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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 14 讲 阅读理细节理解题（精讲）
题型目录一览
关键词定位法
同义替换
计算类
概括类
知识点梳理
细节理解题的解题捷径
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
(1)先读题干，抓住关键词。
(2)带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子。
(3)仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
细节理解题的正确选项特征
同义替换 ①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换，如把 lose one's job换成 be out of
work。
②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance。
③改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
题型一“关键词定位法”
直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的
方法，通过定位找题眼
【典例】
(2022·全国乙卷)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A．￡4.
B．￡8.
C．￡12.
D．￡16.
[解析] 本题是直接信息题。根据 Admission 部分的“￡4.Children under 12 years
accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，入场费为4英镑，由成人陪同的12岁以下
的儿童免费入场。由此可知，一对夫妇带着两个12岁以下的孩子入场时，总共要付8英镑
的入场费。故选B。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
题型二同义转换
间接信息题为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加
以掩饰，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。常见的考查方式有以下3种形式
换词类 使用同义词或近义词(甚至反义词)对关键词进行同义转换，例如用ask对文中的
require进行同义转换，用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换等
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still
think about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office，he said，“That's
why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street－so I can focus.” His comment
struck me as strange.After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局)．
But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. 32.Why does the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate.
B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D．It encourages facetoface interactions.
[解析] 本题问的是为什么采访者倾向于选择共享办公区域，根据题干中的 coworking
space 可定位至本段第二句中的“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space
across the street —so I can focus”，对比选项可知答案。本题中命题人将原文中的focus替换
成了近义词concentrate。
[答案] A
题型三计算类
此类试题要求对具体细节信息(尤其是时间、数量等数字信息)进行加工，但此类试题重点
不在于计算，而在于考查对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此试题涉及的计算相对简单
[典例]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Essays(60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course：Essay 1
＝10%；Essay 2＝15%；Essay 3＝15%；Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments(30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/InClass Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short inclass
writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally，from time
to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home，both of which will be graded.
22．How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
[解析] 本题是计算题，询问“一名学生的最终成绩由几部分组成”。根据本部分的标题
“ Essays (60%)” ， “ Group Assignments(30%)” 和 “ Daily Work/InClass Writings and
Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)”可知，成绩由论文、小组作业和日常工作/课堂写作和测
试/小组工作/家庭作业三部分组成。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】[答案] B
题型四概括类
为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试
题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然
各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)
All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world
sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium，Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May
1，1989.
·Michigan Stadium，Ann Arbor，Michigan，U.S.Capacity：107，601.Opened：October 1，
1927.
·Beaver Stadium，State College，Pennsylvania，U.S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September
17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium，Columbus，Ohio，U.S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7，1922.
·Kyle Field，College Station，Texas，U.S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums，which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
[解析] 本题考查细节概括能力。题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部
分对各个体育场的介绍。根据该部分内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于 1927年、1960
年、1922年、1927年开放。
[答案] C
题型训练
1.(2022·福州高中毕业班质检)With the attractive scenery and the possibility of a sighting of a
monster(怪物)，Loch Ness is the one of those rare destinations that engages everyone.
Urquhart Castle
Captured by Edward Ⅰ in 1296，this prized castle changed hands between the Scots and the
English on several occasions.Though ruined today，it's still possible to climb the Grant Tower
and visit the battlements and prison cells.A café and the visitor centre offer modern facilities in
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】historic surroundings.
The Loch Ness Centre
For those who wish to digest the complete history of Loch Ness，this centre is particularly good
at documenting the history of this mysterious stretch of water，including many attempts to search
for Nessie，the infamous monster.It also holds curious artifacts(手工艺品)such as the diving suit
worn by Lloyd Scott when he undertook his underwater marathon.
The Clansman Centre
At the south end of Loch Ness，this attraction uncovers the truth surrounding 18thcentury family
life.Audience members get the opportunity to put on Highland dress and there's a demonstration of
how weapons were used.The presentations take place within the recreated interior of a Highland
house，adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)．
South Loch Ness Trail
This route invites hikers along the quieter south side of Loch Ness，passing through three
villages，and taking in the Falls of Foyers.Walkers hike a mix of minor roads and forest tracks，
with highlights including Suidhe Viewpoint(a mountainous view at 1，200 feet)．If it sounds too
easygoing，then consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail instead for a more challenging route.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个著名的旅游景点。
1．Which place best suits visitors interested in Nessie?
