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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通
用）
第 01 讲 名词（精讲）
题型目录一览
名词的数
名词的所有格
名词普通格作定语
一、知识点梳理
一．名词的数
1.有些名词，不按一般规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况
1)单复数形式相同
Chinese→ Chinese; Japanese→ Japanese; deer→ deer; sheep→ sheep
2)有些词虽然是以s结尾，但单复数形式相同
means; crossroads; works; remains
3)通过改变名词中的元音字母来变为复数形式
man→ men; woman →women; Englishman →Englishmen;
Englishwoman→ Englishwomen; goose →geese; foot→ feet; tooth →teeth
4)特殊形式
child →children; ox →oxen; mouse →mice
注：以+man或woman构成的名词，是将man中的a改为e，构成其复数形式，如：policeman
→policemen; policewoman → policewomen；但German一词不是由Ger+man构成的名词，它是一个原
形词，其复数形式为Germans，是在词尾加s构成。
2.复合名词的复数形式有如下的情况
1)将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式
looker-on →lookers-on( 旁观者)；editor-in-chief →editors-in-chief(总编辑);daughter-in-law→
daughters-in-law; half-brother→ half-brothers
2)如果没有主体名词，就在最后一个词的词尾加s
grown-up →grown-ups（成年人）；draw-back→draw-backs（缺陷）;go-between→ go-betweens
（中间人）
3.名词单复数的形式比较复杂，除上述规则外，宜注意掌握好以下的情况
1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族
3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this
morning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers
5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单
数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
green(绿色)→greens(青菜) cloth(布) →clothes(衣服)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
paper(纸)→ papers(考卷,文件) sand(沙子) →sands(沙滩)
water(水)→ waters(水域) wood(木柴) →woods(树林)
7)用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示其全家人，或是其夫妇二人。姓氏复数前不加冠词，则表
示若干个姓……的人
The wangs are our good neighbors.王家是我们的好邻居
There are three Smiths in our group.我们小组有三个姓smith的。
8)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有
科学名词：physics; mathematics; politics 游戏名词:bowls(滚木球戏)
专有名词：the United States; Niagara Falls 其它名词：news; falls.
9)其它注意点
①某些其它的名词也用复数形式
goods（货物）; greens（青菜）; thanks（谢谢）; riches财富; wages工资; earnings收入; saving
存款; doings所作所为; winnings赢得物
②有些名词形似单数，但实为复数，如：police; cattle.不说：a police; a cattle 但可以说：a
policeman
或a policewoman; a head of cattle
③英文钱币中便士penny有两个复数形式，其中pence是与数字连用时表示一定数量的钱，而
pennies是指一个个的硬币，如Please give me five pennies.应译为请给我五个一便士的硬币
④大写字母及由大写字母构成的缩写形式的复数应在其后加s，如two Fs(两个F字母)⑤A、I这两个大写字母的复数形式为了与As、 Is有所区别，所以应加’s
如：two A’s两个字母A
⑥小写字母及数字的复数形式应加’s。如：three 6’s(三个数字6)
⑦代替单词的字母重复后成为复数形式。如：pp.9-12(9至12页)
二、名词的所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用，其构成和用法如下
1.名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词， 如果该名词为单数，在词尾上加上“’s”，即构成其
所有格。“’s”含有“的”字之意。如：Tom’s bike。以“s”结尾的专有名词，在词尾可加“’s”“或
“’”，构成其所有格。如：Engles’s (Engles’) works
2.以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’ ”构成其所有格，如：a works’ school建筑工程学校
3.不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’s ”构成其所有格， 如：Women’s Day
4.复合名词在末一个词的词尾上加“’s”构成其所有格，如：the editor-in-chief’s office总编辑室
5.如果一个事物为两个人所有，在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”如果不是共有，在两个名词的词尾
都要加“’s”，如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和麦克的房间（共有）；Tom’s and Mike’s books汤姆的
书和麦克的书（不共有）。
6.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去 shop；house或home等词，如：the tailor’s
成衣店；the barber’s理发店；at my aunt’s在我姑姑家。
7.表示无生命的名词，一般用of短语来表示所有关系，该短语位于其修饰的名词之后，如：the
teachers of our school.但表示时间﹑距离﹑国家﹑城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”
表示所有格，如：today’s papers, ten minutes’ walk。
拟人代名词的所有格用“’s”。如：Nature’s works（大自然的杰作）
Heaven’s will（天意） Fortune’s favorite（幸运的宠儿）
8. 表示有生命的名词也可以用of短语表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时，就只能
用of短语来表示所有关系，如：the teacher of the boys who are playing football on the playground.
