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14.主题阅读-健康生活
知识积累
一、主题阐释
生态环境类文章主要围绕 生态环境现状与问题 、 环保行动与政策 两大主题展开。 生态环境现状与问题
方面，常涉及空气污染、水污染、土壤污染等严重问题，以及全球变暖、生态系统退化等全球性挑战 。这
些文章通过描述环境问题的严重性和紧迫性，引导学生关注生态环境状况。 环保行动与政策 方面，则重点
介绍政府和社会各界为保护环境所采取的措施，如立法控制污染、推广绿色发展理念、实施生态补偿制度
等 。这类内容旨在培养学生的环保意识和责任感，鼓励他们积极参与环保行动。通过阅读这些文章，学生
不仅能了解生态环境知识，还能提升环保素养和解决问题的能力。
二、语篇特征
1.主题明确
健康生活类阅读语篇通常围绕“健康”这一核心主题展开，涉及饮食、运动、作息等多个方面， 旨在
引导学生关注健康生活方式，培养健康意识。
2.内容实用
这类语篇往往包含大量实用的健康知识和生活建议，如低脂饮食的热量摄入、合理作息的重要性等，
能够帮助学生了解健康生活的具体实践方法 。
3.语言贴近生活
健康生活类阅读语篇的语言通常贴近学生的日常生活，使用简单明了的词汇和句式， 便于学生理解和
吸收相关信息。
4.结构清晰
这类语篇通常结构清晰，有明确的引言、主体和结论部分。 引言部分引出健康主题，主体部分详细阐
述健康知识和建议，结论部分总结并强调健康生活的重要性 。
5.教育意义强
健康生活类阅读语篇不仅传递健康知识，还蕴含深刻的教育意义。 通过阅读这类语篇，学生可以认识
到健康生活的重要性，从而自觉养成健康的生活习惯 。
三、主题词汇
1. 基础概念 state of health 健康状况
healthy living 健康生活 mental health 精神健康
physical health 身体健康 2.行为与习惯
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do/get exercise 锻炼 feel ill/awful 感觉病了/不舒服
regular exercise 定期锻炼 indigestion 消化不良
eat fresh vegetables and fruits 吃新鲜蔬菜和水果 high blood pressure 高血压
a well-balanced diet 均衡饮食 4 对健康有害的因素
drink a glass of milk 喝一杯牛奶 be harmful to 对……有害
3状态与问题 junk food 垃圾食品
in excellent condition 健康状况很好 food additives 食品添加剂
feel well 感觉好
突破练习
1
Sugar is a sweet thing that is used to cook food and can make drinks sweet. And it is loved by most people.
How can something be so nice but so bad for us?
Naturally producing sugar, for example in fruit, is considered healthy. However, refined (精制的) sugar is
not healthy and is added to many processed foods to make them taste better. To people’s surprise, this refined sugar
can be found in many delicious foods like bread. Besides that, refined sugar has no value to our health and offers
empty calories (卡路里). It also has no fiber (纤维素), unlike the natural sugar in fruit, so it is easy to eat a lot. Too
many calories lead to putting on more weight. Too much sugar will also harm our teeth and we even get some
diseases in our later life.
So what can we do about too much sugar, especially the hidden sugar in our diet? It seems that we can get
some help from the government. It should regulate the amount (数量) of sugar that companies can add to foods.
Next, schools should tell students about the health problems of eating too much sugar. What’s more, it is necessary
for students to eat more vegetables and fruit with less sugar.
Although sugar is delicious, it still puts our future health at risk. It is important for young people to know
about the danger of eating too much sugar.
1．Why is refined sugar added to many foods?
A．To make foods fresher.
B．To make foods more delicious.
C．To increase the weight of foods.
2．What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in Chinese?
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A．控制 B．增加 C．完善
3．What should students do to avoid eating too much sugar according to the passage?
A．Try to drink a lot of water everyday.
B．Eat refined sugar instead of natural sugar.
