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22.主题阅读-自然地理
知识积累
在有关自然地理阅读材料中，我们通常会遇到描述地球各个自然景观、气候特点、地理现象以及它们
对人类生活影响的文章。这类阅读不仅要求我们掌握一定的词汇和语法，还需要我们具备理解和分析地理
信息的能力。文章往往会通过生动的描述和具体的例子，让我们感受到大自然的奇妙和地理知识的实用性。
在阅读过程中，我们需要注意文章中的细节描述，如地理位置、气候特征、地形地貌等，同时也要理解文
章所传达的深层含义，比如人类与自然的关系、环境保护的重要性等。
主题相关核心词汇
geography地理学 cave洞 穴
continent大陆 cliff悬 崖
ocean海 洋 swamp沼泽
mountain山 waterfall瀑布
river河流 tundra苔原
lake湖 泊 archipelago群岛
desert沙漠 equator赤道
forest森林 longitude经度
valley山谷 latitude纬度
glacier冰川 erosion侵蚀
plateau高原 delta三角洲
island岛屿 canyon峡 谷
peninsula半岛 tsunami海啸
volcano火 山 drought干旱
earth地球 rainforest雨林
sky天 空 savanna热带草原
star星，恒星 coralreef珊瑚礁
sun太 阳 estuary河口
moon月球，月亮
相关形容词
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自然的natural 有雾的foggy
晴朗的clear/sunny 温暖的warm
多云的cloudy 热的hot
有风的windy 凉爽的cool
多雨的rainy 冷的cold
下雪的snowy 干燥的dry
暴风雨的stormy 湿的wet
突破练习
1
Many Canadian kids woke up to the smell of wildfire smoke last summer. Some are wondering: Is it
dangerous? How can I protect myself? CBC Kids News talked to two children’s lung (肺) experts, Tom Kovesi and
Dan Hughes, to find out how kids can stay safe.
Is wildfire smoke dangerous?
For most people, the effect of wildfire smoke is only short-term. Effects (影响) can include irritation (刺激)
of the eyes, nose and throat; coughing and shortness of breath. They will get worse the more time you spend
outdoors, especially if you’re active outside—doing sports and other exercise.
I spend my summers around a campfire. ▲
The difference between campfire smoke and wildfire smoke is that wildfire smoke is harder to avoid,
Hughes said. “When you’re camping, you typically don’t stay in front of a fire for too long,” he said. “And if it’s
really smoky, you’d probably sit upwind from the smoke or take a break.” Wildfire smoke, on the other hand, is
everywhere. Therefore, the effects can be more long-term and dangerous.
The key to staying safe? Stay inside.
Both Kovesi and Hughes agree that the best thing for kids to do is stay inside when wildfire smoke is in the
air.
“It’s especially important for kids who are super active to stop those activities. This is not the time to go
jogging, play soccer and other sports,” Hughes said. “Those activities require you to breathe harder and deeper,
which gives you a greater exposure (暴露) to the smoke and the particles (微粒) the smoke carries.”
Other steps you can take.
It’s best to close your windows and doors when inside. You can also use an air conditioner (空调), if you
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have one, to filter (过滤) the air more. Kovesi said that masks can also help lower the risk a little, particularly N95
masks. But they need to be worn correctly.
1．What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To give an example. B．To lead into the topic.
C．To describe a story. D．To ask a question.
2．Wildfire smoke can make people ________.
A．die young B．be super active C．stop coughing D．feel breathless
3．Which sentence should be put into the ________?
A．Where is campfire smoke from? B．How is it different from wildfire smoke?
C．What causes wildfire smoke? D．How can we stop them?
4．Which of the following can we do to stay safe from wildfire smoke?
A．ac B．ad C．bc D．cd
5．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How can kids stay safe when there is wildfire smoke?
B．What are the differences between campfire smoke and wildfire smoke?
C．What effects may the wildfire smoke cause?
D．What sports can we do when wildfire happens?
