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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 14 讲 阅读理细节理解题（精讲）
题型目录一览
关键词定位法
同义替换
计算类
概括类
知识点梳理
细节理解题的解题捷径
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
(1)先读题干，抓住关键词。
(2)带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子。
(3)仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
细节理解题的正确选项特征
同义替换 ①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换，如把 lose one's job换成 be out of
work。
②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance。
③改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
题型一“关键词定位法”
直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的
方法，通过定位找题眼
【典例】
(2022·全国乙卷)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A．￡4.
B．￡8.
C．￡12.
D．￡16.
题型二同义转换
间接信息题为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加
以掩饰，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。常见的考查方式有以下3种形式
换词类 使用同义词或近义词(甚至反义词)对关键词进行同义转换，例如用ask对文中的
require进行同义转换，用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换等
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still
think about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office，he said，“That's
why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street－so I can focus.” His comment
struck me as strange.After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局)．
But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. 32.Why does the
interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate.
B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D．It encourages facetoface interactions.题型三计算类
此类试题要求对具体细节信息(尤其是时间、数量等数字信息)进行加工，但此类试题重点
不在于计算，而在于考查对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此试题涉及的计算相对简单
[典例]
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Essays(60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course：Essay 1
＝10%；Essay 2＝15%；Essay 3＝15%；Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments(30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/InClass Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short inclass
writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally，from time
to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home，both of which will be graded.
22．How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
题型四概括类
为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试
题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然
各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)
All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world
sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium，Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May
1，1989.
·Michigan Stadium，Ann Arbor，Michigan，U.S.Capacity：107，601.Opened：October 1，1927.
·Beaver Stadium，State College，Pennsylvania，U.S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September
17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium，Columbus，Ohio，U.S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7，1922.
·Kyle Field，College Station，Texas，U.S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums，which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
[答案] C
题型训练
1.(2022·福州高中毕业班质检)With the attractive scenery and the possibility of a sighting of a
monster(怪物)，Loch Ness is the one of those rare destinations that engages everyone.
Urquhart Castle
Captured by Edward Ⅰ in 1296，this prized castle changed hands between the Scots and the
English on several occasions.Though ruined today，it's still possible to climb the Grant Tower
and visit the battlements and prison cells.A café and the visitor centre offer modern facilities in
historic surroundings.
The Loch Ness Centre
For those who wish to digest the complete history of Loch Ness，this centre is particularly good
at documenting the history of this mysterious stretch of water，including many attempts to search
for Nessie，the infamous monster.It also holds curious artifacts(手工艺品)such as the diving suit
worn by Lloyd Scott when he undertook his underwater marathon.
The Clansman Centre
At the south end of Loch Ness，this attraction uncovers the truth surrounding 18thcentury family
life.Audience members get the opportunity to put on Highland dress and there's a demonstration of
how weapons were used.The presentations take place within the recreated interior of a Highland
house，adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)．
South Loch Ness Trail
This route invites hikers along the quieter south side of Loch Ness，passing through three
villages，and taking in the Falls of Foyers.Walkers hike a mix of minor roads and forest tracks，
with highlights including Suidhe Viewpoint(a mountainous view at 1，200 feet)．If it sounds too
easygoing，then consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail instead for a more challenging route.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个著名的旅游景点。1．Which place best suits visitors interested in Nessie?
A．Urquhart Castle.
B．The Loch Ness Centre.
C．The Clansman Centre.
D．South Loch Ness Trail.
2．What is special about the Clansman Centre?
A．It provides a genuine scene.
B．It displays fascinating scenery.
C．It exhibits entertaining artifacts.
D．It possesses modern conveniences.
3．Which of the following would a tourist choose if he wants to challenge himself?
A．Seeking the Falls of Foyers.
B．Walking along the quieter side.
C．Hiking the Loch Ness 360° Trail.
D．Searching a mix of minor roads and tracks.
2.The Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concerts
It's long been a tradition for the Vienna Philharmonic to send people all over the world a New
Year's greeting through music in the spirit of hope，friendship and peace.Tickets to the three
traditional concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic—the Preview Performance(December 30)，the
New Year's Eve Concert(December 31) ，and the New Year's Concert (January 1)—are in
extremely high demand every year.
Applications
Tickets to the three concerts are drawn lots(抽签)on the Vienna Philharmonic website.In this
way，music lovers from all over the world have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired
tickets.Between February lst and 28th ， applications will be accepted to take part in the
drawing.Requests submitted through the postal system，by email or by any other means will not
be considered.
Register a user account，log in(登录)and then in the“My Account”section enter the desired
tickets under the“New Year's Concerts Ticket Drawing”．In March，all participants will be
informed of the results of the drawing in the“My Account”area by email.
Tickets
The ticket prices range between 35 and 1，200 for the New Year's Concert，25 and 860 for the
New Year's Eve Concert，and 20 and 495 for the Preview Performance.You can make one
application for each of the three concerts.For the New Year's Concert you can apply for up to two
tickets.For the New Year's Eve Concert and the Preview Performance each you can apply for up to
four tickets.
Notices•The conductor and the programme are the same for all the three concerts.