C．Eat more vegetables and fruit with less sugar in daily life.
4．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Is Sugar Harmful?
B．What Are Health Problems?
C．Where Does the Sugar Come from?
2
Grown-ups can’t often remember much about what happened in their early age. As a result, some people
think we aren’t able to make memories before we’re 4 or 5years old. But researchers studying early memories don’t
think so. They believe we do start making memories at a very young age. However, what we remember about our
early years seems to change as we grow up.
Researchers worked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children to describe their
earliest memory. Then they asked them about how old they were when the event took place. Next, they asked the
children’s parents to make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written down. Two years
later, the researchers went back to the children and asked them again, “What’s your earliest memory?”
Nearly all the children who were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said something very different in
the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they’d said the first time, many of the
children said: “No! That never happened to me.” On the other hand, many of the children who were between 10 and
13 at the first interview described the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our
memories change in the early years, but that at around the age of ten, the things that we remember remain.
According to the study, the researchers also found that children’s early memories were often happy ones.
However, people used to think that most early memories were about very stressful things that happened to them as
children, because bad things stand out in mind. In fact, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the
children said they remembered.
1．What do we know about our memories according to the research?
A．We don’t remember stressful things in life.
B．We don’t realize we can change our memories.
C．We begin to make memories when we are little.
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D．We start to make memories at around the age of 10.
2．How does the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memories are true?
A．By recording their answers.
B．By turning to their parents for help.
C．By asking them again two years later.
D．By dividing them into different groups.
3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The children aged from 8 to 11 in the first interview.
B．The children aged from 10 to 13 in the first interview.
C．The children aged from 4 to 7 in the second interview.
D．The children aged from 6 to 9 in the second interview.
4．What will the researchers probably go on studying according to the passage?
A．What children’s first or earliest memory actually is.
B．Who is responsible for checking children’s memories.
C．Why children remember certain events but not others.
D．Whether the earliest memory change as people grow up.
3
Chips, cookies and ice-cream...Many kinds of food that we like are ultra-processed (超加工). And you may
be addicted to (上瘾) them, said a new study in the British Medical Journal.
What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)? In short, you can’t re-create them in your kitchen. They are usually
made in factories. They have long list of additives (添加剂)—some you may never have heard of.
The study looked into 281 other studies from 36 different countries and areas. It found that UPF lovers may
strongly crave such food. If they stop eating it, they can feel very sad.
Why are UPFs addictive? Usually, natural foods are either high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) or high in
fat.
UPFs, however, are usually high in both. So, such foods can have more calories than natural foods.
Such foods also bring carbohydrates and fat to the gut (肠道) faster. Our body breaks down the fat from
natural foods slowly. However, the body breaks down the fat in UPFs as soon as it reaches the stomach. This makes
the brain create more dopamine (多巴胺). It makes you feel happier and want to eat more.
About 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children are addicted to UPFs, said the study. They cause
problems to people’s health around the world. Scientists are now calling for more attention to the UPFs.
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1．What do we know about ultra-processed foods?
A．They are actually not eatable.
B．We can find them in natural foods.
C．It takes a long time to cook them in kitchens.
D．They have many different kinds of additives.
2．What does the underlined word “crave” mean in the passage?
A．Look for. B．Run for. C．Wish for. D．Leave for.
3．Which is the reason for UPFs being addictive?
A．The gut loves the carbohydrates in UPFs more.
B．UPFs arrive at the stomach faster than natural foods.
C．People feel happy when the body makes more dopamine after eating UPFs.
D．UPFs have dopamine which can make people feel happy.
4．Which of the following do the scientists may agree?
A．Eating UPFs is a good way to become happy.
B．It is hard to give up UPFs on one’s own.
C．There will be more people addicted to UPFs.
D．People should eat less UPFs for health.
4
Eczema (湿疹) is a disease which influences children and teenagers much more often than adults.