2
We should all have at least one fire extinguisher (灭火器) somewhere in our house or office building.
However, it's not enough to simply keep an extinguisher somewhere. The best way to be ready for a sudden fire is
to study this guide carefully and review it from time to time.
{1}Have a clear exit route (疏散路线)
Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you
will need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is out.
{2} Report the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way. Once they arrive, they
can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.
{3} Stand back
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Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5. meters away from
the flames (火焰) as you prepare to use the fire extinguisher.
{4} Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to use an
extinguisher is to remember “PASS”:
▶P-Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher.
▶A-Aim (瞄准): Aim low. Point the nozzle at the bottom of the fire.
▶S-Squeeze: Squeeze (挤压) the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
▶S-Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.
{5} _________
After the fire appears to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t start burning again. If
the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS”.
{6} Got to a safe place
Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire.
1．What is the text about?
A．How to prevent a big fire. B．How to use an extinguisher.
C．How to keep an extinguisher. D．How to deal with a sudden fire.
2．Why is a fireman needed even if the fire is under control?
A．To teach useful methods. B．To make sure the fire is out.
C．To find the missing people. D．To help leave the dangerous place.
3．Which order of the pictures describes “PASS”?
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A．②①④③ B．⑧②④① C．②④③① D．③①④②
4．Which is the most proper for _________?
A．Keep an eye on things B．Look for a safe place to go
C．Check the loss in the fire D．Improve the “PASS” process
5．In which theme (主题) activity of a school can the text be used?
A．A better self. B．Safety with me. C．Young scientists. D．Home, sweet home
3
From red apples and yellow lemons to blueberries and green melons, fruit comes in many different colors.
Why do different kinds of fruit have so many colors? Fruit colors actually come from their different pigments (色
素), such as red or yellow carotenoid (类胡萝卜素) and blue or purple anthocyanin (花青素). These pigments
appear in different numbers, depending on the fruit’s environment. This causes the fruit to turn a certain color.
To find out how environment affects fruit colors, Chinese scientists studied more than 280 different fruit
colors, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruit tends (倾向) to grow in cooler places.
And instead of just growing in one place, you can find them growing in many places around the world. Blue and
purple fruit mostly grows in warmer places. These fruits tend to grow a lot in just one special area. The scientists
also found that the closer the fruit is to the equator (赤道), the darker its color will be.
Animals have also had an influence on the evolution of fruit colors. Animals eat fruit and drop the seeds (种
子) in other places later. This helps the fruit spread and grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract
animals, some fruit develop colors that are easy for animals to see.
However, animals see colors in a different way. Fruit needs to develop colors that are suited to animals’
seeing abilities. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. Therefore, there tends to be more red
fruit in areas where birds live. The lemurs (狐猴) of Madagascar are red-green color-blind. Many yellow fruit can
be found in their living areas, as they can easily see this color.
1．According to paragraph 1, fruit colors depend on ________.
A．red carotenoid B．blue anthocyanin
C．their numbers D．their environment
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2．You are more likely to find blue and purple fruit in ________ places.
A．cooler B．warmer C．higher D．lower
3．What does the underlined word “evolution” in paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese?
A．特性 B．辨识 C．演变 D．参数
4．Some fruit develop certain colors to ________.
A．frighten animals away B．get more sunlight
C．attract animals to eat them D．protect themselves
5．What do we know from the text?
A．Dark fruit enjoys growing close to the equator.
B．Green fruit is fond of growing in cool places.
C．Humans can see red more easily than birds.
D．Lemurs are color-blind and can’t see any colors.
4
Tomatoes are red, the sky is blue, and bananas are yellow, right? Well, not exactly — color does not really
exist (存在). What exists is light. Light is real, but color is not. It is our brain that creates color.
We’re told to trust our eyes, but our eyes have little to do with vision (视觉). We see much more with our
brains. You sometimes see different colors because your brain thinks they have a different meaning. The brain does
this by looking at what’s around the object. Here is an example. If you see a person wearing a white shirt against
different backgrounds, your brain might express the same white color differently. Suppose this person stands in
front of a bright yellow background, your brain might think the white shirt is more like gray. If the person moves to
a dark blue background, the same white shirt might appear closer to a brighter color.