A．Urquhart Castle.
B．The Loch Ness Centre.
C．The Clansman Centre.
D．South Loch Ness Trail.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Loch Ness centre部分中的“this centre is...search for Nessie”可
知，对尼斯湖水怪感兴趣的游客可以去The Loch Ness Centre参观。
答案：B
2．What is special about the Clansman Centre?
A．It provides a genuine scene.
B．It displays fascinating scenery.
C．It exhibits entertaining artifacts.
D．It possesses modern conveniences.
解析：细节理解题。根据 The Clansman Centre 部分中的“The presentations...adding
atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)”可知，The Clansman Centre的特别之处在于它提供了真
实的景象。
答案：A
3．Which of the following would a tourist choose if he wants to challenge himself?
A．Seeking the Falls of Foyers.
B．Walking along the quieter side.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Hiking the Loch Ness 360° Trail.
D．Searching a mix of minor roads and tracks.
解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 South Loch Ness Trail 部 分 中 的 “ consider the Loch
Ness...challenging route”可知，游客要想挑战自我的话，可以去Loch Ness 360° Trail。
答案：C
2.The Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concerts
It's long been a tradition for the Vienna Philharmonic to send people all over the world a New
Year's greeting through music in the spirit of hope，friendship and peace.Tickets to the three
traditional concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic—the Preview Performance(December 30)，the
New Year's Eve Concert(December 31) ，and the New Year's Concert (January 1)—are in
extremely high demand every year.
Applications
Tickets to the three concerts are drawn lots(抽签)on the Vienna Philharmonic website.In this
way，music lovers from all over the world have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired
tickets.Between February lst and 28th ， applications will be accepted to take part in the
drawing.Requests submitted through the postal system，by email or by any other means will not
be considered.
Register a user account，log in(登录)and then in the“My Account”section enter the desired
tickets under the“New Year's Concerts Ticket Drawing”．In March，all participants will be
informed of the results of the drawing in the“My Account”area by email.
Tickets
The ticket prices range between 35 and 1，200 for the New Year's Concert，25 and 860 for the
New Year's Eve Concert，and 20 and 495 for the Preview Performance.You can make one
application for each of the three concerts.For the New Year's Concert you can apply for up to two
tickets.For the New Year's Eve Concert and the Preview Performance each you can apply for up to
four tickets.
Notices
•The conductor and the programme are the same for all the three concerts.
•An application made on February 1st has the same chance as an application made on February
28th.
•Should you have further questions，please visit the Frequently Asked Questions about New
Year's Concerts.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的相关信息。
4．What might a fan of the Vienna Philharmonic do on the last day of the year?
A．Pay for the concert tickets.
B．Enjoy the New Year's Eve Concert.
C．Apply for a ticket on the website.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．Appreciate the New Year's Concert.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“the New Year's Eve Concert(December 31)”可知，
在一年的最后一天，维也纳爱乐乐团的粉丝们可以欣赏新年前夜音乐会。
答案：B
5．How can you get tickets for the concerts?
A．By drawing lots online.
B．By placing an order.
C．By visiting the Help Centre.
D．By applying on the spot.
解析：细节理解题。根据 Applications部分中的“Tickets to the three...Vienna Philharmonic
website”可知，这三场音乐会的门票是在维也纳爱乐乐团的网站上抽签获得的。
答案：A
6．How many tickets can you apply for once at most?
A．Four. B．Six.
C．Eight. D．Ten.
解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“For the New Year's Concert...four tickets”可知，
新年音乐会最多可以申请两张票；新年前夜音乐会及预演，每人每场最多可申请四张门票
据此可知，三场音乐会最多可以申请十张票。
答案：D
3.Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very
heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall
is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock,
folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshall cardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order
for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the
stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should
start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone
else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a
packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the
rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows
for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's
touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to pay a
visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David's Hall.
21.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“With an impressive 2,000-seat concert
hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知,每年一度的Welsh Proms
Cardiff在圣大卫厅举办,故D项正确。
22.What can people do at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Enjoy comedies.
C.See family shows.
D.Do creative things.