The symptoms (症状) of eczema are different among people, such as dry, itchy (发痒的) skin with redness,
or sores. Eczema can happen on any part of the body, such as hands, feet, knees, face and neck. The condition can
last for more than one year. Most children will not get eczema as they grow up. However, some people have
eczema again when they get older. This means that they need a long-lasting treatment.
Why do people get eczema? Your genes (基因). Doctors found that if both parents have eczema, their child
is 3-5 times more likely to have one as well. Meanwhile, some doctors found that kids who live in cities may have
the higher possibility of getting eczema than those who live in the country. Other causes of eczema include types of
soap, dry wintertime air, and some clothes that make the skin uncomfortable.
Eczema can have a large effect on a person’s life. The itchy feeling of eczema can be so serious that it keeps
many patients awake at night, which makes them more tired and nervous during the day. The itchiness can also
make it hard to focus on work or school. Also, if viruses get under the skin, sometimes they can cause more serious
diseases. So people with eczema are more likely to get ill than people with healthy skin. Finally, people may lose
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confidence because of looking different.
There are plenty of ways to treat eczema or to stop it from getting worse. The most important is to make sure
to use moisturizers (润肤膏) often. They moisturize the skin and prevent it from getting dry. When moisturizer does
not work, doctors may tell patients to take medicines to help with eczema. If those ways can’t help patients at all,
doctors will suggest other treatments like light therapy (疗法), which uses specific waves of light by machine. But
if you do have eczema, avoid hot showers or baths to keep the skin from getting itchy. Remember to keep clear of
some clothes like sweaters. Now you can help others learn about eczema too!
1．Eczema ________.
A．makes people’s skin wet B．needs a short-time treatment
C．influences people of all ages D．happens on certain parts of the body
2．According to the passage, what problem can eczema cause?
A．Patients’ genes may be changed.
B．Patients suffer from sleeping loss.
C．Patients look at others differently.
D．Patients move away from the country.
3．Which of the following about treating eczema is TRUE?
A．Sunlight can stop eczema from spreading.
B．Moisturizers are helpful to make patients better.
C．Wearing sweaters will make people comfortable.
D．People can take hot showers to stop itchy feelings.
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Eczema and Its Symptoms B．Eczema: A Way to be Beautiful
C．New Discoveries in Health D．Eczema: A Great Enemy of Skin
5
Have you ever heard of the term “children of the stars”? It’s a special name for children with autism (自闭
症). April 2 is World Autism Awareness Day. It was started by the United Nations to help people know more about
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autism and offer better care and support to those who have it.
Autism affects how a person grows and learns. It usually starts to show in the first three years of life. The
official name for this condition is “autism spectrum disorder (自闭症谱系障碍).”
Doctors use a handbook called DSM-5 to diagnose (诊断) autism. It talks about two main autism signs:
problems with talking and being with others and doing the same things over and over again.
“When I talk to my daughter or ask her to do something, she won’t pay attention to me,” said MengLingdi.
Her daughter was diagnosed with autism at the age of 2. “She doesn’t make as much eye contact with people as
other kids do.”
Children with autism also feel physical pain. “Many of them have epilepsy (癫痫) because their brain
activity is different from that of other kids,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and RainEducation Institute for
Autism (Stars and Rain).
We don’t know exactly what causes autism. But scientists think it might be a mix of things like how we
grow, our genes (基因), and our environment. If a family has a child with autism, the chance of their other children
having autism is about 10 times higher than usual.
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The term “children of the stars”. B．The disease called Autism.
C．World Autism Awareness Day. D．The better care and support.
2．If a child has autism, when can it be found?
A．Before birth. B．On April 2nd. C．At the age of 12. D．In the first three years.
3．What problem may children with autism have?
A．They can communicate with people easily. B．They do the same things over and over again.
C．They pay attention to what their parents say. D．They make much eye contact with people.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Autism won’t affect a person’s growth. B．Doctors use DSM-5 to diagnose autism.
C．Children with autism cannot feel physical pain. D．Scientists have found out what causes autism.
