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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 22 讲 完形填空说明文（15 空）（精讲精练）
题型目录一览
根据首句
根据说明顺序
一、知识点梳理
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因
此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。
解题技巧
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。
说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表
达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头
和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，
不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，
从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根
据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，
造成误选。
（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正
确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
题型一根据首句
【典例】
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is
confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】you're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）.
28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate
【解析】：下文的“jet lag(时差反应）”说明，在旅行时要适应时差。
29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
【解析】：上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差；suffer from“受折
磨”。
题型二根据说明顺序
【典例】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is
1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone
could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can
live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear
out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .
1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
【解析】：此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。
2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
【解析】：根据上下文可知，此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的
时间了——如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话，extremely“极度，极其”。
3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
【解析】：这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止
况地，无限地”。
4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
【解析】：get old的最终结果就是死亡，因此用eventually表示“最终”。
【题型训练】
（2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模）Young boys often dream of superpowers to solve
their problems. It was 1933, while the country was still 1 the Great Depression, Jerry
Siegel and Joe Shuster put their 2 down on paper. In the process, they created the
world’s most popular superhero, Superman.
Joe was the artist and sketched all the time, 3 out at newsstands absorbed in
magazines, especially “Amazing Stories,” and then 4 to recreate them at home. Jerry
was the storyteller. The idea of Superman 5 upon him in the middle of a sleepless
summer night. When the Superman’s origin story started 6 , he dashed over to Joe’s
place and showed it to him. Then they just sat down, and worked straight out.
As is often the case, when we experience something 7 in life, we deal with the
feeling through 8 expression. Jerry’s father had died during a robbery. A young child
might 9 that experience by wishing something could have 10 it. For Jerry,
out came the Man of Steel, who was 11 to bullets and protecting innocent people was
his 12 .
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】The story of Superman has inspired kids for generations. It has 13 their fears and
driven their dreams. Most 14 , the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our
superpower and use them to help others. Therefore, the next time you are inspired to 15
a friend from being bullied, or help the widow next door with your superpower smile, thank Joe
and Jerry, two awkward high school kids who dreamt up Superman—making the world a little
more safe and fair.
1．A．evaluating B．undergoing C．controlling D．overcoming
2．A．concepts B．principles C．ideas D．disputes
3．A．hanging B．working C．running D．figuring
4．A．get out B．stand out C．set out D．put out
5．A．struck B．dawned C．fell D．occurred
6．A．taking action B．taking effect C．taking shape D．taking aim
7．A．tiresome B．tragic C．memorable D．grateful
8．A．creative B．personal C．academic D．skillful
9．A．remember B．commend C．judge D．process
10．A．defeated B．predicted C．prevented D．supported
11．A．subject B．resistant C．sensitive D．accustomed
12．A．responsibility B．belief C．command D．contribution
13．A．shared B．confirmed C．boosted D．calmed
14．A．unexpectedly B．importantly C．fortunately D．obviously
15．A．ban B．help C．save D．facilitate
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．
C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jerry Siegel和Joe Shuster创造出了超人的原因
以及意义。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是1933年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，杰里·西格尔和
乔·舒斯特把他们的想法写在了纸上。A. evaluating评估；B. undergoing经历；C. controlling
控制；D. overcoming克服。由下文“the Great Depression,”可知，1933年，当时国家还在经
历大萧条，故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是1933年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，杰里·西格尔和
乔·舒斯特把他们的想法写在了纸上。A. concepts概念；B. principles原则；C. ideas主意；
D. disputes 争论。由下文“In the process, they created the world’s most popular superhero,
Superman.(在这个过程中，他们创造了世界上最受欢迎的超级英雄——超人。)”可知，杰
里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特创造了超人，所以说他们很有想法，由此可知，此处指将想法写在
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】纸上，故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在报摊上看杂志，尤
其是《神奇的故事》 ，然后开始在家里重新创作。A. hanging悬挂；B. working工作；C.
running经营；D. figuring认为。由下文“out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially
“Amazing Stories,”可知，hang out固定搭配，意为“消磨时光；闲逛”，此处指乔在报摊上
看杂志来消磨时光，故选A。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在报摊上看杂志，
尤其是《神奇的故事》 ，然后开始在家里重新创作。A. get out出去；B. stand out突出；
C. set out出发；D. put out熄灭。由下文“to recreate them at home.”可知，乔在报摊上看完
杂志后，开始重新在家里创作，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在一个无眠的夏夜，他突然想到了超人。A. struck击打；
B. dawned变得明朗；开始清楚；C. fell落下；D. occurred发生。由下文“upon him in the
middle of a sleepless summer night.”可知，他突然想到了超人，dawn upon sb.固定搭配，意
为“突然想到了”故选B。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当超人的起源故事开始形成，他冲到乔的地方，并显示
给他。A. taking action采取行动；B. taking effect生效；C. taking shape形成；D. taking aim
瞄准。由下文“he dashed over to Joe’s place and showed it to him.”可知，在超人的起源故事
开始形成后，他展示给乔，故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造
性的表达来处理这种感觉。A. tiresome令人厌烦的；B. tragic悲惨的；C. memorable难忘的；
D. grateful感恩的。由第一段提到的当时国家经历大萧条可知，此处指生活是悲惨的，故选
B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造
性的表达来处理这种感情。A. creative有创造力的；B. personal个人的；C. academic学术的；
D. skillful 熟练的。根据第一段中“In the process, they created the world’s most popular
superhero, Superman.”可知，Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster 创造了超人，由此可知，此处指通
过创造性的表达来处理悲痛的感情，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以此
来消化自己这种（悲痛）经历。A. remember记住；B. commend赞扬；C. judge评判；D.
