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12.主题阅读-科学技术
知识积累
一、主题阐释
科学技术类阅读在初中英语阅读中占据重要地位，它不仅拓宽学生的知识视野，还激发他们对科技的
兴趣与探索欲。这类主题阅读呈现如下特点：（1）内容广泛：这类阅读通常涵盖人工智能、新技术应用、
环保科技等多个前沿领域，如介绍中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统、人工智能公园、无人机技术等，让
学生了解到科技的最新进展和实际应用。（2）贴近生活：通过阅读，学生能看到科技如何改变日常生活，
比如电动汽车的发展、AI在天气预报中的应用、VR技术让游客体验传统文化等，这些都能引发学生的共
鸣和思考。（3）培养思维：科学技术类阅读还常常涉及科技的优缺点分析，如人工智能的利弊、新技术
带来的挑战等，这有助于培养学生的批判性思维和问题解决能力。科学技术类阅读不仅能增加学生的词汇
量，提升阅读理解能力，还能激发他们对科技的好奇心和探索精神。
二、语篇特征
1.科技主题鲜明
科学技术类语篇以科学技术为核心主题，可能涉及最新的科技发明、科学原理、技术应用或科学研究
等方面。通过介绍科技知识，旨在激发学生对科学技术的兴趣和探索欲望。
2内容准确严谨
科学技术类阅读语篇的内容需要准确严谨，确保所传递的科技信息真实可靠。这类语篇通常会引用科
学研究数据、实验结果或专家观点，以增强内容的权威性和可信度。
3语言简洁明了
由于科学技术类内容可能涉及专业术语和复杂概念，因此这类语篇的语言往往力求简洁明了，避免过
于晦涩难懂。作者会尽量用通俗易懂的语言解释科技知识，以便学生能够轻松理解。
4结构逻辑清晰
科学技术类阅读语篇通常结构逻辑清晰，按照一定的顺序或层次展开。可能先介绍背景知识，然后阐
述科技原理或应用，最后总结科技的意义和影响。这样的结构有助于学生系统地掌握科技知识。
5.注重实践应用
科学技术类语篇往往不仅介绍科技知识，还注重实践应用。通过举例说明科技在实际生活中的应用场
景，让学生更好地理解科技的价值和意义，并激发他们运用科技解决实际问题的兴趣和能力。
6.富含教育意义
科学技术类阅读语篇不仅传递科技知识，还蕴含深刻的教育意义。通过阅读这类语篇，学生可以培养
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科学思维、创新精神和实践能力，为未来的科技学习和应用打下坚实的基础。同时，也有助于学生形成正
确的科技观和价值观，认识到科技在推动社会进步和改善人类生活方面的重要作用。
三、主题词汇
technology技术 satellite卫星
science科学 spaceship宇宙飞船
experiment实验 telescope望远镜
invention发明 microscope显微镜
robot机器人 energy能量
computer计算机 electricity电
internet互联网 magnetic磁性的
software软件 gravity重力
hardware硬件 atom原子
program程序 molecule分子
data数据 dna脱氧核糖核酸
information信息 evolution进化
research研究 Computer（电脑）
scientist科学家 smartphone（智能手机）
engineer工程师 wi-fi（无线网络）
innovation创新 artificialintelligence（ai）（人工智能）
discovery发现 virtualreality（vr）（虚拟现实）
四、答题技巧
1.预览题目和文章
在阅读文章之前，先快速浏览题目，了解需要回答的问题或完成的任务。接着，通读全文，抓住文章
的主题、段落大意和关键信息。
2.关注科技词汇
科学技术类文章通常包含大量专业词汇。遇到不熟悉的词汇时，不要慌张，可以尝试根据上下文推测
其意义。同时，注意积累常见的科技词汇，以便在阅读时更加流畅。
3.理解文章结构
科学技术类文章往往有明确的逻辑结构，如引言、实验方法、实验结果、结论等。通过识别这些结构，
可以更快地找到关键信息，并理解文章的核心内容。
4.注意细节和图表
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科学技术类文章中，细节往往至关重要。因此，在阅读时要特别关注文章中的具体数据、实验条件、
结果等细节信息。同时，图表也是传递信息的重要方式。要学会从图表中提取关键信息，并与文章内容相
结合进行理解。
5.运用推理和判断
在阅读过程中，不仅要理解文章直接给出的信息，还要学会运用推理和判断来解答问题。
例如，根据文章中的实验结果推断出可能的结论，或者根据文章中的描述判断某个选项的正确性。
突破练习
1
Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) should be used in schools? Experts believe that AI tools should be
safely and properly used in schools rather than be banned (禁止).
Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, suggested that young people should be guided to improve
their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. AI technology has become increasingly important for
getting and spreading knowledge, and it also influences teaching, learning and school management. Zheng
mentioned many models such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot product of Baidu, were widely used among college
students in China. The tool can write articles, solve science problems, and help students with homework and tests.
Besides, a survey done by the online learning platform Study showed that 89 percent of students had used
ChatGPT to help with homework. This made people worry about the bad influence of AI on education. For
example, students may not be honest. Instead of simply depending on AI to provide answers or complete homework
and tests, people should focus on using AI to help students improve professional skills. In this way, they can better
solve real-world problems, said Zheng.
According to Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, as ChatGPT grows rapidly, the
focus should not be on whether to use AI in education, but on how to use it safely, effectively, and properly.
Banning AI in schools is not the solution. Bailey also warned about harm caused by poorly designed (设计的) AI.
Efforts to manage AI have come out around the world. In China, some rules for managing AI services have
been carried out. America and England also have had similar rules.
1．How do experts like AI tools in schools?
A．Using AI tools should be stopped.
B．AI tools should be used safely and properly.
C．Courses about AI tools should be provided freely.
2．Why does Zheng mention the use of Ernie Bot?
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A．To express his worry over using AI tools in schools.
B．To show AI tools greatly influence students’ learning.
C．To tell us AI tools for education need to be improved.
3．According to the passage, what’s the disadvantage of using AI in education?
A．Students are dishonest when doing homework.
B．Students lose their professional skills and abilities.
C．Students learn to poorly design AI tools by themselves.
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Many countries are trying to manage AI.
B．People will make a greater effort to develop AI.
C．Students around the world need the same rules to use AI.
5．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．AI’s Role in Education B．AI’s History and Future C．AI’s Influence on Students
2
#1: Rocket mail
In 1959, the US Postmaster General, Arthur Summerfield, predicted (预言) that guided missiles (导弹) would
become the usual method for sending mail before a human reached the moon. We have email now, but still no
rocket mail.
#2: Ape workers
Who needs robots when you could have monkeys? Glenn T. Seaborg, a Nobel prize-winning chemist,
predicted in 1951 that by 2020, we’d keep apes that could drive cars and perform other tasks for us.
#3: Nuclear (核) vacuums (真空吸尘器)
In 1955, Alex Lewyt, the president of a vacuum cleaner company, predicted that within 10 years nuclear power
would run vacuums. What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste? #4: Meals in a pill
In 1894, the chemist Marcellin Berthelot predicted that people of the future would get all the nutrition (营养)
they needed in pill form. “Wheat fields are to disappear from the face of the Earth, because flour will no longer be
produced from growing wheat, but made, ” he said. While we still rely on farms for food, scientists have worked
out how to make meat from plants and how to grow it from cells.
#5: Virtual reality everywhere
In 1999, the futurist Ray Kurzweil predicted that by 2019, we’d wear lenses or glasses that would project (投
射) virtual images onto the real world. He also thought the glasses might display a complete virtual reality that we
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could touch and interact with. Virtual reality (VR) technology isn’t nearly this good yet. To be fair, Kurzweil
correctly predicted that AI would beat humans at chess and that we’d switch to digital books and music and movies.
So maybe realistic VR is just around the corner?
1．What can we learn from the article?
A．Arthur Summerfield believed that email would be a common way to communicate.
B．Glenn T. Seaborg thought apes were cleverer than robots and could do daily tasks for us.
C．According to Alex Lewyt, people would run out of coal to produce power in the future.
D．Marcellin Berthelot predicted that food in the future would be made in pill form.
2．What does the writer mean by saying “What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste? ”
A．The idea of using nuclear power to run vacuums is not practical.
B．It was a creative idea to use nuclear power to run vacuums.
C．Nuclear power is of great importance to people’s daily life.
D．Alex Lewyt has already found ways to deal with nuclear waste.
3．The article is mainly about ________.
A．some successful inventions in history
B．five predictions about future technology
C．some developments about future technology
D．predictions about the future of science fiction
3
Alibaba showed its latest ChatGPT—like artificial intelligence (AI) model product—Tongyi Qianwen on
Tuesday.