Color is created according to our past experiences, and sometimes there are optical illusions (视错觉). That
is because your brain includes the recent history of what you saw, at least for a brief time. But if you watch the
thing for a longer time, your brain may forget the recent history and see the real color.
This raises the question: Do you see what I see? The answer, in short, is no. Our past and present experiences
are different. None of us even sees the world as it really is, but as a meaning that comes from our own experiences.
It’s clear that seeing is not always believing.
1．What is real according to the writer?
A．Light. B．Mind. C．Meaning. D．Color.
2．Why does the writer give an example in Paragraph 2?
A．To make the text longer. B．To make a comparison.
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C．To support the idea. D．To show a problem.
3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Color is influenced by the background of an object.
B．Color comes from our past experiences.
C．Color is changing all the time.
D．White is the lightest color.
4．Which word is close to the underlined word “brief”?
A．Hard. B．Simple. C．Quick. D．Short.
5．Which can be a proper title for the text?
A．Does Color Stay the Same? B．Is Seeing Really Believing?
C．Do You See What I See? D．Is Color a Recent History?
5
The natural world is full of colors, seen in humans, plants, and animals. Human skin comes in different
shades (色块), which is influenced by sunlight, emotions, and health. When we feel strong emotions like anger or
excitement, our skin can turn red as a result of increased blood flow to the face. Therefore, people often say “seeing
red” when someone is angry.
Plants also use colors to survive. Flowers have bright colors to attract insects like bees, which help with
pollination (授粉) by moving pollen from one flower to another. Bees can see colors we can’t, so they’re attracted
to these bright flowers, which is important for the plants’ reproduction. Without bees, many plants would struggle
to survive.
Animals also use colors for survival. Some change their fur or skin colors to blend in with their surroundings
and avoid being seen by predators (捕食者). For example, the snowshoe hare changes its fur from brown in the
summer to white in the winter to match the snow. Others use bright colors to warn predators to stay away.
In summary, colors play many roles in the natural world. They contribute to the beauty of our planet and are
helpful for life to thrive. From the different tones of human skin to the bright colors of flowers and the pretending
strategy of animals, the role of color in nature is fascinating and important.
1．Which is NOT the cause to change human skin color according to the passage?
A．Sunlight exposure. B．Emotional intensity.
C．Health conditions. D．Facial expressions.
2．Why do flowers have bright colors as mentioned in the passage?
A．To make them easier to move. B．To attract insects for pollination.
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C．To protect them from predators. D．To keep them warm in cold days.
3．How do some animals use colors as a survival strategy according to the passage?
A．By changing colors to match with predators.
B．By using bright colors to attract some mates.
C．By using colors to keep away from predators.
D．By changing colors to show different feelings.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Nature is beautiful because of its colors.
B．Flowers need insects to survive well.
C．Animals change colors to avoid predators.
D．Colors serve important functions in nature.
5．How is the information organized in this passage?
A．By listing examples of colors in some dangerous situations.
B．By discussing the history of colors development in humans.
C．By comparing the colors of plants, animals, and humans.
D．By showing different roles of colors in the natural world.
6
Different countries have different languages and cultures. In this article, I’ll simply introduce the meaning of
two colors between China and Western countries.
In Chinese culture, red usually represents (代表) something good. The bride and groom (新娘和新郎) usually
wear red clothes at their wedding, because they believe it will bring happiness to them. But in Western countries,
red is the color of force and it usually represents a strong feeling. Wearing red can make it easier to take action. So
when you have difficulty making a decision, just wear red.
Another color is green. In China, green usually represents a new life, which has the same culture with Western
countries. However, green is also the color of envy (嫉妒) in Western countries. So people may describe someone is
“green with envy”.