•An application made on February 1st has the same chance as an application made on February
28th.
•Should you have further questions，please visit the Frequently Asked Questions about New
Year's Concerts.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的相关信息。
4．What might a fan of the Vienna Philharmonic do on the last day of the year?
A．Pay for the concert tickets.
B．Enjoy the New Year's Eve Concert.
C．Apply for a ticket on the website.
D．Appreciate the New Year's Concert.
5．How can you get tickets for the concerts?
A．By drawing lots online.
B．By placing an order.
C．By visiting the Help Centre.
D．By applying on the spot.
6．How many tickets can you apply for once at most?
A．Four. B．Six.
C．Eight. D．Ten.
3.Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very
heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall
is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock,
folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshall cardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order
for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the
stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should
start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This
special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyoneelse have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a
packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the
rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows
for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's
touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to pay a
visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David's Hall.
22.What can people do at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Enjoy comedies.
C.See family shows.
D.Do creative things.
23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
4. Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best
loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the
world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general
public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn's English
Raeburn Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., Thursday 30 Oct.,15.00
13.10
DUNCAN
JUDY EGERTON
THOMSON
Characters and Raeburn and
Characterisation in Artist's Training in
Raeburn's Portraits the
Thursday 6 Nov., 18th Century
13.10 Thursday 13 Nov.,
NICHOLAS 13.10
PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up
to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
5.(2022·全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff
and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-
room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for
them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string
was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected
Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor
and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they
realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare
baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings,
Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the
cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, whichof course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the
building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding
snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the
people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse,
looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all
around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes,
mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
6.(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023届高三第二次联考) “Why do you have 9,632 emails in
your inbox (收件箱)?”
I looked at my husband,“Um...is that a lot? How many are in your inbox?”
“About twenty,” he replied. I looked at my inbox. There were emails I had meant to deal
with; emails from customers and the kids’ schools with information I needed; there were time-
sensitive offers I’d never got around to investigating; endless updates from the social media
platforms I subscribed to, and the rest I had kept just in case.
I realized that I had become an email hoarder (囤积者). I clearly had a problem and I needed
to act. I paused my work and began to delete unwanted emails. An hour later I made little
progress.
“Just delete the whole lot,” my husband strongly suggested.
Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I
decided to compromise. I kept the last month’s emails and deleted everything else. I looked at my
almost empty inbox. Wow, it felt so good.
To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real
problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are “offers”. What if that
amazing offer never comes up again? But the fact is that they do...frequently. What’s more,these
great offers are often time-sensitive and so we hang on to them “just in case”, then miss the
deadline anyway and still don’t delete them.
I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school
emails go into a separate inbox, so I can see at a glance when “Dress like a Roman” day or “Bring
an onion to school” day (yes really) is coming up! I feel more in control and organized now. I’m
on top of my inbox. Now I’m off to handle the cupboard under the stairs!
1. What was the author’s immediate reaction to her husband’s suggestion??
A. She approved of it. B. She felt annoyed at it.C. She hesitated about it. D. She was astonished at it.
2. What led to the author’s anxiety about deleting emails?
A. The deadline that she forgot to meet.
B. The fact that she liked keeping emails.
C. The offer that she might never give.
D. The fear that she would miss out something.
3. What does the author do with her inbox at last?
A. Adopt an email system to classify all emails.
B. Separate unwanted emails into a new inbox.
C. Reply to school emails as soon as possible.
D. Set a restriction to the number of emails.
7.(2023届北京十一学校高三学部教与学质量诊断) Tara posted the picture of her daughter and
Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact
information. It turned out that Mr. Dan’s wife died in March and he had been suffering from
depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they
had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and
ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike any other. “She has
shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didn’t know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.
4.How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?
A. From a news reporter. B. From a stranger.
C. From a shop assistant. D. From his neighbor.
8.(江苏省如皋市2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期教学质量调研) This involved diverting
(改道) the Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In
the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte
argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the
dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted.
5.What was painted in the “Mona Lisa” according to Mr Cotte?
A. A part of da Vinci’s hometown as it was. B. An overhanging precipice and a fortress.
C. A pointed rock and a castellated tower. D. The dried-up bed of a river.
9. (2023届江苏省盐城市、南京市高三年级第一次模拟考试) After monitoring the rats’ brain
activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in
a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the
rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the
hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to
synchronize (同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are
generally known as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain'sability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s Ѳ
waves became stronger.
6. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?
A. VR’s contributions to learning have finally been identified.
B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.
C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.
D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.
7. What can we learn about Ѳ waves?
A. They don’t respond to different brain rhythms.
B. They remain stable in different environments.
C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.
D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.
10.(山东省潍坊市2023届高三学科核心素养测评) Almost a decade ago, we wrote, “Without
applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the
dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science
than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.” Since then, the
footprint of subscription-based news content has slowly decreased. Meanwhile, various
information, either true or false, increasingly dominates social media. Partly as a result, extreme
public views on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow separate.
8. What is the function of applied research on how to communicate science online?
A. To diversify the ways of communicating science.
B. To help the public correctly understand science.
C. To promote the development of social media.
D. To control online communication systems.