The large-language AI model product can manage various types of office communications, intelligent voice
assistance, turn text into pictures and short videos, and make individual work plans. Zhang Yong, chairman and
CEO of Alibaba Group, said that all Alibaba products will be connected to Tongyi Qianwen in the near future.
Recently, there has been a sudden increase in popularity of large AI models triggered (引起) by OpenAI’s
ChatGPT. Chinese search giant, Baidu, officially released (发行) its large language model and AI product, the
ERNIE Bot, on March 16. He Xiaodong, vice president of JD．com Group, said that its new large-scale model
Chat JD is set to be released in 2023. Huawei also recently announced the progress and applications of its Pangu AI
model. 360 AI, developed based on the 360 GPT large language model, was first used in search engines. Other AI
products by the companies of Tencent and Byte Dance are expected to be shown soon.
Supported by China’s massive Internet users, Chinese companies have moved faster for the development of
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large AI models—from computing power to application. At the same time, Chinese companies still face many
challenges from issues relating to talent, algorithm (算法) and model quality, to business model and security issues.
The Chinese people have already presented their interest in AI models, and we hope we can achieve our
dream in the near future.
1．What can we know about Tongyi Qianwen?
A．It can make people look more beautiful in the video.
B．It was shown to the public on Wednesday.
C．It can turn text into pictures and short videos.
D．It has already been connected to all Alibaba products.
2．Which writing skill is used in Paragraph 3?
A．Giving examples. B．Using sayings. C．Raising questions. D．Showing
pictures.
3．The underlined word “massive” probably means “________” in the passage.
A．serious B．few C．weak D．many
4．What’s the writer’s attitude toward Alibaba’s launching of its new AI model product?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
4
Imagine a tiny robot crawling (爬) through your body, helping doctors with their work. It’s not from a
science novel. Doctors are now using robots to do operations. This is because robots can do some work that doctors
can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have tiny
scissors and other tools. “It’s like having little hands inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing.
Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the
cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor
looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.
The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients. They help cut medical costs and make difficult
operations quicker and easier. They allow doctors to operate with less damage (伤害) to patients’ bodies, too. This
helps them to heal (治愈) faster.
However, the robots aren’t perfect. They can be expensive. What’s more, they are just tools to help humans,
and they must be used by skilled doctors. Even the best robots can’t do everything that humans can do.
Scientists are working to make robots smarter. Someday, robots may do even more than expected for
humans.
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1．The robots carry ________ to help doctors look inside patients’ bodies.
A．small cameras B．little hands C．common tools D．tiny scissors
2．Scientists are working to make robots ________.
A．safer B．smarter C．more harmful D．more dangerous
3．In what order does the doctor do operations with the help of the robot?
①Make a small cut.
②Control the robot to reach where it needs to go.
③Look inside the patient’s body and begin to work.
④Put the robot into the patient’s body through the cut.
A．①→③→②→④ B．①→④→②→③
C．①→④→③→② D．④→③→②→①
4．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The size of the robots.
B．The future of the robots.
C．The costs of the robots.
D．The advantages of the robots.
5．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Doctors Cut Medical Costs
B．Scientists Make Robots Smarter
C．Robots Help Doctors with Operations
D．Patients Do More than Expected
5
As the highest-level international sports events in Asia, the 19th Asian Games came to an end successfully on
Sunday in Hangzhou. They were reported as safe and smart games at home and abroad.
Because of the large size, the Games have brought unprecedented challenges for the security (安全保障).
For example, hacker (黑客) have ever tried to steal sportsmen’s personal information for money.
However, zero mistake was made in security protection in the Hangzhou Games. To achieve this, the security
workers made full use of intelligent technology (IT 智能技术). This helped the activities go well. It made the
Games “Safe Asian Games”.
The Games have also been the first “Smart Asian Games”. Behind the wonderful shows of different activities
they used a large number of intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI人工智能), Internet of Things
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and 5G. With the support of the cloud network, people could see technology make the biggest difference. That
means everything was faster—it only took five seconds to check the results, for example.
Hangzhou Asian Game served as ideal platforms for sports and cultural exchanges between China and Asian
countries. Though the Asian Games were full of challenges, with the help of high-tech, Hangzhou has successfully
made them safe and smart. They have provided a chance for China to show the high level of network security
protection, as well as the latest technology. The Games helped the world see China and its achievements.
