one of the most crowded cities in Europe. As a result, housing is very expensive,
especially for students.
2 However, finding this type of apartments was almost impossible until recently. While the colleges in
Amsterdam were trying to solve the housing problem, thousands of shipping contains(集装箱) were lying quietly in
ports(港口) around the world. These huge steel containers carry products from one country to another. The life of
each container is about 10 years. 3 Yet they can’t recycle all of them because there are so many.
Back in Amsterdam, a company came up with amazing idea. Why not reuse these shipping containers as student
apartments? 4 They are all the same size and fit together perfectly. The steel is strong. Moreover, these
containers are so widely available that they are quite cheap to buy. For all these reasons, they can be used to build
apartments quickly and cheaply. Building began in 2005, and after only a few weeks, hundreds of Amsterdam
students had new homes.
When students first heard about this idea, they thought the container apartments would be small, noisy, and cold.
5 Each container apartment has a kitchen, a bedroom with a study area, and a bathroom. The apartments are
warm and quiet. They even have a high-speed Internet connection. Living in a shipping container has become
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popular. Today, over 3,000 Amsterdam students live in the con tainer village.
A．Students need low-cost apartments.
B．The containers are great for building apartments.
C．In fact, these apartments are not in good condition.
D．However, they were surprised when they saw them.
E．Steel companies recycle some of the old containers.
F．Recycling the steel containers has many ideas.
G．We use our imagination and come up with creative advantages.
参考答案
1
【答案与解析】本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带来的灾
难。
1．词义猜测题。根据“Areas of Europe were hit by big thunderstorms...becoming the longest heat wave in 61
years.”可知，许多国家的人们都在经历极端天气，所以划线单词意为“经历”，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“In the US, more than 80 percent of the west is in drought, up from just 20 percent in
2021.”可知，美国今年夏天遭受干旱，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“For four years, there wasn’t enough rain during the summer and the land was too dry to
grow food.”可知，夏天雨水不足，土地太干，无法种植粮食，C选项符合，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“extreme weather is becoming more and more common all over the world”，“Many
people are suffering this summer.”，“Extreme weather events are affecting people’s livelihoods.”及“It’s time for
everyone to take action to slow down climate change.”可知，正确的顺序为cabd，故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据“Extreme weather is a warning to us. It’s time for everyone to take action to slow down
climate change.”可知，本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带
来的灾难。目的是为了引起人们对极端天气的注意。故选D。
2
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了许多鸟类正在用人类的垃圾筑巢，这一做法既有利也有弊。
1．细节理解题。根据“They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth
except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests.” 可知，他
们发现许多鸟类的巢里都有垃圾。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect
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the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can
make nests stronger.”可知，鸟会用烟头、塑料袋和纸卡来筑巢。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect
the baby birds.”可知，烟头可以阻止昆虫靠近。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (有毒
的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study.”可知，
本段主要讲了人类垃圾对鸟类的不良影响。故选A。
3
【答案与解析】本文是一篇科技新闻，主要介绍了欧洲一家名为Human Material Loop的公司正在尝试将人
类的头发制成织物，用于制作衣物，以此来改变服装行业，同时也解决了人类头发废弃物的环保问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A wooly (羊毛的) coat and a head of human hair have more in common than you
might think. Both include keratin fibers (角蛋白纤维) and both provide warmth. ”可知，羊毛外套和人类头发的
共同点是它们都含有角蛋白纤维。故选A。
2．句意猜测题。根据第二段“When hair waste breaks down in a rubbish bag, it gives off greenhouse gases (气
体)”可知，当头发废弃物在垃圾袋中分解时，头发会释放出温室气体，这里的it指的是头发废弃物。故选
B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“But historically, Kollar points out, human hair has been used as a fabric in many
cultures. In the 13th century, for example, people in what is now the southwestern United States used human hair to
make socks.”可知，从历史上看，人类的头发在许多文化中都被用作织物。例如，在13世纪，现在美国西
南部的人们用人的头发做袜子，所以D项表述正确。故选D。
4．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“‘There is much work to do to get people to accept hair fabric’ Kollar
says. ‘But I can see it coming more and more into our daily lives, over time’.”可知，Kollar对头发织物的未来充
满了希望。故选C。
4
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了全球水资源的短缺问题，以及如何通过处理废水和海水淡