process加工；处理。由上文“Jerry’s father had died during a robbery.”和“we deal with the
feeling”指出Jerry的父亲在一次抢劫中丧生，所以作为孩子，Jerry通过设计超级英雄的人
物来阻止这类事情发生，这是他处理自己这种悲痛经历的方法，此处process和deal with同
义，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以
此来消化自己这种（悲痛）经历。A. defeated打败；B. predicted预测；C. prevented预防；
D supported支持。由上文“by wishing something could have”可知，Jerry设计超级英雄是希
望可以阻止一些悲惨事情的发生，故选C。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无
辜的人是他的责任。A. subject 隶属的；B. resistant 抵制的；C. sensitive 敏感的；D.
accustomed习惯的。由下文“bullets and protecting innocent people”和常识可知，钢铁侠能
抵御子弹，故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无辜
的人是他的责任。A. responsibility 责任；B. belief 不信任；C. command 命令；D.
contribution贡献。由上文“protecting innocent people was his”可知，保护无辜的人是钢铁侠
的责任。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它平息了他们的恐惧，激励了他们的梦想。A. shared分享
B. confirmed确认；C. boosted增加；D. calmed使平静下来；平息。由上文“The story of
Superman has inspired kids for generations.”和下文“their fears”可知，超人能平息孩子的恐惧，
故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 最重要的是，钢铁侠激励了我们所有人去发现我们的超能
力并用它们来帮助他人。A. unexpectedly无法预料地；B. importantly重要地；C. fortunately
幸运的是；D. obviously 显然地。由下文“the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our
superpower and use them to help others.”可知，上文提到了超人能平息孩子的恐惧，此处是
更进一步说钢铁侠的作用，所以应用更重要的是，为more importantly，故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，下一次当你受到鼓舞，想要拯救朋友免受欺凌，或
者想要用你超能力的微笑帮助隔壁的寡妇时，要感谢乔和杰瑞，他们是两个笨拙的高中生
他们想出了超人——让世界变得更安全和公平一点。A. ban禁止；B. help帮助；C. save节
省；D. facilitate促进。由下文“a friend from being bullied”可知，此处指拯救朋友免受欺凌，
故选C。
（2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测）More than anything, this is a book
about unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 16 through the narration (叙
述) of Harley, shows why the power of love can overcome the 17 that is part of every
life journey.
Harley takes us along on all his 18 with his owner Jaeger — from growing up, being
trained, to going to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately,
there’s enough time to explore 19 . “Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense, which
20 them when something’s not right. Looking back, I’m glad she paid attention to her 21
warning.”
Through surgery, this smart dog 22 . It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and
fears. But chances of 23 look promising. After this experience, Harley 24
realizes that when someone has cancer, the entire family will 25 . However, all the
people playing a part in the process form an unbreakable connection.
Harley’s 26 with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】their children. But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to
27 this book. Besides, it helps greatly that the book has a 28 ending.
As Jaeger notes, “The book spreads love to us. This small element can be 29 in
the human and animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That 30 couldn’t be any clearer
than in this wonderful book.
16．A．explained B．presented C．designed D．included
17．A．misfortune B．unease C．inconvenience D．discomfort
18．A．packages B．dreams C．burdens D．adventures
19．A．mysteries B．problems C．cures D．challenges
20．A．forbids B．hits C．informs D．warns
21．A．active B．inner C．useful D．sudden
22．A．pushes throughB．bends down C．cheers up D．gets off
23．A．success B．recovery C．victory D．survival
24．A．innocently B．automatically C．gradually D．accidentally
25．A．suffer B．behave C．perform D．delay
26．A．competing B．battling C．continuing D．mixing
27．A．possess B．close C．share D．print
28．A．sad B．happy C．ridiculous D．unusual
29．A．decisive B．logical C．attractive D．influential
30．A．meaning B．principle C．message D．expression
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．
C 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写的《哈利的丑
角之心》这本书的书评。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写，
通过哈利的叙述呈现，展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。A.
explained解释；B. presented呈现；C. designed设计；D. included包括。根据“shows why
the power of love can overcome the 2 that is part of every life journey.”可知，空处表
示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misfortune不幸；B. unease不安；C. inconvenience
不便；D. discomfort不适。根据“Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”可知，
Harley的生命旅程中遭遇了不幸。故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——
从成长，接受训练，到参加狗展。A. packages包裹；B. dreams梦想；C. burdens负担；D.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】adventures冒险。根据“from growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows.”可知，此处表
示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。故选D。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A.
mysteries神秘的事物；B. problems问题；C. cures治疗；D. challenges挑战。根据“Harley
is diagnosed with bone cancer.”和“Fortunately”可知，有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选
C。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶格告诉我，每个人都有第六感，当事情不对劲时，它会
发出警告。A. forbids禁止；B. hits打击；C. informs通知；D. warns警告。根据“I’m glad
she paid attention to her 6 warning.”可知，第六感会发出警告。故选D。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active
积极的；B. inner内心的；C. useful有用的；D. sudden突然的。根据“everyone has a sixth
sense, which 5 them when something’s not right.”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选
B。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过手术，这只聪明的狗狗成功了。A. pushes through排除
困难办好某事；B. bends down 弯腰；C. cheers up 使高兴起来；D. gets off 下车。根据
“Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore 4 .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功度过了难
关。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。A. success 成功；B.
recovery 恢复；C. victory 胜利；D. survival 生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us
about his pain and fears.”和“but”可知，上下文形成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他
告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会看起来很有希望”。故选B。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到，当一个人得了癌症，整
个家庭都会受到影响。A. innocently天真地；B. automatically自动地；C. gradually逐渐地；
D. accidentally偶然地。根据“After this experience”可知，经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到
当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer遭受；B. behave表现；C. perform表演；D.
delay推迟。根据“when someone has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受
影响。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注，他们会考虑
和孩子一起读这本书。A. competing竞争；B. battling斗争；C. continuing继续；D. mixing
融合。根据“Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”可知，此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但耶格提供了如此积极的视角，这本书更值得分享。A.
possess拥有；B. close关闭；C. share分享；D. print打印。根据“But Jaeger provides such a
positive perspective”可知，此处评价这本书值得分享。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。A. sad难
过的；B. happy 高兴的；C. ridiculous 荒唐的；D. unusual 不同寻常的。根据“Through
surgery, this smart dog 7 ”可知，狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如耶格所指出的，“这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小
小的元素可以影响人类和动物世界。”A. decisive决定性的；B. logical符合逻辑的；C.
attractive吸引人的；D. influential有影响的。根据“Love can defeat all.”可知，爱这个元素
可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这本精彩的书中，这个信息再清楚不过了。A. meaning
意义；B. principle原则；C. message信息；D. expression表达。根据“Love can defeat all.”