1．Which words best describe the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou?
A．Old and small. B．Small and safe. C．Safe and smart.
2．What does the underlined word “unprecedented” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．The biggest. B．The oldest. C．The smallest.
3．Hackers steal sportsmen’s personal information to __________.
A．take their tickets B．sell for money C．protect the Games
4．The writer gives an example in Paragraph 4 to ___________.
A．show the Games go well
B．show a safe environment
C．show the fast cloud network.
5．What’s the main idea of the article?
A．The future of intelligent technologies.
B．The large network attacks in the Hangzhou Games.
C．The use of intelligent technologies in the Hangzhou Games.
6
Humans have been writing by hand for thousands of years. But as computers took over the job and the type-
written (用打字机器打出的) word became more common, something was lost in the process, that is, the charm (魅
力) and personal nature of a hand-written note or letter.
Now, letter writing is making a comeback in the form of AI robots. These AI robots can write notes for
humans in their own handwriting. David Wachs is the head of Handwrytten. He said businesses use his company’s
robots for handwritten letters and “thank-you” notes to create a strong and personal connection with those who
receive them. Many non-profit (非盈利) organizations also use handwritten letters to keep donations (捐赠)
coming.
Automated (自动化的) letter writing is not new. Thomas Jefferson, the third U. S. President, often used a
polygraph (复写器), which he considered the greatest invention of his time. It let him make copies of his letters to
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keep for his own records. His guide, Charles Morrill, once said about the polygraph, “… Jefferson keeps buying
machines and exchanges ones that are not quite perfect for the next one that’s a little bit better.” Using what he
considered wonderful technology, historians say Jefferson went on to write almost 20,000 letters in his lifetime.
Handwriting technology has greatly changed since Jefferson’s time. Wachs says such technology now
includes 3D printing and laser cutting. And if users need help thinking of exactly what to write in their notes, they
can choose AI to help them create a better message.
Whether using the printing press or the polygraph, a computer or a robot, one thing is clear ... humans will
use whatever tool they have to express themselves through the printed word.
1．How does the writer feel about the type-written word?
A．Surprised. B．Unbelievable. C．Disappointed. D．Glad.
2．Why does the writer use the example of Thomas Jefferson?
A．To advise us to use new wonderful technology.
B．To tell readers who the third US president was.
C．To remind us of the copies of Jefferson’s letters.
D．To show automated letter writing’s long history.
3．According to the passage, what can AI robots do when helping humans write notes?
① They can use humans’ own handwriting. ② They can write more notes at a time.
③ They can think of what to write if needed. ④ They can choose different languages.
A．①② B．①③ C．①④ D．②③
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．There will be a new machine to print words.
B．Handwriting technology has greatly changed.
C．Humans will never write by hand in the future.
D．Printed words are tools to show people’s ideas.
7
It might sound like magic, but in February, a paralyzed (瘫痪的) patient was able to drink water on his own by
controlling a special glove with his brain. The glove then acted as his hand. This was a success in brain-machine
interface (BMI, 脑机接口) technology made by a team of Chinese scientists and doctors.
BMI refers to creating a connection between the human brain and external devices (外部设备), making
communication between the brain and computers. For paralyzed people, BMI can allow them to move and do
simple things by themselves.
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On Oct 24, 2023, the team put a BMI chip (芯片) in the patient’s head. The chip can receive neural signals (神
经信号) from the brain.
After three months of home recovery (康复) training, the patient can now use his brain signals to control a
special glove powered by air pressure. This helps him do things like drinking water independently.
BMI technology usually means putting chips directly onto the patient’s brain. However, this project is minimally
invasive (微创的), making sure the patient’s brain is not harmed. So it is an important breakthrough. It also uses a
wireless power supply (无线电源), so the implanted (植入的) device doesn’t need a battery(电池).
Li Yuanning from Shanghai Tech University told CCTV News that BMI is now mainly used in the medical field
to improve the lives of people with brain-related problems or speech difficulties.
In China, BMI technology is still in the early stages of research, with no products on the market yet. Some
people are worried that tests may influence patients’ independence and even who they are. Ethical concerns (伦理
问题) related to BMI also need to be addressed. These include whether the patient has a clear understanding of
what is going on when they agree to take part in the test.
1．What is China’s recent success in BMI?
A．A paralyzed patient can move freely with a BMI chip.