In a word, it can be said that color words carry different cultures. Learning the difference of color meanings
between China and Western countries can not only help us to know about our cultures better, but also open our
eyes. And it’s also interesting to know about the cultural differences between countries.
1．Which two colors are mentioned in the passage?
A．Red and black. B．Green and red. C．Green and pink. D．Red and pink.
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2．Why do the bride and groom usually wear red clothes in China?
A．To make a decision. B．To take action easily.
C．To get happiness. D．To show a strong feeling.
3．What does green represent both in Chinese and Western culture?
A．Strong envy. B．An action. C．A new life. D．Special feeling.
4．What does the underlined phrase “green with envy” most probably mean?
A．眼红的 B．后悔的 C．开心的 D．自豪的
5．What’s the writer’s purpose according to the text?
A．To introduce different people. B．To introduce modern languages.
C．To introduce cultural differences. D．To introduce meaningless colors.
7
You have just finished eating an apple while on a camp. There aren’t any rubbish bins around; what do you
do with the apple core (核)? If you answered “throw it in the grass” because you thought fruit would not have a bad
influence on nature, you are wrong.
According to the scientists, decomposition (分解) of fruit litter takes much longer time than you imagine.
Some of these “natural” food can take years to decompose depending on the environment they are in!
When animals start to get their food from people, they may stop looking for their own food in nature. This is
very dangerous because animals need different foods to stay healthy. Food waste also draws animals to go to areas
where there are a lot of people. And when food is thrown out of a car window, animals may develop the habit of
searching roadsides for food, which increases the chances of their being hit by a car.
In fact, apples, bananas and oranges are not from wild forests. If they are eaten by wild animals, they will
probably cause the animals to get sick. Seeds (种子) of these fruit or vegetables that end up on the ground could
grow into an exotic plant there. It’s not good to the local environment. And then, of course, nobody wants to see
somebody else’s fruit litter, which has already gone bad, while enjoying the beautiful outdoors. So, no litter is safe
litter, not even an apple core.
1．How does the writer start the text?
A．By collecting readers’ answers. B．By describing a situation in life.
C．By encouraging people to protect nature.D．By explaining how to deal with fruit litter.
2．What influence would throwing food waste have on animals?
A．It provides different foods for them.
B．It prevents them from dying of hunger.
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C．It makes them depend on humans too much.
D．It makes them develop the ability to live in nature.
3．The underlined word “exotic” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A．foreign B．beautiful C．bad D．strong
4．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To advise us not to eat while camping.
B．To ask us to protect the wild animals.
C．To explain how food waste is decomposed.
D．To call on people not to litter food waste.
5．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．HEALTH B．ENVIRONMENT C．SPORTS D．PEOPLE
8
When a new cell phone starts to be sold in stores, many people rush out to buy one. We all want the newest,
latest thing. But what should we do with our old cell phones?
Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a cell phone recycling company. “Don’t throw your old phone away.
Send it to us and we’ll recycle it,” he says. “If you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become landfill. In
other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground—and it becomes a big problem.”
Cell phones contain some toxic materials (有毒物质), like lead, mercury and cadmium. If your phone goes
to a landfill, these toxic materials can get out and get into the water under the ground. That’s the water we want to
think or the water that goes into rivers or the ocean. Millions of cell phones are thrown away every year.
“At Total Recall, we take the old phones apart. Most of the materials in a cell phone can be recycled and
used again,” explains Mike. “We sell the parts and they are used to make new products. For example, phone
batteries contain nickel and cadmium (镍币和镉). The nickel is used to make steel, and the cadmium can be used to
make new batteries. The plastic cases of the phones are made into plastic fence posts (围栏柱子).”
Mike says recycling your old phone is easy. “You can usually take it into a cell phone shop and they’ll send it
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to us.” So, before you throw your old cell phone away, use it one last time: search for a cell phone recycling
company near you and give them a call.
1．What kind of company is Total Recall?
A．sells new cell phones B．recycles old cell phones
C．repairs old cell phones D．produces new cell phones
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “landfill”?
