文档内容
【一轮复习讲义】2024 年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通
用）
第 02 讲 动词时态和语态（精讲）
题型目录一览
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在完成时
被动语态
一、知识点梳理
一般现在时
用法：1.be(am，is，are)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es，其余人称
用动词原形。
I am free tonight.我今晚有空。
The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。
They are students.他们是学生。
Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。
2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。
3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。
She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。
5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。
提示：一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时，表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词，如果arrive(到达)，be(是)，begin(开始)，come(来到)，
go(去)，leave(离开)，reach(到达)，start(出发)等。
The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。
注意：一般现在时常用的时间状语有：
today今天 often经常
always一直 sometimes有时
usually通常 seldom很少
on Sunday 在星期天 every day/week/morning 每天/每
周/每天早上
一般过去时
用法：1.be(was/were)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。
I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。
They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。
2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。
My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。
The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。
3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语，但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用
一般过去时。
I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。
4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时，常去爬山。
5.表示过去连续发生的动作。
She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套，坐在沙发上。
提示：如果要强调已经终止的习惯，要用used to do。
He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。
I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。
注意：一般过去时常用的时间状语有：
a moment ago 刚刚 an
hour ago一小时以前
last week/month/year上周/上月/去年 the other day前几天
this morning 今天早上 two daysago两天前
yesterday昨天
just now刚才
现在进行时
用法：1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。
the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。
2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。
He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。
3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。
4.与always，forever等副词连用，用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。
She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。
My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。
提示：现在进行时表示暂时性的动作，一般现在时表示经常性的动作。
Where is he living?他(这几天/暂时/目前)住在哪儿?
Where does he live?他住在哪儿?
注意：现在进行时常用的时间状语有：
now现在 at present目前
this week这周 these days这几天
过去进行时
用法：1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。
She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。
2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么?
3.用于时间状语从句中。
My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。
4.表示过去将要发生的动作。
He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。
提示：表示感觉、感官的动词(see，look，hear，notice等)，表示态度和感情、心理的动词(like等)及表示
存在、继续的动词(be等)，以及have，belong表示“占有”时，不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应
译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have anew computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer.
注意：过去进行时常用的时间状语有：
at that time在那时 last night昨晚
then那时，当时 yesterday昨天
将来进行时
用法：1.由“shall/will be+现在分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。
Don’t call me tonight,I shall/will be doing my homework at that time.
今晚别给我打电话，那时我在写作业。
He’ll be leaving in two days.他后两天动身。
2.表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作，常常带有时间状语短语或时间状语从句。
What will he be doing this time next year?明年的此时他会在干什么?
When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,I will be waiting for you there.
明天你9点到车站时，我将在那儿等你。
3.表示按计划将要发生的动作。
They will be having their holidays in June.他们将于6月份放假。
提示：将来进行时在口语中使用比较普遍，它不带感情色彩，单纯表示一个将来的动作。
一般将来时
用法：1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。
He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。
We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。
2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。
3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。
I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。
提示：“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原
形”表示未经考虑的意图。
注意：“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原
形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作，都可以用来表示一般将来时。
The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。
The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。
过去将来时用法：1.由“was/were going to+动词原形”或“would/should+动词原形”构成。
He told me that he was going to see his brother.他告诉我他将要去看他的哥哥。
I knew he would come.我知道他要来。
2.表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
She wondered where he would go.她很想知道他会去哪儿。
3.表示过去习惯性的动作。
Whenever I had time,I would read books.过去一有时间，我就会读书。
现在完成时
用法：1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。
Jack has taught English in our school for three years.
杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。
I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。
2.表示“继续”，说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。
The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。
3.表示“经验”，说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时，说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影
响。
Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。
提示：有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态，因此它们不能和由 since，
for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive(到达)，buy(购买)，come(来)，die(死亡)，get
up(起床)，go(去)，join(参加)，leave(离开)，open(打开)等。
注意：现在完成时常用的时间状语有：
just刚刚
already已经
ever曾经 f
or a long time很长时间
never 从未 for
three months3个月之久
now现在 r
ecently/lately近来
since自从
since 1991从1991年以来since then其后 so far迄今为
止
this week 这 周 till/up to
now直到现在
today 今天 yet
仍然，已经
during the last two weeks在最近两个星期
in the past few days在最近几天
过去完成时
用法：1.由“had+过去分词”构成。
The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候，电影已经开演了。
2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months.