可知，这本书传达爱能够战胜一切这个信息。故选C。
（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It
raises 31 about their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 32 by AI technology that allows you
to have human-like 33 and much more. The language model can answer questions and
34 you with tasks, such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 35 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it
became the fastest-growing app of all time, 36 100 million users in only two months. The
fact that it can also 37 essays, articles, and poetry has only 38 its appeal. It is also
equally 39 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 40
code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new and 41 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 42 . Such restrictions include
the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 43 way, as it requires rewording to
understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 44 it
delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not
have any 45 of events or news that have occurred since then. Lastly, ChatGPT does not
provide sources for its responses.
31．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts
32．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained
33．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations
34．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany
35．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose
36．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting
37．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate
38．A．added to B．connected to C．devoted to D．owed to
39．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed
40．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe
41．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced
42．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages
43．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】44．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity
45．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness
【答案】
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．D 38．A 39．
C 40．B 41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们
开展对话，协助我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和
数据更新等方面存在问题。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧
A. requests请求；B. concerns担忧；C. emotions情绪；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“their
impact on everything happening in our society”和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的
一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，
允许你进行类似人类的对话等等。A. driven驱动；B. followed跟随；C. inspired启发；D.
entertained使有兴趣。根据下文“by AI technology”和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱
动自然语言的处理。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，
允许你进行类似人类的对话等等。A. conflicts冲突；B. challenges挑战；C. interests利益；
D. conversations对话。根据下文“The language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT
可以回答用户的问题，所以应该是允许用户进行类似人类的对话。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写
电子邮件、论文和代码。A. manage管理；B. control控制；C. assist协助；D. accompany陪
伴。根据上文“a natural language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails, essays,
and code”可推知，在这些任务上ChatGPT作为自然语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。
故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么
它成为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1亿用户。A. ability能力；
B. chance机会；C. responsibility责任；D. purpose目的。根据下文“to produce frequently
accurate responses to a vast range of questions”可推知，这应该是ChatGPT具有的能力。故选
A。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么
它成为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了1亿用户。A. consulting咨
询；B. reaching达到；C. introducing介绍；D. counting计数。根据上文“became the fastest-
growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT成为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达
到了1亿用户。故选B。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力
A. cause 引起；B. return 返回；C. exist 存在；D. generate 生成。根据上文“composing
emails, essays, and code”可推知，ChatGPT可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选D。
38．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸
引力。A. added to增加；B. connected to连接；C. devoted to致力于；D. owed to欠。根据下
文“its appeal”可推知，这些能力会增加ChatGPT的吸引力。故选A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。A.
determined坚定的；B. equipped装备齐全的；C. talented有才能的；D. alarmed惊慌的。根
据下文“makes it a powerful partner”可知，ChatGPT是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和
生产力任务方面表现出色，be talented in 是固定短语，意为“在……方面表现出色，
在……方面有才能”。故选C。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手
和经验丰富的程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. save保存；B. create创造；C. choose选择；D.
describe描述。根据上文“coding”可知，ChatGPT会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创
造代码。故选B。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新
手和经验丰富的程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. cautious谨慎的；B. untrained未经训练的；C.
familiar熟悉的；D. experienced有经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手
和经验丰富的程序员来说，ChatGPT都是强大的合作伙伴。故选D。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但ChatGPT仍然有局限。
A. limitations局限；B. possibilities可能性；C. requirements要求；D. advantages优势。根据
下文“Such restrictions”可知，此处在讨论ChatGPT的局限。故选A。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需
要重新措辞它才能理解输入的问题。A. right正确的；B. suitable合适的；C. specific特定的；
D. natural自然的。根据下文“as it requires rewording to understand the input question”可知，
ChatGPT需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，所以应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问
题。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。A. approaches
方法；B. responses 回应；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据上文“The
language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是
提供的回复没有质量。故选B。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。A. notice通知；
B. question问题；C. feeling感觉；D. awareness意识。根据上文“Another major limitation is
that its data is limited up to 2021.”可知，ChatGPT的数据只更新到2021年，所以应该是不了
解2021年之后的事情，have awareness of sth.意为“了解……”。故选D。
（2023·上海·南洋中学校考三模）Most forms of conventional advertising — print, radio
and broadcast television — have been losing ground to online ads for years; only billboards,
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】dating back to the 1800s, and TV ads are holding their own. Such out-of-home advertising, as it is
known, is anticipated to 46 by 3.4% in 2024, and digital out-of-home (DOOH)
advertising, which includes the LCD screens found in airports and shopping malls, by 16%. Such
ads draw viewers’ attention from phones and cannot be skipped or 47 , unlike ads
online.
Billboard owners are also 48 the location data that are pouring off people’s
smartphones. Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and
sold to media owners. They then use these data to work out when different groups — “business
travellers”, say — walk by their ads. That 49 is added to insights into traffic, weather
and other external data to produce highly relevant ads. DOOH 50 can deliver ads for
coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.
Such 51 works particularly well when it is combined with “programmatic”
advertising methods, a term that describes the use of data to automate and improve ads. In the past
year billboard owners such as Clear Channel and jcDecaux have 52 programmatic
platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes,
rather than days or weeks. It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones,
based on audience and views as well as 53 .
That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to 54 how well their
ads are working, even though no “click-through” rates are involved. Data firms can tell advertisers
how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day. Advertisers
can estimate how many individuals 55 to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a
nearby shop (or website) and buy the product. Such metrics make outdoor ads more 56
, automated and measurable, argues Michael Provenzano, co-founder of Vistar Media, an ad-tech
firm in New York.