化等方式来解决这个问题。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water
—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow.”可知，我们的星球上的淡水来自河流、湖泊、冰和雪。故选
A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also
helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.”可知，处理废水有助于保护环境，因为它可
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以防止废物进入河流和海洋。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been
built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every
day. ”可知，这些工厂每天处理超过9200万吨的水，这是通过海水淡化的方式进行的，所以“desalination”
意为“海水淡化”。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running
into oceans.”可知，全球有80%的废水没有得到处理。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone
has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.”可知，尽管科
学家们正在努力创造更便宜的技术来生产更多的清洁水，但目前全球仍面临着水资源短缺的问题。故选
B。
5
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产
品，这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。
1．细节理解题。根据“To help lower air pollution, big car factories are looking for other ways to control the
amount (数量) of oil.”可知，为了减少空气污染，大型汽车厂正在寻找其他方法来控制石油的使用量。故选
C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at
all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage—they are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil
prices.”可知，电动汽车的优点是它们不会造成空气污染和运行成本低。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“It’s important to make sure the products are as environmentally friendly as the
businessmen say.”可知，重要的是要确保产品像商人所说的那样环保，故可推知最后一句是为了告诉人们要
谨慎选择绿色产品。故选C。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，第一段总领全文，引出话题，为第一部分；第二、三、四段分别介
绍了一些公司为了保护环境而生产出的绿色环保产品，为第二部分；最后一段是在总结全文。故选A。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知，主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产品，
这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。故选项B“绿色是好生意”。故选B。
6
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述来自世界各地捐赠但未售出的衣物最终成为垃圾，被丢弃在
非洲西部国家加纳的海滩上，对当地经济和海洋生物造成了伤害。
1．细节理解题。根据“It’s reported that 92 million tons of clothes end up in landfills every year.”及“Every
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week, 20 million pieces of clothes arrive at Kantamanto. But about 40 percent of them leave the market as waste.”
可知作者用了列数字的方法；根据“Sadly, the beaches of Ghana, a country in West Africa, are one of these
places. Now, the beaches are covered with clothing waste.”及“The Kantamanto market in Accra, the capital of
Ghana, is one of the world’s largest secondhand clothing markets.”可知作者使用了举例子的方法。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“People from all over the world donate clothes to charity. However, charity shops only sell
up 20 percent of donated clothes, said the Guardian. The unsold clothes are then put in large bags and travel to
other countries to be sold again or treated as waste.”可知先是世界各地的人们向慈善机构捐赠衣服，然后在慈
善商店出售，未售出的衣服被放入大袋子中，运往其他国家再次出售或作为废物处理。再由“Workers
either burn the waste or put it underground. However, the city is near the sea, so there’s not enough space for
landfills.”可知最后是没有足够的空间进行垃圾填埋。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“As it goes into the sea, fish and other sea life are in danger. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t get to
the land, and fish can’t grow because they may get caught in the clothes.”可知作者认为我们的衣服对环境有害，
是因为当它流入大海时，鱼和其他海洋生物处于危险之中。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“So please think twice before we buy clothes or throw them away.”及第八、九段的内容
可知，主要是呼吁人们买衣服或者扔掉衣服之前要三思。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述来自世界各地捐赠但未售出的衣物最终成为垃圾，被丢弃在非
洲西部国家加纳的海滩上，对当地经济和海洋生物造成了伤害。故选项A“我们的衣服对环境的危害”符合
文章主旨，故选A。
7
【答案与解析】本文介绍了北极熊以及如何保护它们。
1．细节理解题。根据“An adult male polar bear weighs about 750 kg, which is about the same weight as 12
men”可知一只成年雄性北极熊的体重约为750公斤，大约相当于12个男人的重量。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据图表food可知，主要吃Seals（海豹），故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“They depend on sea ice for resting, hunting (猎食) and breeding”可知它们需要它来狩
猎和生产婴儿。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“Travel on foot, by bike or by public transport.”、“Offer money and help to
organizations that protect polar bears.”、“Recycle as often as possible.”可知有骑自行车、捐钱以及回收利用。
故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“They still face the danger of being hunted by humans.”可知它们仍然面临着被人类猎
杀的危险。故选C。
8
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【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了海洋的重要性，并讲述为了保护海洋，近200个国家同意了一项新的联合
国协议——《公海保护协议》。
1．根据前句“It is the first of its kind in 40 years.”可知此处介绍这个协议的重要性，选项B“这是保护世界海
洋的伟大成就。”符合语境。故选B。
2．根据后句“Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence on many kinds of fish and other animals.
