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01 题型策略-细节理解题
真题回顾
（2024·浙江·中考真题）Every year, lots of animals around the world go on migrating (迁徙) journeys.
Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young. Migrations can be long
and difficult for animals, but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress.
In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Poyang, in China, fly north to Siberia, Russia. On
the way, they find places to stop and eat to keep their energy levels up for the long journey. Some birds, such as
geese, eat young grass that starts to grow at the beginning of the season. This food can last for only a few weeks.
And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This
means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands
where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.
A team of researchers have recently chosen to follow 246 birds, including geese and tundra swans, that are
flying from Lake Poyang to Sberia. They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt ( 适应) to the
environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating
seeds (种子) dropped by farmers.
The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds’ diets as more
natural wetlands disappear. They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, such as using machines
that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds. However, they also say wetlands must
be protected, so the birds can enjoy different foods during their long journeys.
1. Which can be a reason for animal migration according to Paragraph 1?
A. Raising their babies. B. Enjoying the journey.
C. Sending food to others. D. Taking care of the old.
2. What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia?
A. There is no grass growing along the way.
B. There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way.
C. Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food.
D. Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass.
3. How does the birds adapt to the environments they pass through?
A. By changing their diets. B. By changing the way they fly.
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C. By making their homes in wetlands. D. By making friends with farmers.
4. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Stop killing, stop polluting B. Save water, save life
C. Birds help harvesting work D. Farms help migrating birds
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了农田如何帮助迁徙的鸟类。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise
their young.”可知，动物迁徙的原因之一是为了繁殖和抚养后代。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food
are disappearing, too.”可知，鸟类在迁徙途中可能面临的问题是自然湿地的减少，导致觅食困难。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt (适应) to the environments they
pass through.”可知，鸟类通过改变饮食来适应经过的环境。故选A。
4. 最佳标题题。根据文章内容，尤其是“farmland along the way can help their progress”以及“seeds will
become a more important part of migrating birds’ diets”可知，文章主要讲述了农田如何帮助迁徙的鸟类。故选
D。
知识积累
细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理
解题 和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案， 常用 who ， what，when，where，
why 和 how 等提问。说明文和叙述文的阅读题有相当一部分是此类题。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词
语和句子 的转换， 依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息， 然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进
行加工或整 理后方能得出结论， 此类试题在中考试题中占大多数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好
该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：
【策略1】线索句定位法
所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。
首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其
次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句与
试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。
【典例示例】
To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and
playing board games and video games. He or she should also prepare some delicious snacks and fun
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food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows and
blankets. But if they forget
something, they don't need to worry because the host will give them what they need.
If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most American
schools. A prom is a formal dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the
end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation (毕业) dance.
Students should wear formal clothes at
the prom...
2. The students at a prom.
A. wear formal clothes B. wear pajama C. play fun games D. are all surprised
【策略分析】
Step1：定位到段：第一题的答案出现在第一段中，第二题可以顺着段落顺序，定位到第二段；
Step2：定位到句：根据题干中出现的 students/at a prom，迅速定位到目标句 “Students should wear
formal
clothes at the prom.”；
Step3：定位答案：根据目标句中的 should wear formal clothes 确定答案为 A
【策略2】语意转换法
【典例示例】
Fifty-seven years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first came out in the world of toys. Since then, Barbie doll,
as
everyone called her, has become the most famous toy doll in history. Her parent, the Mattel Company,
said that
90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.
However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the market in
competition with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, came to life seventeen years ago. She
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looks more like today's pop stars with heavy makeup (浓妆) and miniskirts.
Barbie's trouble is that .
A. it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts
B. other dolls are more popular with girls
C. other dolls are trying to beat her in the market
D. it is more expensive than the other dolls
【策略分析】
Step1：定位到段：题干中的核心词是 Barbie's trouble，故可定位至第二段。
Step2：定位到句：根据 trouble，可定位至目标句“ However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There
are
many dolls on the market in competition with her.”