However, the outdoor-ad revolution is not free of 57 . The collection of mobile-
phone data raises privacy concerns. And 58 of the online-ad business for being
vague, and occasionally dishonest, may also be targeted at the DOOH business as it becomes
bigger and more complex. The industry is ready to 59 such concerns, says Jean-
Christophe Conti, chief executive of VIOOH, a media-buying platform. One of the 60
of following the online-ad pioneers, he notes, is learning from their mistakes.
46．A．shrink B．grow C．strand D．emerge
47．A．obtained B．blocked C．separated D．arranged
48．A．making progress in B．getting engaged in C ． becoming part of
D．taking advantage of
49．A．value B．record C．knowledge D．intervention
50．A．opponents B．providers C．learners D．instructors
51．A．adding B．collecting C．targeting D．producing
52．A．profiled B．forbidden C．cleared D．launched
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】53．A．marketing B．evolution C．location D．branding
54．A．measure B．wonder C．notice D．mount
55．A．devoted B．opposed C．related D．exposed
56．A．concept-based B．data-driven C．customer-driven D．research-based
57．A．stress B．conflict C．injury D．problem
58．A．aspects B．demands C．criticisms D．details
59．A．address B．install C．reflect D．emphasize
60．A．benefits B．difficulties C．challenges D．conditions
【答案】
46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．C 52．D 53．C 54．
A 55．D 56．B 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了户外广告牌在大数据的加持下迅速发展。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，这种户外广告预计在2024年增长3.4% ，数字
户外广告（DOOH），包括机场和购物中心的 LCD 屏幕，增长16% 。A. shrink缩水；B.
grow 成长；C. strand 搁浅；D. emerge 出现。由上文“only billboards, dating back to the
1800s, and TV ads are holding their own(只有追溯到19世纪的广告牌和电视广告仍然保持着
自己的风格)”可知，电视广告和广告牌仍然很流行，由此可知，此处在描述这种广告的增
长趋势，即这种户外广告预计在2024年增长3.4%，故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些广告从手机上吸引观众的注意力，不能被跳过或屏蔽
不像在线广告。A. obtained获得；B. blocked阻止；C. separated分离；D. arranged安排。由
上文“cannot be skipped or”和下文“unlike ads online”可知，这种广告不能被跳过或屏蔽，
故选B。
48．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：广告牌公司也在利用人们智能手机上涌现的位置数据
A. making progress in在……取得进步；B. getting engaged in忙于；C. becoming part of成
为……的一部分；D. taking advantage of 利用。由下文“Information about their owners’
locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners.(有关其所有者的位置和
在线浏览的信息被收集并出售给媒体所有者。)”可知，广告牌公司也在利用人们智能手机
上涌现的位置数据。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些信息被添加到对流量、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中
从而产生高度相关的广告。A. value价值；B. record记录；C. knowledge知识；计算机储存
的信息；D. intervention干预。由上文“They then use these data to work out when different
groups — “business travellers”, say — walk by their ads.(然后，他们利用这些数据计算出不同
群体（比如“商务旅行者”）何时会经过他们的广告牌。)”可知，此处指将这些信息添加
到对流量、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告，在
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】天气暖和时播放冷饮广告。A. opponents对手；B. providers供应者；C. learners学习者；D.
instructors导师。由下文“can deliver ads”可知，此处指数字户外广告供应商，故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种定向广告与“程序化”广告方法相结合时效果特别好
“程序化”广告方法是一个描述使用数据自动化和改进广告的术语。A. adding加入；B.
collecting 收集；C. targeting 把……对准；以……为目标；D. producing 生产。由上文
“DOOH___5___ can deliver ads for coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.”可
知，此处指定向广告，故选C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去一年，诸如Clear Channel 和 jcDecaux等广告公司推
出了程序化平台，让品牌和媒体买家在几分钟内选择、购买和投放广告，而不是几天或几
周。A. profiled概述；B. forbidden禁止；C. cleared清除；D. launched发起；发行；推出。
由下文“programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and
place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks. ”可知，此处指广告公司推出了程序化平台，
故选D。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，户外广告将越来越多地像在线广告一样，根据受众
和观看次数以及位置来购买。A. marketing营销；B. evolution进化；C. location地点；位置；
D. branding 品牌化。由上文“Billboard owners are also___3____ the location data that are
pouring off people’s smartphones.”可知，此处指根据受众和观看次数以及位置来购买广告，
故选C。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是可能的，因为广告公司声称能够衡量他们的广告效果
如何，即使没有“点击率”的参与。A. measure测量；衡量；B. wonder好奇；C. notice注
意到；D. mount增加。由下文“how well their ads are working”可知，广告公司声称能够衡
量他们的广告效果如何，故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 广告商可以估计有多少人接触到一个手提包的广告，然后
去附近的商店（或网站）购买该产品。A. devoted致力于；B. opposed反对；C. related
与……相关；D. exposed暴露；接触。由下文“to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a
nearby shop (or website) and buy the product”可知，广告商可以估计有多少人接触到一个手
提包的广告，然后去购买该产品，故选D。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约广告技术公司 Vistar Media的联合创始人迈克尔•普
罗文扎诺（Michael Provenzano）认为，这些指标使户外广告更加数据化、自动化和可测量
A. concept-based以概念为基础的；B. data-driven数据驱动的；C. customer-driven以消费者
驱动的；D. research-based以研究为基础的。上文讲到用数据测量广告的效果，此处指这些
指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题。A. stress压力；B.
conflict冲突；C. injury受伤；D. problem问题。由下文“The collection of mobile-phone data
raises privacy concerns(手机数据的收集引起了人们对隐私的担忧)”可知，户外广告也有问题，
故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】可能针对户外广告业务，因为它变得更大，更复杂。A. aspects方面；B. demands要求；C.
criticisms 批评；D. details 详述。由下文“of the online-ad business for being vague, and
occasionally dishonest”可知，此处指批评在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的，故选
C。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：媒体购买平台 VIOOH 首席执行官让-克里斯托弗•孔蒂
（jean-Christophe Conti）表示，媒体行业已准备好解决这些担忧。A. address 解决；B.
install安装；C. reflect反映；D. emphasize强调。上文描述了户外广告的问题，此处指业界
准备好解决这些问题，故选A。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，追随在线广告先驱的好处之一就是从他们的错误
中吸取教训。A. benefits好处；B. difficulties困难；C. challenges挑战；D. conditions条件。
故由下文“is learning from their mistakes.”可知，追随在线广告先驱的好处之一就是从他们
的错误中吸取教训，故选A。
（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks
across the camp at the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then
suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 61 cavemen
masks caught crows and 62 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 63
birds.
