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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 18 讲 七选五（精讲精练）
题型目录一览
原词重复信息
代词重复信息
派生词重复信息
同义重复信息
反义重复信息
一、知识点梳理
思维导图位置解题法
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三
种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑
思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
挖空位置 逻辑关系 具体解读
主旨句 常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
段首题
承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样
段中题 例证关系
性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for
instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to
say等。
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示
转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet,
转折关系
while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead,
nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结
因果关系
果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是
个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also,
递进关系 besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's
more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...
but ..., not only ... but also等。
并列关系 表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first,
then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another
thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题 总结句 用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
例子1…
●__40__ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to
healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating
junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
…
A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
例子2
…
●Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. __38__ If you work out in the mornings,
then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
…A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
[分析] 设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，
能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里
继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F。
例子3…
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether
you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.
__40__.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
题型一原词重复信息
【典例】
Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 37.Less people than that, and there may not
be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
__38__.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
题型 二代词 重复信息【典例】
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long，
snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available
register. __34__ This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine
line，a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.
Instead，it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.
解析：本题考查上下文衔接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时
延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：让所
有人排成一队，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F 项能很好地承接上文，同时F
项中的this method是空后This的指代对象，代词重复是一个很好的解题信号。
题型 三派生词 重复信息
【典例】
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward
silence at a dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host
a compliment (赞扬). __40__.Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious
and you have to tell me all about it.”
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
题型 四同义 重复信息
【典例】
If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think
about the probability：__33__ So it's not just in your mind：Another line probably is moving
faster.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.
题型 四反义 重复信息
【典例1】
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and,
obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
·Invite 5 — 10 people so you have a nice selection. __37__， and there may not be enough things
to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【题型训练】
1
Being thoughtful and active listeners can help us be better friends, colleagues, and family
members. And just like any other skill, our listening can be improved over time. Many people
share with us the little ways they’ve become better listeners.____1____
Maintain eye contact.____2____ It helps you be “present” with them, and feel their emotions
when they are sharing. It reduces the possibility of any distractions, and helps the other person
know that you are truly present in your conversation.
____3____Active listening has become even more critical while working from home, as it’s
so easy to talk over each other on Zoom calls. What you can gain from listening more and talking
less is you actually get much more out of the conversation. Instead of focusing on what you are
going to say next and not really absorbing what is being shared, keeping yourself on mute forces
you to only come into the conversation when you have something relevant or meaningful to share.
It allows others who may be less active to participate and it cuts down on the noise.
Listen without thinking of solutions. What may help you become a better listener is to stop
trying to listen for the problem to fix. Your job is to listen and take in what’s being said. You can
ask for clarifications while you are listening if you are unsure of their meaning.____4____ Thepoint is to let them lead and don’t interrupt with solutions. That may not be what they need right
now. If they only need to be heard or to find a listening ear, be that for them.
Block off enough time. To be a good listener, ensure you block time off.____5____ Instead, set
aside 2-3 hours to ensure your friend has undivided attention. And confirm to your friend that you
made time to have that long overdue talk. If you have a family, do it during school hours or when
your partner is at home.A. Take time for meditation.
B. It should not be for one hour.
C. Which of these tips will you try?
D. Why do you think these are helpful?
E. Put yourself on silent mode while others are talking.
F. But there’s no need to fix each part of the speakers’ issue as they are talking.
G. While listening, you’d better maintain considerable eye contact with the other person.
2
Think about a self-improvement goal you have, like earning a promotion at work or losing
weight. You may feel that you are being stopped from achieving your goal. Then what may be
holding you back is a “fixed mindset”. Here are some ways to develop a growth mindset.
____6____. When you learn to recognize effort in others, you’re changing the thinking way
about abilities. Rather than telling your child “You're so smart!” when they do very well in a math
test, say “You studied hard for that and deserved a good grade.” ____7____.
Look around you. If you can't recognize your own ability to improve, look to family
members or friends for evidence that effort and willpower pay off. ____8____. If you think
naturally “She's obviously good with languages,” reframe your thinking. More likely, she studied
hard and practiced often.
Compete with yourself. Caring how we rank is human nature, but caring too much does the
opposite and fuels a fixed mindset. ____9____. What's important is not how you compare to
others but how you compare to yourself. Are you moving forward and making progress in the
areas that you care about? If so, that's all that matters.