Step3：定位答案：根据第二段 Barbie is facing some trouble at present. There are many dolls on the
market in competition with her.可知，芭比娃娃面临的问题是：市场上有许多洋娃娃和她竞争(in competition
with)，也
就是这些洋娃娃正试图在市场上打败(beat)她，确定答案为 A。
【策略3】选项 vs 原文比对法
比对法常用于正误判断类试题， 就是以文章为依据， 对选项中所涉及的内容做出正误判断， 可能是针对某
一细节，也可能是针对文章大意等。主要考查学生对多处细节或段落大意，文章大意的理解能力。
【典例示例】
Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. We use water to wash bowls, clothes and ourselves.
Where does all water come from? It comes from the clouds. Some of the rain sinks(渗入) into the
ground.
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Many people get water from the ground.
Some rain water comes down the mountains into streams(小溪). The streams come together to
make lakes. Many people get water from these lakes. Water can change itself. When water gets very
cold, it becomes ice.
When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.
Which is True?
A. Animals need water, too.
B. All rain water becomes streams.
C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam.
D. When it is hot, water becomes ice.
【策略分析】
Step1：逐条分析四个选项，在文中定位对应的线索局：
A. Animals need water, too. 动物也需要水
根据第一段“ Everybody needs water. Everything needs water. ”可知每个人都需要水， 每样东西都需要水，
包
括动物。故 A 正确。
B. All rain water becomes streams. 所有的雨水都变成了溪流。
根据第二段“Some of the rain sinks（渗入）into the ground. Many people get water from the ground.”
可知有些
雨水渗入地下，许多人从地下取水。故 B 错误。
C. When it is hot, stream becomes steam. 当天气热的时候，水流变成了蒸汽。
D. When it is hot, water becomes ice. 当天气热的时候，水变成冰。
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根据第三段“When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.”可知当水变得很热的时候， 就会变成蒸汽。故 C
和
D 错误。
Step2：定位答案：结合选项分析可知，确定答案为 A。
【策略4】逻辑顺序厘清法
逻辑顺序厘清法， 就是根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系， 找出事件发生、
发展的正确顺序。主要考查学生对文章细节中事物发展顺序的理解能力。
【典例示例】
While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun
playing on the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place (Mum and Dad had
always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him
that I was just as brave as him, so I
agreed to go with him.
We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索) the area. So Bob started to climb down and I
followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not
get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time no help came. I was really
scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied a rope
around herself while a man at the cliff top held
the rope. She made her way down to save us.
My parents were relieved(宽慰的) that I wasn't hurt, but they were angry that I had done such a
dangerous
thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again.
In what order did the events happen?
a. Some rocks came down.
b. The writer followed Bob.
c. The writer wanted to cry.
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d. A man and a woman saved them.
e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. b-a-c-e-d C. a-c-b-e d D. b-c-a-e-d
【策略分析】
Step1：理解 a-e 题干描述的事件：a. Some rocks came down. 一些石头掉了下来；b. The writer
followed Bob. 作家跟着鲍勃；c. The writer wanted to cry.这位作家想哭；d. A man and a woman saved
them. 一男一女
救了他们； e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds. 作家和鲍勃听到了一些声音。
Step2：通读文章理出事件发生的顺序：通读全文可知作者遇到了 Bob，才跟随 Bob 去了悬崖上，所以选
项 b 排在最前， 一些岩石掉下来， 遇到了危险， 因为害怕想哭， 所以 a，c 排在 b 的后面。接着作者
跟 Bob 听
到了声音，最后一个男人跟一个女人救了他们，所以 e ，d 排在末尾；
Step3：定位答案：结合选项和文章进行排序可知，确定正确答案为 B。
【策略5】数字计算法
【典例示例】
Shared chargers (共享充电宝) have already appeared at 37 sites in Xi'an. People in Xi'an can find them in
places like restaurants and shopping malls.
How to enjoy the special service? That's easy! Users can scan a QR code (扫描二维码) on a
machine to rent one of the chargers. Of course, before using, users need to pay a deposit ( 押金)
of 100 yuan. But if a user's Alipay-based Zhima credit score is over 600, he or she doesn't have to
pay a deposit. The chargers are free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after
that. You can spend at most 10 yuan a day. So don't worry about the cost!
Jim used a shared charger for 3 hours for the first time and he should pay for it.