“We always knew crows 64 us, but could we show it?” says Dr. Marzluff, a
professor known affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and
banded didn’t 65 to them. But when the 66 humans walked by while
wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责骂) loudly and dived at their “ 67 ”. The birds
had remembered their 68 !
“Crows are constantly 69 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they
eyeball you, 70 the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 71 to the people in masks. But in later
tests, an increasing number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not
around. The birds had 72 from one another. Dr. Marzluff and his team followed
banded crows for a year and 73 that adults even pass this information to their 74
.
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 75 work.
61．A．picked out B．put on C．searched for D．taken off
62．A．dropped B．stepped C．pressed D．tied
63．A．unhappy B．beautiful C．black D．rare
64．A．hate B．attack C．recognize D．contact
65．A．wave B．react C．reply D．turn
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】66．A．friendly B．unkind C．different D．same
67．A．enemies B．professors C．owners D．followers
68．A．clothes B．faces C．organs D．figures
69．A．expecting B．admiring C．watching D．tolerating
70．A．estimating B．changing C．restoring D．worsening
71．A．rigidly B．automatically C．abnormally D．threateningly
72．A．resulted B．heard C．learned D．benefited
73．A．promised B．identified C．denied D．clarified
74．A．young B．neighbor C．partners D．opponents
75．A．wings B．noses C．legs D．brains
【答案】
61．B 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．B 66．D 67．A 68．B 69．
C 70．A 71．D 72．C 73．B 74．A 75．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是
如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪
发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了
乌鸦，并在他们的腿上绑上了塑料带子。A. picked out挑选出；B. put on穿上；C. searched
for搜寻；D. taken off脱下。由上文“Wearing a caveman mask(面具)”可知，此处指戴上面
具，故选B。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了
乌鸦，并在它们的腿上绑上了塑料带。A. dropped掉落；B. stepped迈；C. pressed按压；D.
tied系上。由下文“the crows they had caught and banded(他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦)”可知，
在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选D。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。A. unhappy不高兴的；
B. beautiful漂亮的；C. black黑色的；D. rare稀少的。由上文“caught crows”可知，乌鸦被
捕所以不开心，故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来
吗？”Marzluff博士说，他是一位被亲切地称为Crowman的教授。A. hate讨厌；B. attack
攻击；C. recognize识别；D. contact联系。由下文“the crows scolded (责骂) loudly”和实验
内容可知，研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子，然后将它们放了，之后戴上面具
后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们，故选C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员不戴口罩在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆
绑的乌鸦没有反应。A. wave挥舞；B. react反应；C. reply回复；D. turn转弯。由下文“to
them”可知，此处指乌鸦没有任何反应，react to固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”，故选
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，
并向它们的“敌人”俯冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善的；C. different不同的；
D. same同样的。由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保
证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选D。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并
向它们的“敌人”俯冲下去。A. enemies敌人；B. professors教授；C. owners主人；D.
followers追随者。由下文“the crows scolded(责骂) loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研
究者捆绑乌鸦可知，乌鸦把他们当成敌人，在认出他们之后去攻击他们，故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。A. clothes衣服；B. faces脸；C.
organs器官；D. figures人物。由下文“They look, they think, they eyeball you”可知，乌鸦能
记住敌人的脸。故选B。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“乌鸦一直在观察我们，”Marzluff博士说。A. expecting
期盼；B. admiring钦佩；C. watching观看；D. tolerating忍受。由下文“They look”可知，
乌鸦一直在观察他们，故选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在看、在思考、在观察你，然后估计形势。A.
estimating估计；B. changing改变；C. restoring恢复；D. worsening变坏。由上文“They
look, they think, they eyeball you,”和下文“situation”可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，
去攻击他们，故选A。
71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，只有被捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。A.
rigidly严格地；B. automatically主动地；C. abnormally不正常地；D. threateningly威胁地。
由下文“But in later tests, a(an) increasing number of crows began scolding them,”可知，乌鸦
攻击他们，对他们产生有威胁性的行为，故选D。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌鸦们互相得知（信息）。A. resulted导致；B. heard听到；
C. learned学习；得知；D. benefited使受益。由下文“pass this information”可知，乌鸦们从
同伴那里得知一些信息，故选C。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪
研究，发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。A. promised承诺；B. identified发现；
C. denied否认；D. clarified澄清。由上文“Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows
for a year”和下文“that adults even pass this information to their”可知，Marzluff博士和他的团
队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪
研究，发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。A. young幼崽；B. neighbor邻居；
C. partners伙伴；D. opponents对手。由上文“adults even pass this information to their”可知，
成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，故选A。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。
A. wings翅膀；B. noses鼻子；C. legs腿；D. brains大脑。由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】敌人可知，Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选D。
（2023秋·广东揭阳·高三统考期末）Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting
with friends? If you’re a teen, that’s fairly 76 . And new research may explain why so
many 77 tune out their mom’s voices.
Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything
78 . Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. Researchers scanned the brains of
7- to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The
words were purely 79 : teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids
listened, certain parts of their brains became 80 . This was especially true in brain regions
that help us to 81 rewards and pay attention.