到上个月末，杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。
3.与when，before，till等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生时间的前后。
She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back.
她父母回来之前，她已经打扫了房间。
4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。
He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。
提示：过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词：expect，suppose，
hope，intend，mean，think等。
We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone.
我们本来希望赶8：30的火车，却发现它已经开走了。
注意：过去完成时常用的时间状语有：
just刚刚 already已经 ev
er曾经
yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直
到9点
up till then直到那时 up till
last night直到昨晚
by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前
将来完成时
用法：1.由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成，第一人称用shall/will，其他人称都用will。
I shall/will have read this book by Friday.到星期五，我就看完这本书了。
2.表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间，常用延续性动词。多与by，for，before等时间状语连用。
We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.到达那儿前，我们将要走很长一段路。
3.表示动作在将来某一段时间以前已结束，但其影响却持续到那一时间，常用终止性动词。
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候你就到上海了。
提示：在时间和条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.我把书看完了再提意见。
现在完成进行时
用法：1.由“has/have been+现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称都用have。
He has been saying that ten times.这话他已经说了10遍了。
2.表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作，常与延续性动词连用。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍继续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国已有两千年的造纸历史。
3.表示在现在以前的这个阶段重复发生的事情。
He has been calling me on several times this week.他这个星期来看我好几次了。
4.强调动作延续时间长或表达某些感情色彩。
We have been expecting to see you for a long time.长久以来，我们一直想见你。
提示：某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用于现在完成时，如see，hear，
know，have，like，be等感官动词、表示状态或喜好的动词和某些表示思维活动的动词。
过去完成进行时
用法：由“had been+现在分词”构成。表示动作从过去某一事件之前开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚
刚结束。同过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时必须以过去某一特定时间为基准。
She had been living here before she went to Shanghai.
她去上海之前一直住在这里。
语态知识梳理
被动语态的10种语态
用法：被动语态无完成进行时和将来进行时，只有下面10种时态。
(1)一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
(2)一般过去时：was/were+过去分词(3)一般将来时：shall/will+be+过去分词
(4)现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词
(5)过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词
(6)现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词
(7)过去完成时：had+been+过去分词
(8)将来完成时：shall/will+have been+过去分词
(9)过去将来时：should/would+be+过去分词
(10)过去将来完成时：should/would+have been+过去分词
提示：将谓语动词为完成进行时或将来进行时的句子变为被动句时，可用完成时态或一般时态。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。
用现在完成时替代现在完成进行时，不能用...has been being repaired...
This subject will be discussed by us tomorrow morning.明天早上这个题目将由我们讨论。
用一般将来时替代将来进行时，不能用...will be being discussed...
重点用法② 被动语态的句型
用法：1.肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by...)
The child is well loved by people.这个孩子很招人喜爱。
2.否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by...)
The battery wasn’t charged yesterday.电池昨天没有被充电。
3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)
Was the package posted?包裹被寄出去了吗?
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...)
Who was the flying disk invented by?飞碟是由谁发明的?
重点用法③ 主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤
用法：步骤1：把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。
步骤2：原主动句中的主语，如有必要，转换成宾格形式，放在介词by之后，如无必要，可省略。
步骤3：把动词的主动形式改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”。
步骤4：其他成分(定语、状语)不变，句子的时态不变。
The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. 主动句
定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
那个淘气的男孩昨天打碎了这扇窗户。
The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday. 被动句主语 谓语 by+施动者 状语
这扇窗户昨天被那个淘气的男孩打碎了。
提示：把主动语态改为被动语态时，be的人称和数要根据新主语的人称和数变化，但时态要和主动语态一
致。
重点用法⑤ 被动语态的注意事项
用法：1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
The toys are intended for children aged six and up.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。
2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时，不能用被动语态。
The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。
3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。
Does the pair of shoes suit you?那双鞋子你穿着合适吗?