A.1 yuan B.2 yuan C.3 yuan D.10 yuan
【策略分析】
Step1：定位到段：结合题干和选项可知， 本题需要根据共享充电宝的使用价格进行解答， 可定位至第二
段。 Step2：定位到句：根据 pay...for 和选项快速定位至关键句“The chargers are free to use for the first
hour, and will
cost 1 yuan per hour after that.”。
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Step3：定位答案：根据... free to use for the first hour, and will cost 1 yuan per hour after that.可知，共
享充电 宝第一小时免费使用，之后每小时 1 元。吉姆用了共享充电宝三小时，他最后应该付 2 元。
确定答案为B。
突破练习
1
（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·二模）How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can
help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries
people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影
子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about
3500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days
or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to
use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain
level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the
Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make
one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, springs (发条) were added around 1500. This
enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz watch was
developed. Clocks became cheaper to make. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began
depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital
clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.
Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
1. According to the passage, we can’t use a ________ tell the time on a rainy day.
A. water clock B. sun clock C. digital clock
2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph?
A. 现代的 B. 特殊的 C. 普通的
3. How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage?
A. Four. B. Six. C. Seven.
4. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage?（①＝Paragraph 1②＝Paragraph 2. . . ）
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A. B. C.
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The importance of time.
B. The development of timekeeping.
C. The inventions of clocks.
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了人类对时间测量技术的发展历程。从古代埃及的日晷到机械钟，再到现代
的数字钟，描述了时间计量工具的演变及其对人们生活的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a
sundial.”可知，日晷在阴天无法使用。故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to make. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可
知，钟表制作成本降低，普通人也可以拥有，这表明“ordinary”意思为普通的。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。文中提到了六种计时装置：sun clock, sundial, water clock, mechanical clock, quartz watch,
digital clock。故选B。
4. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段引入计时，2、3段讲述古代计时方法的发展，第4段讲述现代计时
工具。故选A。
5. 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了计时工具的演变及其发展过程。故选B。
2
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）During ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPads or computers to
have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood. Have you ever
joined in these activities?
Kicking stone balls
During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern
part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. People could not only have
fun, but also do exercise.
Playing hide-and-seek
Hide-and-seek was popular for children around the nation. There were some ways to play this
game: covering a child’s eyes while other kids ran around to play little tricks on him, or more
commonly, others hid and one child must try to find them.
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Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood instead of paper. The
three most famous kites were the Beijing kite, the Tianjin kite and the Weifang kite. Each had
its own characteristics. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings was a spacial kind
of the Beijing kite.
Watching shadow (影子) plays
The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play.
The artists controlled puppets (木偶) behind the screen and told stories to the music.
1. According to the passage, ________ is popular in the northern part of China.
A. kicking stone balls B. playing hide- and- seek
C. flying kites D. watching shadow plays
2. How many ways are mentioned in the passage to play hide- and- seek?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
3. From the passage, we can know that the earliest kites were made of ________.
A. paper B. wood C. iron D. cloth
4. If children in ancient China wanted to “watch a film”, they could choose _________.
A. B.
C. D.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Activities for children in the ancient times. B. Ways to do exercise and have fun.
C. Ancient culture behind games. D. How to play jokes on others.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代中国儿童在没有智能手机、iPad或电脑等现代娱乐设备的
情况下，所参与的几种有趣的活动，包括踢石球、玩捉迷藏、放风筝和看皮影戏等。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in
the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm.”可知，在清朝时期，踢石球在中国北
方是一种流行的游戏，并且经常在冬天玩以保持温暖。故选A。2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There
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were some ways to play this game: covering a child’s eyes while other kids ran around to play little tricks on him,
or more commonly, others hid and one child must try to find them.”可知，玩捉迷藏的方式有两种：一种是蒙住
一个孩子的眼睛，其他孩子在他周围跑来跑去捉弄他；另一种更常见的方式是其他人藏起来，一个孩子必
须努力找到他们。因此，文中提到了两种玩捉迷藏的方式。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood instead
of paper.”可知，风筝有很长的历史，最早的风筝是用木头而不是纸做的。因此，最早的风筝是用木头制成
的。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see
a shadow play.”可知，在古代，最接近看电影的事情就是去看皮影戏。因此，如果古代中国的孩子们想“看
电影”，他们可以选择去看皮影戏。选项D的图片是皮影戏，故选D。
5. 主旨大意题。根据文章开头“During ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPads or computers to
have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood.”以及后续对几
种古代儿童活动的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了古代中国儿童在没有现代娱乐设备的情况下所参与的几种有
趣的活动。故选A。
3
（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·三模）People often use their mouth and also some body language to talk with
each other. When we have good news, we want to talk about it with our good friends and when something bad
happens, we make it known to others soon. But do you know that some trees can also talk about news with each
other? Of course, no trees move lips and say words just as people do. It may sound strange, but some trees really try
to talk with each other in other ways.