A．an area of land where a large amount of rubbish are buried
B．an area of land that is higher than the land around it
C．something used for filling holes and seems as a land
D．something added to soil to make plants grow fast and tall
3．What will happen if the old cell phones go to a landfill?
A．They will make a big hole in the ground and cause a big problem.
B．A cell phone company will reuse and sell them again.
C．They will be used to make new products in a short time.
D．Toxic materials will come out and get into the water under the ground.
4．Which kind of the materials can not be recycled in phone batteries?
A．Cadmium. B．Mercury. C．Plastic cases. D．Nickel.
5．Tony has an old phone, which of the following is the right way to deal with the old cell phone?
①break the old phone into pieces ②take it into a cell phone shop
③throw it with other rubbish ④call for a cell phone recycling company
A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④
9
AI is like giving superpower to computers. It helps them to learn things and do tasks that people usually do.
According to scientists, AI could be used to tell the weather more quickly and correctly than traditional methods.
The traditional way to tell the weather is by collecting data on what is happening in the air. The data may
come from places like weather satellites, planes and so on. Then the data is sent to supercomputers for weather
reports. Although supercomputers are powerful, it can take many hours to produce results.
AI models have been developed to quickly tell future weather. They can tell the weather by using two sets of
data: the weather at present and the weather from six hours ago. AI models are very helpful. They can be used on
standard computers like office computers, and it only takes a few minutes to get the results. However, the results
may not include as much information as those produced by traditional models.
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Will AI take the place of traditional models? Scientists say it probably won’t, but it will be used together
with them. That’s because AI still needs to learn from the data collected by traditional methods. But hopefully, AI
will be able to deal with tasks that older methods find difficult, such as telling when and how much it will rain in
the near future. This could give people enough time to solve the problems caused by bad weather.
1．The data in traditional weather reports may come from ________.
A．clouds B．towers C．trees D．planes
2．How does AI know about future weather?
A．By learning experience from satellites.
B．By comparing past and present weather.
C．By collecting data from different places.
D．By watching what is happening in the sky.
3．What does the underlined word “standard” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Huge. B．Slow. C．Ordinary. D．Expensive.
4．Which task will AI probably do according to the last paragraph?
A．Offering people weather maps.
B．Reporting how much it will rain.
C．Reporting when a snow will end.
D．Offering full weather information.
5．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．AI Will Cause Bad Weather.
B．AI Could Stop Bad Weather.
C．AI Could Tell Future Weather.
D．AI Will Change Future Weather.
10
The sun shines again after rain, and you see red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,and purple light in the
sky—a rainbow.
Refraction in Action
Sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow, but some go faster when sunlight passes through water. From top
to bottom are the faster ones to the slower. Red is the fastest and purple is the slowest.
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As light enters water, it refracts. Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little
more, and so on. Different colors are separated in this way and that’s what you need to get a rainbow.
How to See a Rainbow
Stand with your back to the sun and search the sky, because a rainbow appears opposite the sun. If the sun is
too high, no rainbow can appear. Look at your shadow, the dark shape your body makes on the ground. If it’s taller
than you, you have a good chance of seeing a rainbow. The longer your shadow is, the bigger the rainbow.
Guess the Weather
If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is where the rain is.
Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon, things will be
different. Here’s a saying:
Rainbow in the morning, shepherd (牧羊人)’s warning.
Rainbow at night, shepherd’s delight.
See Two at Once
Look for a second rainbow after you see one, but it’s hard to see. The main rainbow has red on top and
purple on bottom, but the secondary has red on bottom and purple on top.
Unseen Rainbow Parts
Sunlight has infrared radiation (红外线), which we can’t see. Still, infrared radiation gets refracted by
raindrops, and lies above the main rainbow’s red light. Ultraviolet radiation (紫外线) is also part of a rainbow. It’s
just below purple.
1．Which light is refracted most when going through the rain?
A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple.
2．When can we probably see the biggest rainbow?