This 82 usually happens between ages 13 and 14. The brain seems to 83 new
needs that come with youth. As we 84 , our survival depends less and less on mom’s
support. 85 , we rely more and more on our 86 -friends and others closer to
our own age.
However, these areas in the youthful brain don’t stop 87 mom. It’s just that
unfamiliar voices become more 88 and worthy of attention. Mothers’ voices still have
special power, especially in times of stress. Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones (荷
尔蒙) 89 when stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.
So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s
okay. “That’s the way the brain is 90 , and there’s a good reason for it.”
76．A．strange B．rare C．common D．impossible
77．A．schoolboys B．teenagers C．adults D．girls
78．A．changes B．matters C．evolves D．counts
79．A．complicated B．meaningful C．nonsense D．nonstop
80．A．numb B．small C．calm D．active
81．A．record B．design C．detect D．process
82．A．action B．shift C．ability D．function
83．A．adapt to B．appeal to C．apply to D．attach to
84．A．struggle B．advance C．shrink D．mature
85．A．Once B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Besides
86．A．strangers B．competitors C．partners D．peers
87．A．keeping out B．responding to C．working with D．turning down
88．A．rewarding B．impressive C．comfortable D．reasonable
89．A．varied B．dropped C．topped D．remained
90．A．fixed B．supplied C．balanced D．wired
【答案】
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】76．C 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．D 81．C 82．B 83．A 84．
D 85．C 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．B 90．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了青少年常常忽略母亲的声音，而小时候则非常听
话。文章解释了这一现象背后的原因：大脑为了适应不同成长阶段对外界的不同需求，因
此在不同年龄阶段对不同人的声音反应程度有不同。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是青少年，这很常见。A. strange奇怪的；B. rare
罕见的；C. common普通的；D. impossible不可能的。根据前文“Do you sometimes ignore
your mom while chatting with friends? If you’re a teen”可知，你有时会在和朋友聊天的时候忽
略你的妈妈吗?如果你是青少年，这是很常见的。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多青少年不听妈妈的声
音。A. schoolboys男学生；B. teenagers青少年；C. adults成年人；D. girls女孩。根据前文
“If you’re a teen”可知，如果你是青少年，你有时会在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈。
故选B。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着他们长大，一切都变了。A. changes 改变；B.
matters要紧；C. evolves进化；D. counts数。根据前文“But as they grow up”可知，小孩子
的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感，但随着他们长大，一切都变了。故选A。
79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些词纯粹是没有意义：teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt
和peebudieshawlt。A. complicated复杂的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. nonsense无意义的；
D. nonstop 不 间 断 的 。 根 据 后 文 “ As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains
became ___5___ .”可知，当研究人员扫描了7到16岁的孩子在听母亲或陌生女性说话时的
大脑时，全都是一些没有意义的词，但是当给更小的孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变
得活跃起来。故选C。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。A.
numb麻木的；B. small小的；C. calm冷静的；D. active积极的。根据前文“Young kids’
brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。
当研究人员扫描了7到16岁的孩子在听母亲或陌生女性说话时的大脑时，全都是一些没有
意义的词，但是当给更小的孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来。故选D。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在帮助我们发现奖励和集中注意力的大脑区域尤其如此。
A. record记录；B. design设计；C. detect查明，察觉；D. process加工，处理。根据后文
“pay attention”可知，在帮助我们发现奖励和集中注意力的大脑区域会更加活跃。故选C。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间。A. action行动；
B. shift转变；C. ability能力；D. function功能。根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned
in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything ___3___ .”可知，小孩子的大脑对
母亲的声音很敏感。但随着他们长大，一切都变了。可知这种转变通常发生在 13岁到14
岁之间。故选B。
83．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大脑似乎能适应年轻带来的新需求。A. adapt to适应；B.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】appeal to呼吁；C. apply to应用；D. attach to依附。根据下文“As we ___9___ , our survival
depends less and less on mom’s support.”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖
于妈妈的支持，由此大脑似乎能适应年轻带来的新需求。故选A。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持
A. struggle挣扎；B. advance前进；C. shrink减少；D. mature成熟。根据后文“depends less
and less on mom’s support”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持。
故选D。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们越来越依赖我们的同龄人、朋友和其他与我们
年龄相近的人。A. Once曾经；B. Otherwise否则；C. Instead而不是；D. Besides此外。根
据后文“we rely more and more on our ___11___ -friends and others closer to our own age.”可
知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人，由此
与前文构成转折关系。故选C。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. strangers陌生人；B. competitors 竞争者；C.
partners伙伴；D. peers同龄人。根据后文“friends and others closer to our own age”可知，随
着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人。故选D。
87．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，年轻大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈的反应。
A. keeping out阻止；B. responding to回应；C. working with与……共事；D. turning down拒
绝。根据前文“these areas in the youthful brain”可知，虽然随着年龄的增长，我们越来越依
赖的是同龄人、朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人，但是，年轻大脑中的这些区域并没有停
止对妈妈的反应。故选B。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只是不熟悉的声音变得更有价值，更值得关注。A.
rewarding 有意义的，有回报的；B. impressive 印象深刻的；C. comfortable 舒服的；D.
reasonable合理的。根据后文“worthy of attention”可知，不熟悉的声音变得更有价值，更
值得关注。故选A。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音
时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。A. varied变化；B. dropped掉落；C. topped高于，超过；
D. remained 保留，留下。根据前文“Mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in
times of stress.”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候，当压力过
大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降。故选B。
90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有原因的。A. fixed固定的；
B. supplied被提供的；C. balanced平衡的；D. wired连接的。根据前文“Young kids’ brains
are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up, everything ___3___ . Teenagers’
brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices.”可知，因为儿童时期需要依赖母亲的支持，因此
儿童时期的大脑很听妈妈的话。到了青春期，由于有新的需求，于是大脑对不熟悉的声音
更加关注。这就是大脑连接的方式。故选D。
（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a
variety can benefit a nation.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 91 13 new varieties of wheat and
contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother
of wheat”, is a 92 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang
city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 93 experiments. “The
first 94 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a
hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 95 and selection,
and when characteristics remain stable, we 96 a two-year process of yield testing and
disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 97 for evaluation
and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 98 should produce high yields, have stable
production, and 99 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 100 ,
it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team 101 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All
year round they were busy with 102 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings
and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 103 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do
not 104 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 105
on the land,” she said.