Willows (柳树) are the best-known of these trees. When insects begin biting a willow, the tree ends out a
special smell at once. This smell tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near. All of them quickly
make a chemical in their leaves. This chemical is bad for the insects. The insects do not like it and will fly away
soon. In this way, the willows protect themselves from the insects. The next time when you take a walk in the
woods, maybe the trees are talking to each other quietly. How magical nature is!
16 From Paragraph 1 we can know ________.
A. few people like using the body language to talk with each other
B. some trees can say words just as people do
C. when some bad things happen,we d on’t want to tell others
D. some trees can talk with each other in other ways
2. A willow uses ________to talk.
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A. its smell B. its leaves C. its branches D. its fruit
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Some trees can talk about news as people do.
B. Willows can make the insects fly away by sending out a special smell.
C. The willow’s talk can catch the insects.
D. The chemical in willows’ leaves is bad for insects.
4. The underlined word “it” refers to ________ in Paragraph 2.
A. the leave B. the chemical C. the tree D. the insect
5. Where can we read this passage?
A. In a storybook. B. In a science book. C. In a travel guide. D. In a sports magazine.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个冷门的科学知识，柳树和人一样可以树叶间相互交流，
当发现有害昆虫时，它们能利用树叶制作化学物质，让有害昆虫飞走。
1. 细节理解题。根据“It may sound strange, but some trees really try to talk with each other in other ways.”可知，
一些树真的可以用其他方式进行交流。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据“When insects begin biting a willow, the trees end out a special smell at once. This smell
tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near. ”可知,柳树是通过散发一股神奇的香味来进行相互
交流的，比如有害虫来时，柳树就通过散发香气提醒彼此要提防有害的昆虫。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据“All of them quickly make a chemical in their leaves. This chemical is bad for the insects.”
可知，柳树树叶上的化学成分对昆虫有害。故选D。
4. 词义猜测题。根据上一句话“This chemical is bad for the insects.”可知，昆虫不喜欢的其实就是柳树叶制
造出来的化学物质，所以，下划线it指的是化学物质。故选B。
5. 判断推理题。根据“”It may sound strange, but some trees really try to talk with each other in other ways.”和
“When insects begin biting a willow, the tree sends out a special smell at once.This smell tells the other willows
that harmful insects are coming near.”及结合全文可知，这是说柳树通过树叶交流，利用树叶制作化学物质，
让有害昆虫飞走的故事，有点偏科学，所以我们能从科学书上读到这篇文章。故选B。
4
（2024·黑龙江大庆·一模）Whether from news or social articles, you may know that 5G is coming.
5G is the 5th generation (代) network. It’s a new network after 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and it can connect everyone
and everything together. 5G networks will cover many cities in China soon. 5G means super-fast data (数据) speed,
one can download a two-hour movie for fewer than 10 seconds, and it is making our lives much easier.
5G will make self-driving cars possible. For safety, self-driving cars needs super-fast data transmission (传
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输) to communicate with their nearby environment. 5G is just what makes self-driving cars achieve this. Airplanes
will become “smart” in the near future. Passengers will be able to use 5G networks in the air to order food and
drinks on the Internet.
5G will be big help for students who take online classes. Many people live in poor areas in the world where
there are no schools. But with 5G, this will change. Students all over the world will be able to see places like the
Great Wall without leaving their rooms.
It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.
The facts listed above are only a part of what 5G will make possible and popular. Just as in the early days of
the Internet in the 1990s, few could see how it could change the world. The same will surely be true of 5G. With
5G, many things do not seem like dreams anymore. Now let’s get ready to say goodbye to 4G and welcome the
coming of 5G.
1. The underline words “remotely” means ________.
A. 快速地 B. 高效地
C. 远程地 D. 科学地
2. According to the passage, 5G will make ________ possible in people’s life.
①self-driving cars ②“smart” airplanes ③online classes ④hospitals without doctors
A. ①②③ B. ①②④
C. ①③④ D. ②③④
3. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A. B.
