文档内容
【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 11 讲 特殊句式（精讲）
题型目录一览
倒装句
强调句
省略句
感叹句
祈使句
一、知识点梳理
倒装、强调、省略、感叹及祈使句
重点考察知识点一倒装句
1. 完全倒装
(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代
替。
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
(2) Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.
Be quick！Here comes the bus.
(3) Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children. Away flew the birds.
比较： Away they hurried.
(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang two large portraits.
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.
(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
(6) Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
Such is Yiyangqianxi, a young handsome singer popular with Chinese teenagers.2.部分倒装
(1) 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句
的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的
情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。
Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。
－So they do. 她们的确如此。
I don’t know it, nor do I care about it.
Tom doesn’t like bananas, neither/nor do I.
注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it
is the same with. . . ”
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
(2) 表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有 not，never，
hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by
no means，in no way，on no condition, no sooner...than，hardly...when等。
By no means shall we give up.
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never before _________ I seen such a moving film.
Not only _________ he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.
答案 have did
(3) only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。
Only after my friend came _______ the computer repaired.
was
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
比较：Only he knows the secret.
(4) as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要用部分倒装。
Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.
Child as he is，he knows a lot.
(5) 在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
(6) 在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.= No sooner had he arrived than it began to
snow.
(7) 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。Were I in your position, I would not go.
Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim.
(8) however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
However hard he worked，he couldn't solve the problem.= No matter how hard he
worked,......
重点考察知识点二 强调
1. 强调句的基本句型
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分
(1) 强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主
语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)
It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调状语)
(2) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
(3) 它的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词。
Who was it that broke the window?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
What is it that you want me to do?
(4) not...until...的强调句形式：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.
→ It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句
型的特有结构It is/was...that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调
句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。
比较： (1) It was he who did all the cleaning.可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，
故该句为强调句型。
（2）It is a pity that he has failed again. （ 主语从句 ）
（3）It is a question that needs careful consideration. ( 定语从句 )
（4）It was at six o’clock that I got up today. ( 强调句型 )
（5）It was six o’clock when I got up today. ( 状语从句 )
2. 用助动词强调谓语。
如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do，does或did。
Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countries.
He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.
重点考察知识点三 省略句
1. 状语从句的省略:
(1) 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句
的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。
① 时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.
② 地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.
③ 条件状语从句：She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited.
④ 方式状语从句：I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to.
⑤ 比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.
⑥ 让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.
(2) 状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去
分词则表示为动宾关系。
Be careful when (you are)crossing the street.
Once (he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again.
2. 答语中的省略:
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或
否定，宾语从句可省去。
－Do you think it will rain?
－I hope not (that it will not rain)．
－Do you believe our team will win?
－I guess so.
3. 不定式中“to”的省略:
(1) 感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to 等)和使役动词(let，
make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
I heard someone sing in the next room.
The thief was noticed ____to slip_______( slip) into the room.
(2) 动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。
He will help me (to) work out the problem.
He did nothing but wait all the time.
若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。
He has no choice but _____to wait_________( wait).
(3) 不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从句，不定代词all作主语被定语从句修饰
或后有定语从句修饰的“the...thing”作主语时，如果其前出现过do的各种形式，不定式中“to”可以省去。
What he can do is (to) wait.
The only thing he could do was (to) wait.
All that he can do is (to) wait.
(4) 固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。
can't(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；
I would prefer to swim rather than play football.
4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略
(1) 在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。
If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
If I were you，I would not do it like that.
→Were I you，I would not do it like that.
(2) 主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略should。
The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased.
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，
command，recommend, urge...
It is desired that we (should)arrive there before dark.
It is necessary that he (should)know it.
My suggestion is that we (should)visit the exhibition at once.
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1) 在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主
语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。
If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram home.
Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to my help.
While (you are) cycling，don't forget the traffic lights.
He closed his eyes as if（he was）lost in thought.
(2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What about having a game of chess?
How come they left you alone here?
What if it's raining?
Why not try again?
(3) 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid / glad, expect, forget, hope, intend,
like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
He may leave if he wishes to.
Don't go till I tell you to.
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
6. 宾语从句中的省略
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语
从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
7. 定语从句中的省略
He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.
重点考察知识点四 感叹句
感叹句常用的七大句型：
(1) How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
__How_____ high the mountain is! How fast he is running!
(2) How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
___How_______ difficult a problem it is!
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! ____How_____ I miss you!