22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Every weekend this is ‘Wales’ premier
comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.”可
知,在Glee俱乐部可以欣赏喜剧,故B项正确。
23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Presenting the best of the West
End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving
traditional theatre.”可知,新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院,结合最后一段提供的网址可
知,A项正确。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】4. Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best
loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the
world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general
public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to
Raeburn's English
Raeburn
Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct.,
Thursday 30 Oct.,
15.00
13.10
DUNCAN
JUDY EGERTON
THOMSON
Characters and Raeburn and
Characterisation in Artist's Training in
Raeburn's Portraits the
Thursday 6 Nov., 18th Century
13.10 Thursday 13 Nov.,
NICHOLAS 13.10
PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up
to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
21.【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据表格 Raeburn's English Contemporaries 部分中的
“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日,星期四)”可知,在10月30日,星期四可以去参加 Raeburn's
English Contemporaries。故选B。
5.(2022·全国乙卷)
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff
and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-
room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for
them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string
was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected
Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor
and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they
realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare
baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings,
Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the
cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which
of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the
building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding
snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the
people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse,
looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all
around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes,
mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
24.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best
friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a
settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916 年,来自纽约奥本
市的两个为好朋友的富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——到
落基山脉的一个定居地,在一间只有一个教室的校舍里教书。)”可知,Dorothy和Rosamond去
落基山脉是为了去学校教书。故选A。
6.(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023届高三第二次联考) “Why do you have 9,632 emails in
your inbox (收件箱)?”
I looked at my husband,“Um...is that a lot? How many are in your inbox?”
“About twenty,” he replied. I looked at my inbox. There were emails I had meant to deal
with; emails from customers and the kids’ schools with information I needed; there were time-
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】sensitive offers I’d never got around to investigating; endless updates from the social media
platforms I subscribed to, and the rest I had kept just in case.
I realized that I had become an email hoarder (囤积者). I clearly had a problem and I needed
to act. I paused my work and began to delete unwanted emails. An hour later I made little
progress.
“Just delete the whole lot,” my husband strongly suggested.
Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I
decided to compromise. I kept the last month’s emails and deleted everything else. I looked at my
almost empty inbox. Wow, it felt so good.
To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real
problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are “offers”. What if that
amazing offer never comes up again? But the fact is that they do...frequently. What’s more,these
great offers are often time-sensitive and so we hang on to them “just in case”, then miss the
deadline anyway and still don’t delete them.
I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school
emails go into a separate inbox, so I can see at a glance when “Dress like a Roman” day or “Bring
an onion to school” day (yes really) is coming up! I feel more in control and organized now. I’m
on top of my inbox. Now I’m off to handle the cupboard under the stairs!
1. What was the author’s immediate reaction to her husband’s suggestion??
A. She approved of it. B. She felt annoyed at it.
C. She hesitated about it. D. She was astonished at it.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “immediate reaction”，查找原文中
对于作者行为或者心理活动的表述，根据第六段中“Could I do that? It was appealing. But
I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I decided to compromise. (我可以这样做吗？
这很吸引人。但我停顿了一下。我不能。我确实犯难！然后我决定折中)”由该部分的心
里描写，可知作者对丈夫建议的第一反应是犹豫不决。故选C项。
2. What led to the author’s anxiety about deleting emails?
A. The deadline that she forgot to meet.
B. The fact that she liked keeping emails.
C. The offer that she might never give.
D. The fear that she would miss out something.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，锁定关键词 “the author’s anxiety about deleting
emails” 以及 “lead to”，考查某种心理产生的原因，根据第七段中“To be honest, I feel
genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real problem for many people
like me with email issues. So many emails are ‘offers’. What if that amazing offer never comes
up again? (很多邮件都是“offer(各种机会)”。如果那个极好的机会再也没有了怎么办?)”
可知，作者是害怕会错过一些东西而导致对删除邮件感到焦虑，原文中对于原因的表述
也是一种隐性的表达。故选D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3. What does the author do with her inbox at last?
A. Adopt an email system to classify all emails.
B. Separate unwanted emails into a new inbox.
C. Reply to school emails as soon as possible.
D. Set a restriction to the number of emails.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “do with her box at last”，根据篇
章结构和行文顺序，可以根据 “at last” 将答题信息锁定在原文的后半部分，甚至是最
后一段，根据最后一段中“I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email
system which ensures all school emails go into a separate inbox...,该部分译为：我发现把我
的电子邮件限制在50封很有用，我使用的电子邮件系统可以确保所有学校的电子邮件
都放在一个单独的收件箱里......)”可知，选项中的 “set a restriction to” 的表达是对原文
“limit” 的近义转换，作者最后限制了邮件数量。故选D项。
7.(2023届北京十一学校高三学部教与学质量诊断) Tara posted the picture of her daughter and
Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact
information. It turned out that Mr. Dan’s wife died in March and he had been suffering from
depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they
had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and
ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike any other. “She has
shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didn’t know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.