C. D.
4. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To show 5G is perfect. B. To give an introduction of 5G.
C. To call on people to use 5G. D. To explain how 5G becomes popular.
【答案与解析】本文主要向我们介绍了5G的一些优势。
1. 词句猜测题。根据“It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for
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patients from far away.”可知，医生通过5G远程治疗病人也将变得更容易，这意味着可以照顾远方的病人，
故此处remotely意为“远程地”。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“5G will make self-driving cars possible.”“Airplanes will become ‘smart’ in the near
future”“5G will be big help for students who take online classes.”及“It means caring for patients from far away.”
可知，5G使自动驾驶汽车、“智能”飞机、在线课程以及远程治疗成为可能。故选A。
3. 篇章结构题。第一段引出了5G；第二、三、四、五段介绍了5G的作用；第六段为总结。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。本文主要向我们详细介绍了5G的一些优势。故选B。
5
（2024·江苏南京·二模）Have you ever seen a poster for a product in a place you didn’t expect? Or have
you ever been surprised by a group of strangers who suddenly started singing and dancing together to advertise a
service? People in advertising call this “guerrilla marketing”. It’s a term that describes low-cost and unusual
marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard.
Guerrilla marketing is different from traditional marketing because it doesn’t use typical marketing platforms
like print, TV, or online advertising. It’s also a lot cheaper. It was first designed for small businesses with less
money, but these days many large companies are trying this clever and affordable strategy.
Coca-Cola is one such company. It once placed a special vending machine on a college campus. If students
bought a bottle of Coca-Cola from the machine, they got two extra bottles free of charge to give to their friends.
Sometimes, a hand came out of the machine and gave customers flowers instead of an extra drink. People loved it!
Coca-Cola filmed customers enjoying this special “happiness machine” and posted the video online. Many people
watched the video and shared it with their friends, and the company enjoyed free publicity.
IKEA—one of the world’s largest furniture companies—also gave guerrilla marketing a try. To celebrate the
30th anniversary of its most popular bookcase, IKEA decided to try something different. It teamed up with a charity
called the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation to set up the world’s largest outdoor library. The location?
On a beach! IKEA displayed its bookcases on Sydney’s Bondi Beach and filled them with over 6, 000 books.
People got to see IKEA’s bookcase in use and find something interesting to read at the same time.
1. What is the writer’s purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To describe how successful guerrilla marketing is.
B. To show why guerrilla marketing is successful.
C. To show when guerrilla marketing began.
D. To explain what guerrilla marketing is.
2. The underlined phrase “off guard” means ________.
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A. not spending much money
B. doing something unusual
C. not expecting a surprise
D. waiting for something new
3. IKEA probably chose Bondi Beach to show its products because ________.
A. it was a future location for IKEA’s store
B. it was an unusual place to see books
C. it was near a public library
D. it was near an IKEA store
4.A. They are both well-known companies around the world.
B. They both use traditional marketing strategies.
C. They both spend a lot in advertising their products.
D. They are both successful examples of guerrilla marketing.
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了“游击营销”的概念，这是一种低成本且出奇制胜的非传统营销策略。
1. 推理判断题。根据“People in advertising call this ‘guerrilla marketing’. It’s a term that describes low-cost and
unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard.”可知，作者写第一段的目的是解释什么是游击
式营销。故选D。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“People in advertising call this ‘guerrilla marketing’. It’s a term that describes low-cost and
unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard.”可知，这里提到了不同寻常的营销策略，结合
语境带下划线的短语“off guard”的意为毫无防备，文中意指“没想到会有惊喜”，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“IKEA displayed its bookcases on Sydney’s Bondi Beach and filled them with over 6, 000
books. People got to see IKEA’s bookcase in use and find something interesting to read at the same time.”可知，宜
家之所以选择邦迪海滩来展示其产品，可能是因为那是一个不寻常的看书的地方。故选B。
428. 推理判断题。根据“Coca-Cola is one such company…they got two extra bottles free of charge to give to
their friends.”以及“IKEA—one of the world’s largest furniture companies—also gave guerrilla marketing a try.