Learn from failure. When you have a fixed mindset, the voice in your head says, “I didn't make
the sale because I'm terrible at it.” ____10____. Could it be that you didn’t prepare enough to
answer all the clients, questions? What could you have done differently to change the outcome? If
you think about it hard enough, you'll probably come up with lessons to apply to your next sales
opportunity.A. Get expert help
B. Challenge this mindset
C. Praise for effort, not skill
D. We all have our strengths
E. You'll soon have the confidence for the next challenge
F. Acknowledging effort over talent is an important change
G. Maybe a friend set out to learn Spanish and became fluent3
Many people travel to enrich and enjoy themselves. As a Persian writer said:“Travel brings
power and love back into your life.” However, their travel methods may be different each year.
____11____. Let’s take a look.
Traveling alone
Traditionally, travel seems to be a group activity to have fun together and avoid loneliness.
But traveling alone has become popular, especially among young people.
Traveling on your own means that you are the boss of everything, choosing wherever you
want to go, whatever you eat and whenever you go out. For some people, it also offers a chance to
find themselves a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything. ____12____. “You
have to face new things and it pushes you out of your comfort zone,” a traveler from the US, told
Travel Pulse.
Virtual（虚拟的）reality
World travel can be expensive. But virtual reality, or VR is giving more possibilities to travel
for little cost. With ever-improving headsets（头戴式视读器）, smartphones and Wi-Fi
connections, people can have a 360-degree experience of museums, theme parks and historical
places. ____13____ or view a sea horse giving birth to babies before their eyes in a museum with
just a headset on.
____14____
There are always some “must-see” places anywhere you travel. But traveling in such places
always brings problems like overcrowding and noise. In order to have a better travel experience,
many tend to visit less famous places. With less transportation and fewer things to do, hitting up a
little town gets people to slow down and notice the little things. ____15____.A. You may find out
that you are likely to become a boss in the future
B. But traveling in a completely foreign land alone can be challenging
C. Here are some top choices for this year
D. Slowing down to enjoy the trip
E. Getting off the crowded path
F. Take a walk, ride a bike, drink coffee and explore the natural scenery
G. With these technologies, visitors can experience the surface of Mars
4
When reading Jack Reacher’s novel, I noticed that he would often answer questions with
silence. It was very powerful indeed.____16____For some people, silence comes naturally. But
there are quite a few of us who need to learn the art of practicing silence. Read on for more
reasons to try silence in your daily communications.
Silence gets people’s attention
If you have ever been in a classroom, you have most likely experienced how silence often
gets everyone’s attention. When the teacher stops talking, a signal goes to the brain that somethinghas happened.____17____The same is true in our daily conversations. If we fall silent. people will
notice it and we gain their attention.
Silence uses body language
Often our body language is a more powerful way of communicating than what comes out of
our mouth.____18____The ability to understand and use body language is a powerful tool that can
help you connect with others, express what you really mean, and build better relationships.
Silence offers sympathy (同情) for others
There are times in life when silence offers sympathy and understanding to others. Sometimes
we simply don’t have the right words to communicate to someone who is struggling with a hurtful
or painful situation. But we can still show them that we care and we are there for
them.____19____
Silence is polite
____20____From radio broadcasts, news channels, stores to the constant chatter of people around
us. So when we do get the chance to talk, we usually feel like we have to fill every thought into a
short period of time. However, when we are silent we give others a chance to speak. We show
them that they matter.A. We can offer comfort by our calming silence.
B. The silence often left the other person puzzled.
C. To comfort them, you may tell them a similar painful situation.
D. Often the other person would quickly get the needed answer in silence.
E. Our facial expressions, eye contact, and even tone of voice speak the loudest.
F. We live in a society where we are fighting with so many sources of information.
G. All of a sudden you pay attention and wonder why communication has stopped.
5
Having good conversations— with strangers or your friends— is an art. ____21____
Headlee, a podcast host, did a TED Talk about how to make a good conversation. Here’s her
advice.
Be present.
People think it means not looking at your email or texting during the conversation. It also
means giving people your entire attention, ignoring anything unconnected. There is another thing.
____22____ Let’s think of listening like a river. We dam it up all the time when we stop listening
to think about what we’re going to say next. Once that happens, you need to let such thoughts go
out of your mind and return to the conversation.
Talk small to get to weightier topics.