A．When the sun shines.
B．When the sun is low.
C．When our shadow is the shortest.
D．When we stand with our back to the sun.
3．What is probably “shepherd’s delight” according to the text?
A．Fine weather. B．Free time at night.
C．Seeing two rainbows. D．Beautiful rainbow colors.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Rainbows are hard to see.
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B．Parts of the rainbow are unseen to the eyes.
C．Rainbows can be divided into different parts.
D．Rainbows have all the colors of the sunshine.
5．How does the writer develop the whole text?
A．By giving advice. B．By telling stories.
C．By describing facts. D．By listing numbers.
参考答案
1
【答案与解析】本文介绍了野火烟雾的危害及如何让孩子们远离野火烟雾保证安全。
1．推理判断题。文章第一段通过介绍许多加拿大孩子醒来时闻到了野火的烟味，然后设问，最终引入主
题：野火烟雾危险吗，如何保证孩子们的安全。因此该段目的是引入主题。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Effects (影响) can include irritation (刺激) of the eyes, nose and throat; coughing and
shortness of breath.”可知，野火烟雾影响包括眼睛、鼻子和喉咙的刺激、咳嗽和呼吸困难。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“The difference between campfire smoke and wildfire smoke is that wildfire smoke is
harder to avoid,”可知，此处解释了篝火烟和野火烟的区别，因此空处应为提问二者的区别，选项B“它和野
火的烟有什么不同？”符合。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“The key to staying safe? Stay inside.”和“It’s best to close your windows and doors
when inside. You can also use an air conditioner (空调), if you have one, to filter (过滤) the air more.”可知，待在
室内、关闭门窗和使用空调过滤空气可以远离野火的烟雾，图中a、c符合。故选A。
5．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Is it dangerous? How can I protect myself? CBC Kids News talked to two
children’s lung (肺) experts, Tom Kovesi and Dan Hughes, to find out how kids can stay safe.”并通读全文可知，
本文先是介绍了野火烟雾的危害，然后重点介绍了孩子们应该如何保持安全。故选A。
2
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故。
1．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，选项D“如何应对突发火灾”符合主题，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way.
Once they arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.”可知，即使火势看起来可
以控制，你也应该让消防队员随时待命。一旦他们到达，他们可以再次检查火是否被完全扑灭。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“▶P-Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher. ▶A-Aim (瞄准): Aim low. Point the
nozzle at the bottom of the fire. ▶S-Squeeze: Squeeze (挤压) the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
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▶S-Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.”可知，拉动灭火器上的销；瞄准低处，
把喷嘴对准火的底部；挤压手柄，使灭火化学品流出；从一边到另一边扫火，直到火被扑灭。所以正确的
顺序是②④③①，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“After the fire appears to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t
start burning again.”可知，在火似乎已经熄灭后，继续观察起火区域，以确保它不会再次燃烧。所以此处强
调要观察，故选A。
5．推理判断题。主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，所以在学校的“安全与我同在”主题活动中可以使用本
文，故选B。
3
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了水果有不同的颜色的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据“Fruit colors actually come from their different pigments, such as red or yellow carotenoid
and blue or purple anthocyanin. These pigments appear in different numbers, depending on the fruit’s
environment.”可知，水果的颜色来自于其不同的色素，例如红色或黄色的类胡萝卜素和蓝色或紫色的花青
素，这些色素的数量不同，取决于水果所处的环境，即水果的颜色取决于环境。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Blue and purple fruit mostly grows in warmer places.”可知，蓝色和紫色的水果大多生
长在较温暖的地方，即在温暖的地方找到蓝色和紫色的水果。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Animals eat fruit and drop the seeds in other places later. This helps the fruit spread and
grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruit develop colors that are easy for animals
to see.”可知，动物吃掉果实后，会把种子散播到其他地方，这有助于果实在不同的地方传播和生长，为了
吸引动物，一些果实会呈现出动物容易看到的颜色，即动物也对水果颜色的演变产生了影响，可推测