To celebrate the 30th anniversary of its most popular bookcase, IKEA decided to try something different.”可知，作
者提到可口可乐和宜家都是“游击营销”的成功范例。故选D。
6
（2024·河南郑州·一模）The color of the ocean has changed greener significantly (显著地) over the last 20
years and human-caused climate change is likely responsible, according to a new study.
“More than 56% of the world’s oceans have changed color that cannot be explained by natural variability (可
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变性),” said a team of researchers, led by scientists from the UK and the US, in a statement.
According to the study, tropical (热带的) oceans close to the equator (赤道) have become greener in the past
two decades, reflecting changes in their ecosystems.
The color of the ocean comes from the materials found in its upper layers (上层). For example, a deep blue
sea will have very little life in it, and a green color means there are eco systems there, based on the plankton (浮游
生物). The plankton forms the basis of a food web which supports larger living things such as krill (磷虾), fish and
seabirds.
“It’s not clear exactly how these ecosystems are changing,” said study co-author Stephanie Dutkiewicz.
“Ocean ecosystems are finely balanced and any change in the plankton will send ripples (涟漪) across the food
chain. All changes are causing an imbalance in the natural organization of ecosystems. Such imbalance will only
get worse over time if our oceans keep heating. It will also affect the ocean’s ability to store carbon (碳), as
different plankton absorbs (吸收) different amounts of carbon,” she told CNN.
The researchers are still working to explain exactly what the changes mean now.
1. What is happening according to this study?
A. The color of the ocean is becoming greener.
B. Natural variability is leading to the changes in the ocean color.
C. The number of plankton in the ocean is gradually reducing (减少).
D. Ocean ecosystems are becoming more and more balanced.
2. What kind of animal feed on plankton directly according to this passage?
A. B.
C. D.
3. What is Paragraph 5mainly about?
A. Reason of the greener oceans.
B. Importance of amounts of carbon.
C. Process of water color change.
D. Danger of the warming oceans.
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4. What causes the change of the ocean color according to the writer?
A. The ocean’s ability to store carbon.
B. Natural variability of the oceans.
C. Tropical oceans close to the equator.
D. Human-caused climate change.
5. In which unit of a textbook can the text be found?
A. Unit 1 Friends Forever
B. Unit 2 Protection of Environment
C. Unit 3 The Value of Money
D. Unit 4 The World of Science
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了海洋颜色显著变绿的现象主要和人类活动引起的气候变化有关，并且探讨
了这一现象对海洋生物和人类的危害。
1. 细节理解题。根据“The color of the ocean has changed greener significantly (显著地) over the last 20 years
and human-caused climate change is likely responsible, according to a new study.”可知海洋的颜色正在显著变绿。
故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“The plankton forms the basis of a food web which supports larger living things such as
krill (磷虾), fish and seabirds.”可知磷虾是以浮游生物为食的。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。通读第五段内容可知本段主要讲述了海洋升温会带来的危害。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据“The color of the ocean has changed greener significantly (显著地) over the last 20 years
and human-caused climate change is likely responsible”及“More than 56% of the world’s oceans have changed
color that cannot be explained by natural variability (可变性)”可推知作者认为是人来活动造成的气候变化改变
了海洋的颜色。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了海洋颜色的变化可能引起的生态不平衡的问题，属于环境保护的范畴。故
选B。
7
（2024·河北保定·二模）Do you often ask questions? Children are known for wanting answers to many
questions, because curiosity (好奇心) is part of human nature. Books and TV shows often depend on curiosity.
People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens.
As we know, curiosity provides many advantages. Many of history’s greatest discoveries were made by
curious people. People wondered how things worked and how work could be done more quickly. Thanks to their
curiosity, people now know much about the world and have useful technology to help them. Even if you don’t plan
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to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the curiosity of
learning, classes will become more interesting. You will be good at them because you enjoy the process (过程) of
learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you an able worker.
What will you do if you’re not already curious? Luckily, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. Often, the
more you learn about a subject, the more interesting it becomes. To improve your curiosity, get information from as
many sources (来源) as possible when you learn about something. At the same time, read all kinds of books, watch
or listen to speeches and ask questions. Don’t always get information in the same way. Instead, learn to understand
the facts that different people know.
Don’t assume you already know everything. Instead, search for other possibilities and opinions. Remember,
everyone knows something that you don’t know. Find out what it is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something
and makes the other people happy by letting them show off their knowledge. Let’s try to become people who are
full of curiosity.