Anything is OK. ____23____ “It is pleasurable to answer questions about yourself. So small
talk is a way to let people do that,” Headlee explains. Remember Yes-or-No questions don’t lead
the conversation far. For example, rather than asking, “Are you sitting down?” You might try,
“What kind of chair would you like to sit in?”
____24____If you’re getting too many details, it can be easy to lose focus on the big picture. Nobody
cares about the exact date or somebody’s name or the movie you watched.
Handle an awkward silence.
You have two options. One is to let it breathe. People say all sorts of things to fill a gap in the
conversation— that can lead you down a new conversation. You can also address the awkward
silence. “Admit it with a joke,” Headlee says. ____25____A. Stay out of the weeds.
B. Mind your manners in a talk.
C. Go with the flow of the conversation.
D. You can’t pretend like it’s not happening.
E. Generally speaking, open-ended questions are preferred.
F. It requires attention, something that’s in high demand these days.
G. Ask people to talk about themselves and you’re already off to a good start.
6
Accepting a job offer can be exciting. ___26___ If we feel like we are settling, then it can
also bring about a sense of frustration, anxiety, or even sadness.
I have felt the sting (刺痛) of settling many times in my life. Years ago, I took a freelance (自
由职业的) role that at first, second, and third glance led to feelings of depression. What was once
an expanding universe of potential in my career suddenly contracted. ___27___ “This is not why
I studied mathematics or worked so hard,” I complained. I felt stuck. But the job came with a
bonus: business trips to a fascinating city. And once I realized that the job wasn’t entirely gloomy,
I started to notice other pluses I hadn’t previously considered.
We will all take roles at various times in our careers that do not tick all our goal boxes. We
have a good reason for accepting the job offer, such as the need for a job in a certain location to
keep family members together. ___28___ If we’re currently in this situation, we need to shift our
concept of settling. Instead of taking a role with a sense of desperation, we can think about the
new skills we’ll develop or the connections we’ll make.
We alone get to decide how to perceive an opportunity. A job is not a destiny. It is simply a
step toward a destination. We must be aware of how individual roles, even the most boring, are
still useful, relevant, and beneficial. ___29___ Something is not happening to us; on the contrary,
we are making something happen for us.
___30___ I expect there will be other jobs that at first glance will seem like I am settling. But I
will serve myself even better if I see the situation for what it is: a temporary station on the way to
a fascinating and fun career.A. I need the money, so I settle.
B. Oh, how I hungered for more!
C. But what if the job doesn’t tick all our boxes?
D. And when we make this mental move, we feel stronger.
E. Yet we may feel that it presents too many new challenges.
F. The freelance role that I settled on years ago won’t be my last.G. But we may also have a sense of unease that we are giving up the ability to dream.
7
One of the most popular vacation destinations for young families is the home of relatives.
____31____ Here are some tips for making sure you are invited back again.
Be considerate
Every family has their own way of doing things. Keep these things in mind when you're
visiting.
If your host family are early to bed and early to rise, don't keep them up talking until one
o'clock in the morning.
If your host family gets angry about kids running wild, either plan to keep a close eye on
your kids or plan to stay somewhere else. ____32____
Offer to help out
Playing host to a family with children can be quite a challenge. Make sure you help lighten
the load.
____33____ Offer to help with cooking and cleanup. Make your beds and run to the store for
milk. Better yet, don't ask. Just start working.
Help pay for food
This may not apply, if you're visiting parents and they insist on paying for everything and
they can afford it. ____34____ Use your judgment when it comes to parents. However, if you're
visiting cousins, it will be a great help to them if you buy your share of the food.
Show your appreciation
No matter whom you are visiting, make sure you let them know you appreciate their hospitality(盛
情招待). ____35____ Or leave some fresh flowers when you leave. If you don't have enough
money, write them a letter, letting them know how much fun you had and how much you
appreciate them.A. Don't expect your hosts to supply your every need.
B. Offer to take them out to dinner on your last night in town.
C. Make sure you don't leave your things behind while visiting a family.
D. In that case you may hurt your parents if you insist on paying for food.
E. Try not to disturb someone who is in the middle of exams.
F. Staying with relatives is a great way to save money while getting away from home for a while.
G. Having a talk with your children about expected behavior while visiting is always a good idea.
8
Do’s and Don’ts of Backyard Archaeology
Imagine that you are a detective at the scene of a crime. What you find is confusion.
Evidence has been moved, stepped on, broken. You even suspect that someone took crucial items
as souvenirs! This would make your job much more difficult, right? It might even make it
impossible to solve the case.