5．In which part of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Nature. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Travel.
6
Jin Ying, 25, is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). She took part in a three-month training
course on acupuncture and tuina (针灸推拿) in the winter of 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
Jin’s life has been different since the training. She changed her life habits after learning the Five Elements
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theory. For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter because the cold of winter means
people should slow down, according to TCM. For her, learning these skills and theories was not about becoming a
TCM doctor but rather about holding a new lifestyle.
She is not an unusual example of young people becoming interested in TCM. A survey by China Youth Daily
showed that 93.3 percent of the 1,000 young people who took part had tried different TCM treatments.
“I have seen a rising number of young people come to me for neck and back pains, which are usually related
to the elderly,” said Ma Huifang, a TCM doctor at Guoyitang, a TCM hospital.
Between Western medicine and TCM, young people often choose TCM “because of its efficacy,” according
to Ma. Some people question why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptions (处方). “This is
actually an advantage of TCM, rather than a shortcoming, as it can be a more accurate treatment (精准的治疗) for
different patients,” Ma explained.
Younger age groups are accepting TCM, and, at the same time, TCM is also benefiting young people. As Jin
noted, “It helps young people understand Chinese medicine well.”
1．What did Jin Ying learn TCM mainly for?
A．To be a lover of TCM. B．To avoid sweating too much. C．To hold a new lifestyle.
2．Why do more young people come to Ma Huifang who works in Guoyitang?
A．They are becoming more interested in TCM.
B．They’re suffering from neck and back pains.
C．They take part in a survey by China Daily.
3．The underlined word “efficacy” possibly means _________.
A．value B．care C．result
4．What might young people think of TCM after accepting and understanding it?
A．Acupuncture and tuina are in training course.
B．Different patients need accurate treatments.
C．It is such a treasure of our Chinese culture.
7
There are lots of things that are good for your brain. Reading, for example, helps your brain to grow and
work better. Solving puzzles (拼图) can help, too. Scientists now find out another way of bringing health to brains:
exercising.
Babies need exercise for their brains to fully grow. Meanwhile, exercise improves children’s attention and
helps them do better at school. In the elderly, exercise can help to keep their minds sharp. They can notice or
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understand things quickly. Exercise also helps blood flow to the brain. The brain needs oxygen (氧气) from blood.
Without oxygen, the brain would stop working.
Babies do not have to try to exercise. They are almost always moving. Developing new skills like sitting,
standing, walking, running and jumping forces their brains to grow.
As children get older, exercise is still important for the brains. Scientists did an experiment. They found two
groups of children between 7 and 9 years old. One group exercised for an hour after school. The other group did
not. Scientists then gave both groups a number of brain tests. The kids who had exercised were quicker to learn
than those who had not exercised.
Finally, exercise helps adults think quickly. The older people become, the smaller parts of the brain they will
get. This can make it harder for old people to remember things. For example, grown-ups who exercised for 30
minutes, five times a week did better on brain tests than grown-ups who did not exercise as much.
Exercise is also good for the patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病), which harms the
brain and causes people to lose their memories.
1．What can you do if you want to do something good for your brain?
A．Read books. B．Exercise. C．Solve puzzles. D．All of the above.
2．What does the underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Serious. B．Quick. C．Slow. D．Sudden.
3．Why don’t babies have to try to exercise?
A．Because their brains have fully grown.
B．Because they need to keep their minds clear.
C．Because their brains don’t need oxygen from blood.
D．Because they move a lot when learning new skills.
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．Exercise helps children learn quicker.
B．The older people become easier to remember things.
C．Adults who exercise do worse on brain tests.
D．Exercise can’t help patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
5．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Exercise is good for health
B．Exercise helps bring health to the brains
C．The importance of a healthy brain
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D．Different ways of keeping the brains healthy
8
We usually have a runny nose when catching a cold. Yet our parents tell us not to blow our nose so hard.
Why is that?