4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时，不能用被动语态。
The jade weighs one ton.这块玉石重1吨。
提示：在以下句型中，用主动语态来表示被动含义：
(1)主语+be worth+doing sth.
The novel is well worth reading.这篇小说很值得一读。
(2)主语+have/get+sth./sb.+done
I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。
(3)主语+want/need/require+doing sth.
The room needs cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。
(4)主语+be+under/in+抽象名词
The car is in repair.那辆车正在修理。
二、题型分类精讲
题型一一般现在时
【典例1】
（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to
reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preservingbiological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future
generations”.
【典例2】
＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67 ． (mean)
we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 ． (construct) .＂
【题型训练】
1.English was invented by people, not computers, and it________ the creativity of the human race.
A．is reflected B．had reflected C．reflects D．was reflected
2.A total of 35 Chinese universities ________ among the world's 500 best in a ranking released by China's
Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Monday.
A．ranked B．rank C．ranks D．ranking
3.Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.
A．arrive B．arrives C．arrived D．will arrive
4. To see one thing ________ (be) better than to hear a hundred times.
5.—I feel excited to talk with our teacher about sports!
—So do I. Not only we students but also our teacher ________ fond of watching basketball matches.
A．is B．had been C．have been D．were
6. On the wall________a noticeboard that says, “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other when you are
lining up for the nucleic-acid test”.
A．hangs B．is hanged C．hanging D．is hung
7. There ________ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A．are B．is C．have D．has
题型二 一般过去时
【典例1】
（2022全国乙卷）
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
【典例2】
（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
【题型训练】
`1.As the finished product was not correctly priced, it ________ well.A．wasn’t sold B．didn’t sell C．wouldn’t be sold D．can’t sell
2.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ________(be) used regularly. Now we have
60 working all day long.
3. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
4. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and
visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
5. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__
(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
6. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
7. （ When/As ） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)
artist, they smiled and 66 ． (point) down the river.
8. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 ． (form) the core collection of the British
Museum 39 （ which/that ） opened in 1759.
9.We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
10. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their
furniture.
题型三 现在完成时
【典例1】
（2022全国甲卷）
In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
【典例2】
（2022年浙江卷1月）
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists
__________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【题型训练】
1.Since May, more than one death from monkey pox infection ______ in this area, causing great concern of the
local government.
A．has been reported B．have reported C．has reported D．have been reported2．The book________into thirty languages since it came out in 1973 and it is worth________again and again.
A．has been translated; reading B．had been translated; reading
C．has been translated: to be read D．had been translated; to be read
3. More than one robot ______ been tested out in the trial recently.
A．had B．have C．having D．has
4．So far, we ________(replace) the old machine with a computer.
5．The last thirty years ________(see) the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today
we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
6．Recent years________(witness) a great improvement in the relations between the two countries.
7. It’s the first time that I ________(take) a train to Paris.
8. The new type of robot came onto the market in 2006 and a great number of robots ________(sell) ever since.
9.The book ________(translate) into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
10. In the past year, he ________(share) a flat with others and trying to save money to open his own business.
题型四 被动语态
【典例1】
（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to
reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving
biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future
generations”.
【典例2】
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【题型训练】
1．—Can you get me the novels?
—Of course. All but one of them ______ in our company the other day.
A．published B．was published
C．were published D．had been published
2.Steam engines ________to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all
the smoke and noise.
A．are used B．used C．have been used D．were used
3.—I feel excited to talk with our teacher about sports!—So do I. Not only we students but also our teacher ________ fond of watching basketball matches.
A．is B．had been C．have been D．were
4.The CN Tower is short for the Canada’s National Tower, which _______ (locate) in the heart of Toronto.
5.This poem as well as the stories ________(intend)for new generation but they are not well received.
6. It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修
复）.
7. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
8. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
9. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars
10.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