Pollution has caused serious damage (破坏) in many areas.”可知此处介绍海洋处在危险中，选项A“但海洋却陷
入了困境。”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据前句“In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the ‘high seas’—the parts of the oceans that aren’t
controlled by any country”可知每个国家都可以使用海洋中不受任何国家控制的部分，选项D“因此，所有国
家都有权在那里捕鱼并派遣船只。”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据前句“But now only 1.2% of these areas are protected.”可知此处讲述协议通过之后，有多少海洋受到
保护，选项F“新协议设定了将30%的公海变成保护区的目标。”符合语境。故选F。
5． 根据前句“During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again.”可知此处介绍不断举行谈话
的原因，选项E“这是因为不同的国家有自己不同的想法。”符合语境。故选E。
9
【答案与解析】本文主要讲从社区之间的“口袋公园”到城市外围的森林公园，地方政府一直在努力使中
国的城市更加绿色。
1．根据“These leisure spaces open up forests so that visitors can walk through nature and get closer to wildlife.”
可知此处提到了休闲空间，G项“从2021年到2022年，上海已经将62片林地变成了休闲空间”符合语境。
故选G。
2．根据“The park is joined by historical buildings in the area”可知与历史建州相连，A项“为游客提供更多
的休息空间”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据“For one thing”可知此处讲另一方面，F项“另一方面，更多的当地人选择去公园锻炼”符合语境。
故选F。
4．根据“The park has reached carbon-neutral (碳中和) since it was opened in 2020.”可知对环境有好处，B项
“公园对环境也有好处”符合语境。故选B。
5．根据“They meet people’s needs for a better living experience and are a people-centered idea that takes the
form of an improved natural environment in all fields.”可知它满足了人们对更好的生活体验的需求，是一种以
人为本的理念，表现为在各个领域改善自然环境，这是“公园城市”，E项“随着中国城市越来越环保，
‘公园城市’正在成为现实”符合语境。故选E。
10
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【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了解决旧集装箱问题的方法，一些被钢铁公司回收，一些被
建成了学生公寓，现在有很多学生住在集装箱的公寓里。
1．由“We find solutions by thinking creatively. ”可知，说的是创造性的思维，选项G“我们运用想象力，创
造出创造性的优势。”符合语境，故选G。
2．由“As a result, housing is very expensive, especially for students.”和“However, finding this type of
apartments was almost impossible until recently.”可知，对于学生来说住房很贵，他们很难找到廉价公寓，选
项A“学生需要廉价公寓。”符合语境，故选A。
3．由“The life of each container is about 10 years.”和“Yet they can’t recycle all of them because there are so
many.”可知，集装箱的寿命大约10年，但太多了钢铁公司不能全部回收，选项E“钢铁公司回收一些旧集
装箱。”符合语境，故选E。
4．由“Why not reuse these shipping containers as student apartments? ”可知，应该用这些集装箱建造学生公
寓，选项B“集装箱非常适合建造公寓。”符合语境，故选B。
5．由“When students first heard about this idea, they thought the container apartments would be small, noisy, and
cold .”和“Each container apartment has a kitchen, a bedroom with a study area, and a bathroom.”可知，学生们
认为集装箱公寓会不太好，但是每个集装箱公寓都有厨房，卧室，书房和浴室，选项D“然而，当他们看到
它们时，他们感到惊讶。”符合语境，故选D。
18