B．A paralyzed patient can communicate with computers.
C．A BMI chip was successfully put into a patient’s brain.
D．BMI helped a paralyzed patient drink water on his own.
2．What does “breakthrough” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．mistake B．achievement C．experiment D．invention
3．What is the advantage of the new BMI technology?
A．It doesn’t need any power.
B．It doesn’t harm patients’ brains.
C．It understands patients’ needs correctly.
D．It helps people improve their speech skills.
4．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Many people are against BMI technology.
B．The tests of BMI are at high risk of failure.
C．BMI technology is still under development.
D．BMI technology is widely used in the medical field.
8
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请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
The iPod Generation
Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they
go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what’s happening around them. 1 .
Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”?
For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. 2 . What’s even better, wearing
earphones seems to give a signal to people which says, “I’m not available for chatting at the moment!”
Suppose you’re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough (极大的突破), but a workmate
suddenly turns up. At this moment the slightest disturbance (干扰) would break your concentration. 3 .
Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.
4 . It’s probably part of the growing up sage when they just want to ignore (忽视) their whole family.
While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume
on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, mum.” Problem solved.
Pretty soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears, but also our brains will be
directly plugged into (接通) some new high-tech instruments. We’ll be in a virtual (虚拟的) world, communicating
with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like. 5 . And they are changing our social habits along the way.
In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to
it! It! It’s so strange—suddenly, I don’t feel like wearing my earphones any more.
A．Our instruments are changing quickly
B．I don’t have to deal with the noise from the environment
C．In the home situation, teenagers love these wires
D．I also have wires hanging from my cars
E．Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions
F．They walk around in their own space, with their personal “digital noise reduction system”
G．After all, I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.
9
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, cars have become smarter and smarter. In more than nine cities, there are driverless
taxis in China. Across the world, many “smart roads” have been in practice, and more are being built. 1
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● Roads that recharge (充电)
Global warming has forced us to search for new energy sources. Why not look to the roads? With the right
technologies, 2 Piezoelectric (压电的) roads mix traditional asphalt with new materials. They use vibrations
(震动) from passing cars to produce electricity.
● Built-in brain
3 They could send people updates on weather and traffic situations, and recharge electric cars as they
drive. This seems to be a dream. But a company has almost made it come true. By sensing the weight of a car,
4 After having collected traffic data, the roads will send it to the drivers.
● Roads that never freeze (结冰)
It can be dangerous to drive in snowy weather. 5 When they feel snow or ice on their surfaces, the roads
will heat themselves up, melting (融化) the snow or ice away. The project has been successfully tested on a few
roads and in some car parks.
A．the company’s smart roads can record the speed of each wheel.
B．cars around the world could be producing energy as they go.
C．Some new technologies are being put to use.
D．There is still a long way to achieve the driverless technology.
E．Smart robots will tell passengers anything they want.
F．Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them.
G．A tech company has developed the snowless roads.
10
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
ChatGPT is back in the headlines! OpenAI, the company behind the popular chatbot, has now introduced a
powerful new language: GPT-4.
Several months ago, GPT-4 showed the world how smarter it is than the previous (先前的) GPT-3.5. 1
For example, if you show a picture of a phone using the wrong charger, GPT-4 can tell why the picture looks
strange or funny.
But GPT-4’s developments are far more than that. The new language model can code (用代码编写) classic
games in only a few minutes, and it also can produce the code and layouts (布局) for a website with a hand-made
drawing. 2 According to some scientists, GPT-4 did really well on a school test, with a score in the top 10
percent of test takers. 3
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GPT-4 will also be widely used in other apps and services. For example, the language learning app Duolingo
plans to use GPT-4 in their Duolingo Max Function. 4 Another app, Be My Eyes, will have a digital
assistant to help blind people understand the world around them.
5 GPT4 still can’t get completely correct answers sometimes, especially with newer information after
September 2021. GPT-4 also sometimes “hallucinates (产生幻觉)”, it means that GPT-4 will think the wrong
information is true.
A．GPT-4 is very popular to young people.
B．App users can learn language by talking with AI.
C．But GPT-3.5 only got a score in the bottom 10 percent.
D．There are still some problems with GPT-4, however.
E．You don’t need to pay anything when you use GPT-4.
F．One of its advantages is that it can understand pictures.
G．GPT-4 is also much better than the older GPT at taking tests.
13