4.How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?
A. From a news reporter. B. From a stranger.
C. From a shop assistant. D. From his neighbor.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息为方式，根据第本段中的“Tara
posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him
reached out to her with his contact information.”（塔拉把女儿和丹的照片发布在Facebook
上，一个认出丹的人向她提供了他的联系方式）和“The person on Facebook told Tara
that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. ”（Facebook
上的这名人士告诉塔拉，这是他们第一次在他妻子去世后看到丹微笑）可知，是
Facebook上的网友告诉塔拉关于丹先生的事情，Facebook上的网友是塔拉不认识的陌生
人。故选B项。
8.(江苏省如皋市2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期教学质量调研) This involved diverting
(改道) the Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In
the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte
argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the
dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】5.What was painted in the “Mona Lisa” according to Mr Cotte?
A. A part of da Vinci’s hometown as it was. B. An overhanging precipice and a fortress.
C. A pointed rock and a castellated tower. D. The dried-up bed of a river.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息事物属性，根据节选段落中“Mr
Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is
instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted(柯
特先生认为，《蒙娜丽莎》右边的通道太宽了，不可能是路，而是达芬奇在他的计划被
采纳后想象的阿莫干枯的河床）”可知柯特先生说，干涸的河床在《蒙娜丽莎》的画中。
故选D。
9. (2023届江苏省盐城市、南京市高三年级第一次模拟考试) After monitoring the rats’ brain
activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in
a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the
rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the
hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to
synchronize (同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are
generally known as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain's
ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s Ѳ
waves became stronger.
6. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?
A. VR’s contributions to learning have finally been identified.
B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.
C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.
D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确考查内容聚焦“new findings”的重要
性的原因，回原文查找关于原因内容的描述，根据节选部分的第一段“After monitoring
the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered
electrical activity in a region known ashe hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed
depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new
findings are significant as( 引导原因状语从句 ) the hippocampus is a primary driver of
learning and memory in the brain. (在监测老鼠的大脑活动后，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校
的研究人员发现，海马神经元区域的生物电活动因老鼠被置于真实世界或虚拟现实环境
而有所不同。这项新发现意义重大，因为海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力)”可知，
海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力，新发现很重要是因为VR可以影响海马神经元
的生物电活动。故选B。
7. What can we learn about Ѳ waves?
A. They don’t respond to different brain rhythms.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B. They remain stable in different environments.
C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.
D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“θ (Ѳ）波”的属性特征，
根据节选部分的第二段的细节描述“When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in
the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步发生)at a rate of eight heartbeats per second.
Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (Ѳ)waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves
seeming to improve the brain’s ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a
VR environment, the rat's Ѳ waves became stronger.(当老鼠在现实生活中四处走动时，海
马体的电活动似乎以每秒8次心跳的速度同步。这种频率的心跳通常被称为“θ (Ѳ）
波”，更强的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力。在VR环境中，老鼠
的Ѳ波变得更强）”可知，强烈的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力，
由此可知，给出的正确选项对细节描述部分做了简要的概括，Ѳ波影响着人类感知知识
的方式。故选C。
10.(山东省潍坊市2023届高三学科核心素养测评) Almost a decade ago, we wrote, “Without
applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the
dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science
than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.” Since then, the
footprint of subscription-based news content has slowly decreased. Meanwhile, various
information, either true or false, increasingly dominates social media. Partly as a result, extreme
public views on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow separate.
8. What is the function of applied research on how to communicate science online?
A. To diversify the ways of communicating science.
B. To help the public correctly understand science.
C. To promote the development of social media.
D. To control online communication systems.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“applied science”的功能作用，
对应原文，根据第一段中“Without applied research on how to best communicate science
online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a
stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists
are trying to communicate.(如果没有关于如何在网上最好地传播科学的应用研究，我们就
冒险在创造一个这样的未来：网络交流系统的动态对公众对科学的看法产生的影响远大
于我们作为科学家试图传递的具体研究）”原文和选项内容为正话反说的关系，可知，
应用研究的功能是帮助人们正确理解科学。故选B项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