91．A．advertising B．cultivating C．discussing D．observing
92．A．journalist B．teacher C．researcher D．manager
93．A．precise B．efficient C．simple D．expensive
94．A．way B．attempt C．step D．question
95．A．encouragementB．support C．management D．trial
96．A．begin B．continue C．follow D．repeat
97．A．practice B．application C．declaration D．invitation
98．A．environment B．machine C．farmland D．variety
99．A．produce B．enhance C．show D．develop
100．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
101．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted
102．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying
103．A．normal B．tough C．varied D．specific
104．A．end up B．run out C．break up D．pay off
105．A．answers B．comfort C．dreams D．courage
【答案】
91．B 92．C 93．A 94．C 95．D 96．A 97．B 98．D 99．
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C 100．A 101．D 102．C 103．B 104．D 105．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏
培育新小麦品种的事迹。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家
粮食安全做出了贡献，他做到了这两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C.
discussing讨论；D. observing观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是培育小
麦。故选B。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的 50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科
学院的一名研究员。A. journalist 记者；B. teacher教师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager
经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years 1 13 new varieties of wheat and
contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C。
93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A.
precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict
standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然
后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. way方法，道路；B. attempt企图；C. step步骤；D.
question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可
知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始
了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C.
management管理；D. trial审讯，试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代
的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. begin开始；B. continue继续；C. follow跟随；D.
repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease
identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A.
practice 练习；B. application 应用，申请；C. declaration 宣布；D. invitation 邀请。根据
“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产
量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. environment环境；B. machine机器；
C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years
1 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，
此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. show表
明，表现；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要
表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】100．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B.
However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合语境可知，此处是对上文的补
充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植 7 万至 8 万株幼苗。A.
watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种
的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8
万株幼苗。故选D。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记
录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行；D. studying学习，研
究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选
C。
103．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. normal正常的；B.
tough棘手的，艰难的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上
文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B。
104．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. run out用完；
C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is 1 3 and
complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找
到答案。A. answers答案；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提
到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土
地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
（2023·湖南长沙·长郡中学校考一模）This year, hundreds of people around the world are
applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The 106
is in Antarctica, and one of the key 107 is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 108 four postmen to live on the island
from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it
109 as a museum. Although employees each have unique 110 , they are
cooperatively responsible for preserving the 111 place and caring for the thousands of
tourists. The staff is also 112 environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly
113 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 114 for the
position. They are mainly 115 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific
significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real 116
for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got
to 117 , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of
118 ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is 119 . The total experience offers
both a different 120 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】planet. ”
106．A．centre B．position C．aim D．unit
107．A．requirements B．characteristics C．virtues D．activities
108．A．persuades B．instructs C．encourages D．hires
109．A．exists B．transforms C．doubles D．develops
110．A．tastes B．talents C．roles D．backgrounds
111．A．temporary B．historic C．grand D．magical
112．A．in favor of B．in need of C．in possession of D．in charge of
113．A．paid B．sought-after C．hard-won D．respectable
114．A．annually B．weekly C．monthly D．daily
115．A．invited B．devoted C．related D．drawn
116．A．joy B．lesson C．effort D．shock
117．A．get along B．show off C．break through D．give in
118．A．loneliness B．eagerness C．looseness D．togetherness
119．A．consistent B．rewarding C．potential D．pure
120．A．entrance B．answer C．attitude D．introduction
【答案】
106．B 107．A 108．D 109．C 110．C 111．B 112．D 113．B
114．A 115．D 116．A 117．A 118．D 119．B 120．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人
在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物，还要负责数金鹅。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A.
centre中心；B. position职位；C. aim目标；D. unit单位。根据上文“This year, hundreds of
people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most
remote post office. (今年，世界各地有数百人正在申请一份理想的工作，以经营世界上最偏
远的邮局洛克罗伊港。)”可知，此处表示该职位在南极洲，故选B项。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A.
requirements要求；B. characteristics特征；C. virtues美德；D. activities活动。根据空后“is
the ability to count penguins(企鹅)”可知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。故选
A项。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，英国南极遗产信托基金都会雇用四名邮递员从11
月到3月住在岛上。A. persuades说服；B. instructs指示；C. encourages鼓励；D. hires雇用。
根据上文“applying for a desired job”和下文“employees”可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，
故选D项。
109．考查动词词辨析。句意：除了是一家拥有近80年历史的英国邮局外，它还兼作博物
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】馆。A. exists存在；B. transforms转移；C. doubles双倍；D. develops发展。前面提到洛克
雷港是一个“post office”，空后又提到“as a museum”，故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。
double as表示“兼作”，故选C项。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史
名胜和照顾成千上万的游客。A. tastes 品味；B. talents 人才；C. roles 职能，角色；D.
backgrounds背景。根据下文“they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 6
place and caring for the thousands of tourists.”可知，此处表示员工各司其职，故选C项。
111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历
史名胜和照顾成千上万的游客。A. temporary暂时的；B. historic历史的；C. grand大的；D.
magical魔法的。根据上文“a nearly 80-year-old British-owned”和空前“preserving”可知，空
处表示有历史意义的地方。故选B项。
112．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责环境数据收集和野生动物监测。A. in
favor of赞成；B. in need of需要；C. in possession of占有；D. in charge of负责。根据空前
的“also”可知，本空应与前面的“responsible for”在含义上接近，故用in charge of表示
“负责”，故选D项。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它仍然还是很抢手。A. paid有偿的；B.