evolution表示“演变”。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruit develop colors that are easy for animals
to see.”可知，有些水果会呈现出特定的颜色为了吸引动物。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据“They found that red fruit tends to grow in cooler places...The scientists also found that
the closer the fruit is to the equator, the darker its color will be...For example, birds can see red more easily than
humans can...The lemurs of Madagascar are red-green color-blind.”可知，红色水果往往生长在凉爽的地方；水
果越靠近赤道，颜色就越深；鸟类比人类更容易看到红色；狐猴是红绿色盲；A选项“深色水果喜欢生长
在靠近赤道的地方。”与文章相符。故选A。
4
【答案与解析】本文主要讨论“眼见不一定为实”的原理。我们是靠大脑看到颜色的，我们之前的经验会
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影响对事物的颜色的判断。
1．细节理解题。根据“Light is real, but color is not.”可知，光是真实的，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“We’re told to trust our eyes, but our eyes have little to do with vision (视觉). We
see much more with our brains...If the person moves to a dark blue background, the same white shirt might appear
closer to a brighter color.”可知，作者举例说同一颜色为什么大脑会认为颜色是不同，所以是为了支持观点。
故选C。
3．段落大意题。根据“Color is created according to our past experiences, and sometimes there are optical
illusions (视错觉)...”可知，本段主要介绍颜色是根据我们过去的经验创造出来的，有时也有视错觉，因为
大脑包含了你所看到的最近的历史。如果你看的时间长了，你的大脑可能会忘记最近的历史，看到真正的
颜色。所以颜色一直在变化，故选C。
4．词句猜测题。根据“That is because your brain includes the recent history of what you saw, at least for a brief
time. But if you watch the thing for a longer time...”可知，你的大脑包含了你所看到的最近的历史，至少
在……一段时间内是这样，但如果你看的时间长了……，所以brief的意思与short相近。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。根据“It’s clear that seeing is not always believing.”及整个文章的理解可知，作者告诉我们
“眼见不一定为实”的原理，选项B“眼见为实吗？”符合主题，故选B。
5
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界中人类、植物和动物呈现出不同的颜色以及颜
色的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Human skin comes in different shades, which is influenced by sunlight,
emotions, and health.”可知，人类的皮肤有不同的色块，这是受阳光、情绪和健康的影响，不包括D “面部
表情”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Flowers have bright colors to attract insects like bees, which help with
pollination (授粉) by moving pollen from one flower to another.”可知，花的颜色鲜艳的原因是因为吸引昆虫授
粉。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Others use bright colors to warn predators to stay away.”可知，一些动物用
鲜艳的颜色警告捕食者远离。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中人类、植物和动物呈现出不同的颜色以及颜色
的作用，所以D项正确。故选D。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中人类、植物和动物呈现出不同的颜色以及颜色
的作用，即通过展示颜色在自然世界中的不同作用来组织的这篇文章。故选D。
6
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【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国和西方国家在红色和绿色两种颜色上的文化差异。
1．细节理解题。根据“In Chinese culture, red...”以及“Another color is green”可知谈到了红色和绿色。故
选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The bride and groom (新娘和新郎) usually wear red clothes at their wedding, because
they believe it will bring happiness to them”可知，新郎和新娘通常在婚礼上穿红色衣服，因为他们认为这会
给他们带来幸福。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“In China, green usually represents a new life, which has the same culture with Western
countries”可知在中国，绿色通常代表一种新的生命，与西方国家有着相同的文化。故选C。
4．词义猜测题。根据“green is also the color of envy (嫉妒) in Western countries. So people may describe
someone is ‘green with envy’.”可知，在西方国家，绿色是表示嫉妒的颜色，所以猜测“green with envy”词义
与“眼红的”相近。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国和西方国家在红色和绿色两种颜色上的文化差异。
故选C。
7
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“You have just finished eating an apple while on a camp. There aren’t any rubbish
bins around; what do you do with the apple core (核)?”可知，作者通过描述生活中的一种情况来开始文章。故
选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“When animals start to get their food from people, they may stop looking for their
own food in nature.”可知，当动物开始从人类那里获取食物时，它们可能会停止在大自然中寻找自己的食物。