1. What makes children ask many questions?
A. They are curious. B. They know too little.
C. They aren’t so clever. D. They don’t read books.
2. What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. Every student can be an inventor. B. People need curiosity to get a job.
C. Curiosity helps us discover the world. D. Students should enjoy the learning process.
3. What can be helpful to improve your curiosity?
A. Reading only one kind of books. B. Showing others your knowledge.
C. Getting information in the same way. D. Getting information from many sources.
4. Which word is close to the underlined word “assume”?
A. Wonder. B. Think. C. Forget. D. Worry.
5. Which can be a proper title for the text?
A. Try to Be Curious B. Make Others Happy
C. Learn to Ask Questions D. Learn from Great People
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们充满了好奇心的原因、优势及如何提升自己的好奇心。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Children are known for wanting answers to many questions, because curiosity (好奇心) is
part of human nature.”可知，众所周知，孩子们渴望得到许多问题的答案，因为好奇心是人性的一部分。故
选A。
2. 主旨大意题。根据“As we know, curiosity provides many advantages. Many of history’s greatest discoveries
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were made by curious people.”可知，本段主要介绍了历史上许多最伟大的发现都是由好奇的人做出的。故选
C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“To improve your curiosity, get information from as many sources (来源) as possible when
you learn about something.”可知，为了提高你的好奇心，当你学习某件事时，从尽可能多的来源获取信息。
故选D。
4. 词义猜测题。根据“Instead, search for other possibilities and opinions.”可知，相反，寻找其他可能性和意
见。所以不要认为自己知道一切，assume意为“认为”，与think意思相近，故选B。
5. 最佳标题题。根据“Let’s try to become people who are full of curiosity.”及全文可知，本文从好奇心的好
处及如何培养好奇心两方面来告诉我们要保持好奇心，因此最佳标题为“试着保持好奇心”。故选A。
8
（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Well, let’s continue from where we stopped last time. I’m sure you’re well
aware of the dangers lurking (潜伏) on the World Wide Web. And whether it’s for schoolwork, entertainment, or
just socializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a major part of your child’s life. So, it’s important to secure
(使安全) their online stays.
It’s not an easy task, but maintaining open communication is key. Let them know they can share their online
activities with you. Discuss what interests them online and learn about popular websites and apps from them. This
will help you understand and identify (识别) potential risks.
Next, monitor without spying (探明). Most kids learn to understand boundaries, like respecting others’
personal space, or not opening the cookie jar without asking. Internet use is no different. It’s helpful to set clear
rules for them, like which websites they can visit, which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind
them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert (使警觉) an adult at once.
How you handle your kids’ Internet usage will depend largely on their age. There are websites and browsing
tools designed for younger children, such as YouTube Kids, which aims to provide a safe online experience for
children. Older kids may be allowed more freedom since they want to socialize and need to use the Internet for
information-gathering. But you can set boundaries that feel right for you. Just limit ( 限 制 ) their access
appropriately.
Allowing your children to make good decisions online teaches them responsibility, shows that you trust
them, and reminds them that rules may be tightened if they disobey them. Stay tuned.
1. What did the author talk about last time?
A. The potential risks of the Internet.
B. The influence of the Internet.
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C. Information offered by the Internet.
D. The importance of the World Wide Web.
2. What does the author suggest parents do to better understand their kids’ online behavior?
A. Communicate with children actively.
B. Spy on their children’s online activities.
C. Share online activities with their children.
D. Set strict rules for Internet usage without discussion.
3. According to the passage, what are suggested as ways to understand and identify potential risks of children’s
online activities?
①Encouraging children to keep their online activities secret.
②Discussing their interests online and popular websites with them.
③Asking them to pay more attention to the things that occurs online.
④Setting boundaries that your kids and you can accept.
⑤Limiting their access to the Internet.
A. ①②⑤
B. ②③④
C. ①③④
D. ②③⑤
4. What is the main purpose of introducing websites and browsing tools designed for younger children like
YouTube Kids?