____36____ We study clues left by people long ago and learn a lot about them: their culture,their environment, where they came from, and where they went. Anything made or modified by
people is an artifact. As such, they are part of the archaeological record. These clues add to the
great puzzle of history—our history.
Archaeological sites are important to our cultural heritage. Laws protect them against damage
by neglect, vandalism, or looters. (Looters take artifacts to keep or sell.) Laws also help preserve
sites on public land. ____37____ This is true except in cases where human bones are found.
Special laws regulate what can be done with human remains.
What if you find an artifact—maybe an arrowhead, a piece of pottery, or an old cowboy spur
—in your backyard? ____38____ Write down anything you notice. Is it on the surface or was it
buried? Is the ground disturbed by construction or digging? Are there other artifacts nearby? Take
pictures. Every detail can help explain the artifact and maybe even reveal who left it behind.
____39____ What is the local Native American tribe? Was there an old colonial or western
town nearby? Were battles fought in your area in the Revolution or the Civil War?
Then contact your state’s historic preservation officer or an archaeologist at a nearby college or
university. These experts can help explain what you found. ____40____A. If possible, leave it in
place.
B. Archaeologists are like detective.
C. So keep these Do’s and Don’ts in mind!
D. Also investigate the history of where you live.
E. Preserve the artifact you find in your backyard.
F. It just might be a missing piece in history’s grand puzzle!
G. But private landowners have the rights to their own property.
9
Water jogging is a workout method where people get into the water and copy the movement
of jogging. This workout routine relies on the resistance of moving inside water to build up
muscles and increase endurance (耐力). ___41___ This is because it is considered very effective
at burning food energy.
When people attempt this workout method, it is usually important to be floating in the water
at a depth that doesn’t allow the feet to touch. The tenseness of the body while doing the exercise
can make it difficult to remain floating, so most people use some tools. The main devices are belts
that keep people floating at an exact depth so that they are submerged (淹没) shoulder level.
___42___
Water jogging can potentially be useful for almost anybody, but many of the people who try
this exercise method are attempting to recover from injuries. It is considered particularly good in
this situation for a lot of reasons. ___43___ Being removed from the effects of gravity can allow
for movements that don’t put as much strain on the body, especially in the joints.
___44___ For example, some movements have increased resistance underwater, including
any movements of the arms. When running on the ground, there is no significant resistance againstthe arms, but water jogging can potentially allow a person to build up muscles in that area.
Sometimes water jogging can be very difficult for people who are just starting out. ___45___ To
deal with the issue of boredom, some people may find ways to change the workout by mixing in
different levels of intensity (强度). This can potentially decrease the sense of boredom.A. The
water has other potential benefits as well.
B. We all hope to have the ability to float easily in the water.
C. Some find the exercise doesn’t hold their attention very well.
D. When people are floating in water, they are generally weightless.
E. Many people also believe that water jogging is a good way to lose weight.
F. It requires access to a pool deep enough to run without touching the bottom.
G. People also often wear special shoes that increase the resistance of the water.
10
After his father was sent to the hospital, Desouvre fell into a great anxiety. So he did the one
thing to calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks,
writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. ____46____ It is referred to
as “expressive writing.” People who do this, recording their deepest thoughts and feelings, often
show mental and physical health.
Expressive writing works because it allows you to make meaning out of a painful experience.
Recognizing that something is bothering you is an important first step. ____47____ It allows you
to take careful thought and keep a sense of control.
____48____ The more you avoid a problem, the more trouble you will have with it. That’s
because you create a circle of fear and anxiety, which increases negative emotions. Of course, to
face emotion is more than thinking or talking about it, which can lead you to get lost in your
emotions. On the contrary, writing can discourage the neural (神经的) instant activity in the threat
area of the brain. ____49____
Expressive writing can result in lower depressive symptoms (症状), greater positive mood, and a
good appreciation for life. Don’t worry about spelling or grammar, and don’t share your writing
with anyone. ____50____ The goal of the expressive writing is to find a true meaning in an
unsettling event.A. Writing causes your anxiety.
B. But do dig deep into your feelings.
C. Expressive writing has become a popular major.
D. It forces you to avoid getting lost in your emotions.
E. Writing such a difficult situation helped him to face his fear.
F. Expressive writing is powerful for the people unwilling to face emotions.
G. And then translating it into words leads you to organize your thoughts.