由此推知，扔食物垃圾会使得动物过于依赖人类。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Seeds (种子) of these fruit or vegetables that end up on the ground could grow
into an exotic plant there. It’s not good to the local environment.”可知，它不属于当地品种，所以这些落在地
上的种子长成的植物是“外来的”，划线词与foreign意思相近。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。因此，本文的目的是呼吁
人们不要乱扔食物垃圾。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了随地扔食物垃圾会对自然环境造成不良影响。因此，本文主要是关于环
境的。故选B。
8
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了扔掉旧手机的危害以及如何处理旧手机。
1．细节理解题。根据“Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a cell phone recycling company.”可知，这是一
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个回收旧手机的公司。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“If you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become landfill. In other words, it is
put in a big hole in the ground—and it becomes a big problem.”可知，后文提到了它将被放在地上的一个大洞
里，因此划线词是“掩埋大量垃圾的地方”。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“If your phone goes to a landfill, these toxic materials can get out and get into the water
under the ground.”可知，有毒物质会出来并进入地下的水中。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“For example, phone batteries contain nickel and cadmium (镍币和镉)…The plastic cases
of the phones are made into plastic fence posts (围栏柱子).”可知，手机中的镍，镉以及塑料都可以回收利用，
选项B中的“汞”是不可以回收利用的。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“You can usually take it into a cell phone shop and they’ll send it to us.”以及“So, before
you throw your old cell phone away, use it one last time: search for a cell phone recycling company near you and
give them a call.”可知，可以把旧手机带去手机回收店，或者打电话给回收公司。故选D。
9
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了人工智能在天气预报领域的应用，包括其优点和缺点。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The traditional way to tell the weather is by collecting data on what is happening
in the air. The data may come from places like weather satellites, planes and so on.”可知，传统天气报告中的数
据可能来自卫星、飞机等。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They can tell the weather by using two sets of data: the weather at present and the
weather from six hours ago.”可知，人工智能可以通过使用两组数据来判断天气：当前的天气和六个小时前
的天气。由此推知，人工智能通过比较过去和现在的天气来了解未来的天气。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段“They can be used on standard computers like office computers”可知，人工智能
可以用在像办公室电脑这样的电脑上，而办公室使用的电脑是普通电脑，由此猜测，standard意为
ordinary“普通的”。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“AI will be able to deal with tasks that older methods find difficult, such as
telling when and how much it will rain in the near future.”可知，人工智能可能能够预测未来几天的降雨时间和
降雨量。故选B。
5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了人工智能在天气预报领域的应用，包括其优点和缺点。
因此，选项C“人工智能可以预测未来的天气”是最佳标题。故选C。
10
【答案与解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彩虹的形成、观察方法及其他相关知识。
1．细节理解题。根据“Red, traveling fastest, is refracted (使折射) least. Orange is refracted a little more, and so
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on.”可知，红色折射率最低，橙色折射率高一些，以此类推，紫色折射率应是最高。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“If the sun is too high, no rainbow can appear.”和“The longer your shadow is, the bigger
the rainbow.”可推知，太阳太高，就不会出现彩虹；影子越长，彩虹越大；太阳低时，即太阳落山前后影子
最长，能看到的彩虹最大。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“If a rainbow appears in the morning, that means the rainbow is in the west, which is
where the rain is. Weather usually moves from west to east, so the rain is coming your way. If it’s in the afternoon,
things will be different.”可推知，彩虹出现在早上，不久以后可能会下雨，彩虹出现在下午与傍晚，表示雨
水已经过去，预示着好天气。故选A。
4．段落大意题。根据“Unseen Rainbow Parts”可知，最后一段介绍了看不见的彩虹部分。故选B。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过描述一些与彩虹相关的事实来推进全文情节。故选C。
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