A. To restrict children’s access to the Internet.
B. To provide a safe online experience for children.
C. To encourage children to explore the Internet independently.
D. To limit children’s online interactions to a specific platform.
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Limit Kids’ Screen Time
B. How to Keep Your Kids Safe Online
C. How to Set Online Boundaries for Kids
D. How to Monitor Your Kids’ Online Activities
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何保护孩子在网上安全，强调了与孩子保持开放沟通的
重要性，建议家长了解孩子的网上行为并设立明确的上网规则。
39. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Well, let’s continue from where we stopped last time. I’m sure you’re well aware
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of the dangers lurking (潜伏) on the World Wide Web.” 可知，互联网的潜在风险。故选A。
40. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s not an easy task, but maintaining open communication is key.”可知，积极与
孩子沟通。故选A。
41. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Let them know they can share their online activities with you. Discuss what
interests them online and learn about popular websites and apps from them.”，第三段“It’s helpful to set clear
rules for them, like which websites they can visit, which apps they can use, and what they can share online. Remind
them that if they feel uneasy with anything that occurs online, they need to alert (使警觉) an adult at once.”，以及
第四段“But you can set boundaries that feel right for you. Just limit (限制) their access appropriately.” 可知，结
合选项，②③④符合。故选B。
42. 细节理解题。根据第四段“There are websites and browsing tools designed for younger children, such as
YouTube Kids, which aims to provide a safe online experience for children. ”可知，为孩子提供安全的线上体验。
故选B。
43. 最佳标题题。根据第一段“So, it’s important to secure (使安全) their online stays.” 可知，文章说的是如
何保证你的孩子在网上的安全。故选B。
9
（2023·陕西西安·一模）
For 16-year-old Ma Yifei, the violin performance of the Beijing 2022 theme song, Snowflake, was her best
present for Paralympians (残奥会运动员) all over the world. Even though snowflakes are related to winter, she let
others feel warmth, hope and light through her performance. “I’m also disabled and I want to do something for
them with my music,” said Ma.
Ma went blind at the age of two because of an illness. She became interested in music when she was young.
She started to learn to play the piano at five and the violin at nine, experiencing the “colorful” music through sound
and emotion.
Ma’s mother Ha Chunyan, a former music teacher in a primary school, helped her memorize the music score
(乐谱) before she played the piano. Ma could not see the keys and always played the wrong notes. It took her
thousands of tries to play a piece correctly.
Learning the violin was more challenging. Ma needed to feel the teacher’s hands, arms and back to learn the
movements, and listen to the strings (弦) over and over again to feel the muscles (肌肉) herself.
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“After three years of learning, she still could not make any sound except terrible noises,” said Ha, who
advised her daughter to give up the violin. But Ma said, “As I’ve been practicing so long, it’s hard to give up. I
believe I will play better if I persist in practicing.”
In 2018, Ma got a chance to follow Sheng Yuan and Cao Yuhan, famous musicians from the Central
Conservatory of Music, to study music in Beijing. She left her home in Ningxia to follow her musical dream,
though she knew there would be more challenges ahead.
Ma expressed her excitement about performing at the big event. “All my hard work has paid off. I’m proud
of standing on the stage today.”
1. How does the writer describe Ma’s difficulties in learning the violin?
A. By offering advice. B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers. D. By questioning.
2. What does the underlined phrase “persist in” probably mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Take pride in. B. Look forward to. C. Keep on. D. End up.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about Ma?
A. Ma began to learn to play the piano at nine.
B. In 2018, Ma got a chance to study music in Beijing
C. It was more challenging for Ma to learn the piano than the violin.
D. Ma could memorize the music score by herself before playing the piano.
【答案与解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ma Yifei虽然因病失明，但是她克服各种困难，坚持练习
小提琴，最终努力得到回报，并在2022年北京残奥会上给人们带来了一场精彩的演出。
1. 推理判断题。根据“Learning the violin was more challenging. Ma needed to feel the teacher’s hands, arms
and back to learn the movements, and listen to the strings (弦) over and over again to feel the muscles (肌肉)
herself.”可知，文章分别讲述了Ma Yifei学小提琴时所遇到的困难的相关事例。故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“I believe I will play better if I persist in practicing.”可知如果坚持练习，会拉得更好，
故此处划线部分意为“坚持”，和keep on意义相近。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“In 2018, Ma got a chance to follow Sheng Yuan and Cao Yuhan, famous musicians from
the Central Conservatory of Music, to study music in Beijing”可知2018年，马有机会跟随中央音乐学院著名音
乐家到北京学习音乐。故选B。
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