9.of短语+所有格的用法：在表示所属物的名词前如有不定冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，
常用of短语+所有格这一结构表示所属关系，如：an old friend of my uncle’s
注：在无上下文的单句中，用双重所有格（of短语加所有格）或用of短语表示 所有关系都可以，
只是侧重点不同
如：He is an old friend of my uncle着重说明的是“我叔叔的”老朋友，不是别人的。
He is an old friend of my uncle’s着重说明的是我叔叔有好几位老朋友，他只是其中的一位。
要注意的是双重所有格应是独立的，即其后不再接名词， 如果接名词则显得十分不自然
如：One of my friends’ house was burned down last night.(显得不自然)
The house of one of my friends was burned down last night.(显得自然通顺)
10.其他情况：
在某些固定词组或习惯用法中的所有格不可随意推断其意思
at arm’s length保持一定距离 at his finger’s ends对某事熟知
within a stone’s throw离得很近 out of harm’s way安全的地方三.名词普通格作定语
1.表材料的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的
如：stone figures（石像）/castor oil(蓖麻油)/silk books（丝绸书）/paper money（纸币）
/metal pots（金属锅）/plastic sheets（塑料布）/diamond necklace（钻石项链）/gold medals（金
牌）
2.表地点的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地方
如：country music（乡村音乐）/forest land（森林土层）/post office（邮政局）/nature park（天然
公园）/palace ball（宫庭舞会）/space satellites（太空卫星）/table cloth（桌布）/street lights（街
灯）/city life（城市生活）/school education（学校教育）/government office（政府机关）
3.如果两名词构成部分与整体关系,则表整体的名词可以作定语(常指物)
如:river banks(河岸)/cabbage seed(卷心菜种子)/animal bones(动物骨头)/cigarette ends(烟头)/ocean
floor(洋底)/school gate(校门口)/overcoat pockets(大衣口袋)/table legs(桌脚)/tree branches(树枝)
当我们谈到某特定的东西时,可用of结构来表达.如：the windows of the classroom
4.表示用途性质的名词作定语
如：coffee cups（咖啡杯）/book stores（书店）/sports shoes（运动鞋）/food factory（食品工
厂）/women police officers（女警官）/boy friends（男朋友）/design office（设计工作室）/fruit trees
（水果树）/traffic lights（交通灯）/bell rope（铃绳）
5.说明有关后一名词内容的前一名词可作定语
如：forest programs （森林规划）/weight problems（体重问题）/science lab（科学实验
室）/computer studies（电脑学习）/weather report（天气报）/film industry（电影工业）/wildlife project
（野生动物工程）/China Daily（中国日报）/body language（体语言）
6.表示泛指的时间名词作定语
如：summer holidays（暑假）/winter weather（冬天的天气）/time zone（时区）/evening dress（晚
礼服）/morning paper（晨报）/Sunday edition（星期日面）/rooster year stamp（鸡年邮票）/night
school（夜校）
但表示具体的时间名词作定语，则要用所有格结构来表达
如：yesterday’s news（昨天的消息）/an hour’s drive（开车一小时的路程）
注：名词作修饰语，一般用单数形式,如：a coffee cup→two coffee cups. 但如果作定语的是man
和 woman 则中心名词变复数时两词要随着变为复数形式，如：a woman teacher → two women
teachers; a man driver→ many men drivers；在个别情况下，只用复数作定语，如：sports meet
（运动会）/the United States government（美国政府）/students reading-room（学生阅览室）/goods
train（货车）
二、题型分类精讲
题型一名词变复数【典例1】
1.（2022 新高考 I 卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
_____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of
population in the wild.
【典例2】
（2021新高考1卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you
how tiny we _____________ (human) are.
【题型训练】
1．Have they made up their ________ (mind) what to do yet? （所给词的适当形式填空）
2．You should take effective ________ (measure) to improve your working conditions. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
3．They discovered that the upper and lower front _______ (tooth) of ancient human adults were
aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．In humans, _______ (baby) can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of
age, but it will be another year before they are able to do _______ same with less symmetrical (对
称的) shapes. (用适当的词填空)
5．The snow was marked only by small animals: _______ (fox), coyotes, mice, and varying
hares, which turned white in the winter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．“Therefore, daily ________ (supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going
out.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．This trend has had some unintended side _________ (effect) such as overweight and heart
disease…(所给词的适当形式填空)
8．He agreed to lend me some money yesterday,but now he has second ________ (thought).
（所给词的适当形式填空）
9．Now, lots of ________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to
stop people using them. (所给词的适当形式填空）
10 ． Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making
Chinese________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. (所给词的适当形式填空）
题型二 名词所有格
【典例1】
2.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _____________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know
how to thank him.”
【典例2】
You may be out of your ____________ (parent) sight but never out of their mind wherever you
are.
【题型训练】
1.Sometimes in my life, I felt my growth looked like my ______ (grandma) flowers, which wereloved and cared for.
2.You don't have to live in China long to know the ______ (country) most popular foods with
stories behind them.
3．It is believed that _______ (today) children and teenagers are consuming three times the
recommended level of sugar, putting them at _______higher risk of the disease. (用适当的词填
空)
4．It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．She had views quite different from her ________ (father). （所给词的适当形式填空）
6．She was at her ________ (dentist) for two hours yesterday. （所给词的适当形式填空）
7．The tourist center is far away from here indeed.It’s two ________(hour) walk. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
8．The ________ (girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before
they got into ________ (Tom) car. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．A _________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or
her education first. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．We have two ________ (week) vacation for Christmas. （所给词的适当形式填空）
题型三 名词词性转换
【典例1】
（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and
the largest tea-producing country, China has a _____________ (responsible)to work with other
countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
【典例2】
（2022 全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote
environmental _____________ (protect).
【题型训练】
1. If you want to be a member of our club, please fill in an ______ (apply) form first.
2. The International Labour Organization helps to improve working conditions and create
__________ (employ) opportunities.
3. Some teenagers never take entrance exams seriously; they simply leave what, to a large extent,
could be life's most important event—______ (admit) to universities almost entirely up to luck.
4.A team of over 30 Chinese surveyors (勘探员) have accomplished a task to remeasure the
________ (high) of the world's highest mountain.
5. I don't want to give the ______ (impress) that I'm running away from the responsibilities.
6.He had a physical ______ (strong) that matched his outward appearance.
7.Your ______ (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how
you learn.8.Faced with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
9．Taking all these factors into ______ (consider), I suggest that you continue with your
education.
10.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting _______________(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