When you blow your nose very hard, the air can move from your nose to your ears and cause problems.
When you have a cold, the tube (管子) that connects your nose to your cars gets smaller. So the air can’t go back to
the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the eardrum (鼓膜) and may make your ears ring or even cause hearing
loss. If the things from your nose go into your ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear
infections (感染).
If the air from the nose goes into the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes go up. This might cause
different eye problems and even affect how well you can see in the long run (从长远来看). This is why, sometimes,
when you blow your nose too hard, both your eyes and ears may feel uncomfortable.
To clear your nose, just close one nostril (鼻孔) at a time and softly blow. If your nose is blocked up, putting
a warm towel (毛巾) on your nose and forehead (前额) can also help you feel better.
Since your nose and throat (咽喉) are connected, you can also try to get the mucus (粘液) out from your
mouth. It’s a good idea to take a deep breath with the nose, then cough quickly to get out the mucus in your mouth.
1．What may happen if you blow your nose so hard?
a. hurt eardrum b. make ears ring c. cause hearing loss d. cause ear infections
e. make eyes uncomfortable f. have a headache
A．abccf B．abcdf C．abcde D．acdef
2．Which one can make you feel better when your nose is blocked up?
A． B． C． D．
3．Linda wants to make the mucus get out of her mouth. How can she do?
A．She can breathe deeply with her nose and coughs quickly.
B．She can have a big drink of water and coughs.
C．She can blow her nose and then opens her mouse.
D．She can use her mouth to breathe and blows her nose.
4．What’s the structure of the passage?
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A． B．
C． D．
5．Where can we find the passage?
A．In a sports newspaper. B．In a weather report.
C．In a book review. D．In a health magazine.
9
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The ear is an important organ (器官). To make people know the importance of our ears, the government set
up National Ear Care Day. 1 How much do you know about the ear?
There are three parts in our ears. They are the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. We can see the outer
ear clearly. 2 Then the sound goes through the middle ear to the inner ear and finally to our brain.
Our ears keep working all the time even when we are sleeping, but our brain just pays no attention to it.
3 That’s because our brain hears something, although we don’t know what it is.
Our ears also help us keep a balance. There are some organs that are full of liquid (液体) with small hairs
around them in the inner ear. 4
5 We may have problems telling tastes if there is something wrong with our ears.
You see ears can do more than we think, so take good care of our ears from now on.
A．It can collect sound around us.
B．It falls on March 3rd every year.
C．Ears are not as important as eyes.
D．Please go to the hospital to check your ears today.
E．Sometimes we may wake up suddenly at midnight.
F．Our ears even have something to do with tasting food.
G．The liquid and hairs send messages to our brain to make us keep a balance.
10
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a student, you are often under a lot of stress. You may find it difficult to avoid bad habits. 1 . It
really isn’t that hard to start eating healthily.
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Eat a good breakfast.
Studies show that skipping breakfast (不吃早餐) is bad for students’ study. When there isn’t time for you to
sit down and enjoy your morning meal, 2 .
Keep healthy snacks on hand.
This way, if you are hungry during a late night or the break between classes, you can enjoy them at any time.
Eat plenty of foods rich in calcium (钙).
3 . If you don’t like milk, try to prepare some low-fat yogurt, cheese and green leafy vegetables in
your diet.
4 .
Your body needs at least eight glasses of water a day. And if you often exercise, you may need more. To
remind yourself, carry a water bottle along to the classroom and keep it convenient during a late study night.
Control your sugar intake.
Sugar provides calories for your body. 5 . So put a little sugar in your coffee, tea, or milk every
day.
When you have food, please keep happy. Every time, please enjoy it!
A．Drink lots of water
B．Take a water bottle
C．But too much sugar is bad for your teeth
D．it is a good choice to eat a big lunch
E．But having a healthy diet can help you feel better
F．you can have some eggs, fruit and some juice on your way
G．Students in their young age need to build up their bodies with much calcium
12