(4) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
____What______ a clever boy he is! What a fine day it is!
(5) What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__What_______ sweet water it is!
____What______ terrible weather it is!
(6) What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
_____What_____ beautiful flowers these are!
(7) What＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What news it is!
重点考察知识点五 祈使句
1. 否定式 Don’t be so sure. Don’t get close to the tiger.
2. 强调式 Do come on time this evening. Never come late!
3. 带有主语的祈使句
Tom, you water the flowers! You, girls, clean the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor.
4. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 Work hard and you will succeed.
Work hard or you will fail.5. 名词短语+and/or+陈述句 More time and I will do it better.
题型一倒装句
【典例1】
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There ________ (be) three books I reread annually.
【典例2】
Hardly ________ he arrived home when the phone rang.
【题型训练】
1．（2023·天津·统考模拟预测）________ Tom finished his speech when the audience started
applauding.
A．No sooner had B．Had no sooner C．Hardly had D．Had scarcely
2．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to
Madagascar for further research.
A．So anxious were the couple B．So curious were the couple
C．Such eager the couple were D．The couple were such curious
3．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）________ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A．If were I B．I were C．Were I D．Was I
4．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Breakthrough ________ Xenobots are, concerns have been
raised. （用适当的词填空）
5．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）_____ no account should you tell him. (用适当的词填空)
6．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）Rarely ______ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement
in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s
and 60s. (用适当的词填空)
7．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Fast ________ you read, you can’t finish the book in three
days. （用适当的词填空）
8．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）The minister stressed that under no circumstances ____ (be)
the disabled to be looked down upon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）South of the river _____ (lie) a small factory. (所给词的适当
形式填空)
10．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Such a good boy _________ that we all like him.
汤姆是那么好的男孩我们都喜欢他。
题型二 强调句
【典例1】
（2023·全国·高三专题练习）It’s in the Summer Olympics _________ you have the running
races, together with swimming, sailing, etc.（用适当的词填空）
【典例2】
(2019·北京高考)Not only ________ you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll
also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.【题型训练】
1．（2023·天津·模拟预测）It was in this old school ________ the government built in 1968
________ he received good education.
A．where; when B．which; that C．that; which D．where; which
2．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）—Is that the project you often refer to?
—Right，it is three years it has lasted.
A．that B．since C．before D．when
3．（2023·全国·高三校考专题练习） It's not the lack of interest or of masterpieces
__________ bother the students. (用适当的词填空)
4．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）However, an awful accident ________happen yesterday. （用
适当的词填空）
5．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned
she couldn’t eat meat. （用适当的词填空）
6．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）I ____ go to the station to meet her but I didn’t see her. (用适
当的词填空)
7．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）It was in the street ____I met an old classmate of mine the
other day. (用适当的词填空)
8．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）As in the early history of the United States, it was the English
_______ set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空)
9．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is ______you admire
in this person. (用适当的词填空)
10．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____ is to
blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays. (用适当的词填空)
题型三 省略句
【典例1】
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its
citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the
bank's Juergen Voegele.
【典例2】
If everything goes well ________ planned, the probe will reach a speed of 692,018 kilometers per
hour as it orbits the sun.
【题型训练】
1．（2023·天津·校联考二模）Though________in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always
preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A．being raised B．raising C．raised D．having raised
2．（2023秋·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末）Many left-behind children, when
______ formal education, will probably show their talent in many aspects.A．receive B．received C．to receive D．receiving
3．（2023·上海·高三专题练习）Although___________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he
never wanted to give up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Anyone, once _____ (test) positive for Ebola, the deadly
disease, will receive free medical treatment from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Don’t enter the office unless _____ (tell) to. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
6．（2023秋·全国·高三专题练习）Though not ________(know) to use tools in the wild, the
birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．（2023秋·全国·高三专题练习）This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an
allocentric frame of reference when ________(move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old
babies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Music and art, when ________ (use) in hospitals, help to
improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
9．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）While ________ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the
sweet songs of bird. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）Do not leave the building until __________(instruct) to do so.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
题型四 祈使句
【典例1】
(2018·北京高考)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ (press) the button and a highlytrained
agent will get you the help you need.
【典例2】
(2018·天津高考)—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—You bet. Just let me know when, ________ I'll be there.
题型五 感叹句
【典例1】
(2021·北京市海淀区高三第一学期模拟)________ glad I was that he was sitting next to me.