sought-after 抢手的；C. hard-won 来之不易的；D. respectable 受人尊敬的。根据前文
“there’s not much time for relaxation and rest”可知这份工作没有多少时间休息和放松，再结
合“Still(尽管如此)”可知，它仍然很抢手，故选B项。
114．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年收到数百份该职位的申请。A.
annually每年；B. weekly每周；C. monthly每月；D. daily每天。根据上文中的“This year,
hundreds of people-desired job”和下文中的“the 2019-2020 season”可知，此处表示英国南极
遗产信托基金每年都会收到大量申请该职位的信。故选A项。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们主要被洛克罗伊港吸引，因为它的历史和科学意义。
A. invited邀请；B. devoted投入；C. related相关；D. drawn吸引。根据空后“both for its
history and its scientific significance”可知，求职者们是被它的历史和科学意义吸引。故选D
项。
116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。A. joy喜悦；B. lesson教
训；C. effort努力；D. shock休克。根据前文“Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying”可知该职
位很抢手，但是Lucy Dorman申请成功了，再结合下文中的“I really love”可知，此处表示
对她来说，获得这个职位很让她开心。故选A项。
117．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易地离开对方。
A. get along相处；B. show off炫耀；C. break through突破；D. give in屈服。根据前文“a
real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，
此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选A项。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很喜欢那种团结”，她说。A. loneliness孤独；
B. eagerness渴望；C. looseness松弛；D. togetherness和睦相处。据前文“a real sense of
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】community”和下文中的“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此处表示
Lucy Dorman喜欢那种和睦相处，故选D项。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。A. consistent持续的；
B. rewarding有益的；C. potential有潜力的；D. pure纯粹的。根据空前的“what you can
achieve here”和下文中的“The total experience offers. your function on the planet.”可知，此处
表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。故选B项。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整体体验既提供了对世界的不同看法，也提供了对您在地
球上的功能的新观点。A. entrance入口；B. answer回答；C. attitude看法；D. introduction
介绍。根据空前“offers both a different”及空后的“a new viewpoint”可知，空处应为与“a
new viewpoint”相对应，，表示对世界的不同看法，故选C项。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）In a letter he wrote in 1884, Mark Twain complained that
“Telephones, telegraphs and words are too slow for this age; we must get something that is faster.”
“We should communicate by thought only, and say in a couple of minutes what should have
ballooned into 121 in an hour and a half,” said him.
Despite the progress the previous century brought for our understanding of both language and
the brain, we are no closer to telepathy(心灵感应), communication from one mind to another by
122 means, than we were in Twain’s time. The reason is that the telepathy we’ve been
promised, the sort imagined by Twain, and 123 in countless movies and TV shows, is,
for the time being, groundless.
“Good old-fashioned telepathy” (GOFT) involves a direct transfer of 124 from one
mind to another. It has fascinated people for good reasons. It removes the 125 of
language. With GOFT, we no longer need to put each concept into words or to 126
someone’s language. You know instantly what one means as the former channel of
communication, language, is not at all necessary. The 127 of language is the central
feature of GOFT. It is what enables science-fiction writers to imagine humans and aliens from
other planets communicating telepathically despite not sharing a language. But can it really come
true with current science and technology?
Besides, GOFT promises genuine communication. However, 128 is universal. We
all have experiences of saying one thing, only to be understood as saying something else. Because
language is so flexible, it is also easy to lie or 129 oneself. We aren’t even certain if
Bob’s expression could be in line with what he believes in a year’s time.
These weaknesses have driven people to look for alternatives and finally inspired inventions
of artificial languages trying to remove misunderstanding. Of course, one day when technology
allows, a direct thought-to-thought transfer seems the 130 solution.
Many of us have the confidence that we can think faster than we can speak or write. Having
to rely 131 on language to communicate, however, is depressing. Therefore, the 132
of adding new direct brain-to-brain communication channels is exciting. By channels of this kind,
our brains can be “ 133 ” and allowed to be committed to other 134 practices
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】instead of conveying messages. New brain-to-brain channels have the potential to increase 135
, turning us into super-actors, handling so many tasks in a short period of time as we cannot yet
imagine.
121．A．words B．gestures C．actions D．costs
122．A．extra-genetic B．extra-familial C．extra-sensory D．extra-legal
123．A．sacrificed B．popularized C．enclosed D．balanced
124．A．strength B．intelligence C．thoughts D．structures
125．A．limitations B．expenses C．command D．evolution
126．A．replace B．update C．decode D．imitate
127．A．avoidance B．discrimination C．employment D．expansion
128．A．reluctance B．privacy C．fear D．misinterpretation
129．A．contradict B．indicate C．delay D．justify
130．A．multiple B．invisible C．ultimate D．equivalent
131．A．roughly B．casually C．entirely D．willingly
132．A．distraction B．prospect C．origin D．regulation
133．A．fed up B．set up C．cut off D．let loose
134．A．profitable B．meaningful C．steady D．typical
135．A．charm B．recognition C．efficiency D．endurance
【答案】
121．A 122．C 123．B 124．C 125．A 126．C 127．A 128．D
129．A 130．C 131．C 132．B 133．D 134．B 135．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“心灵感应（GOFT）”这种交流方式的特点
以及优势。
121．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我们只应该通过思想交流，在几分钟内把应该在
一个半小时内用文字表达出来的内容说出来。”A. words话语；B. gestures手势；C. actions
行动；D. costs花费。根据上文“We should communicate by thought only,and say in a couple
of minutes”可知，此处指把要写的话说出来。故选A。
122．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管上个世纪为我们对语言和大脑的理解带来了进步，
但与吐温时代相比，我们并没有更接近心灵感应，即通过超感官手段从一个心灵到另一个
心灵进行交流。A. extra-genetic非遗传的；B. extra-familial家族以外的；C. extra-sensory超
感官的；D. extra-legal 不受法律支配的。根据上文“we are no closer to telepathy,
communication from one mind to another by”可知，心灵感应是超出感官之外的交流方式。故
选C。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：原因是，我们被承诺的那种心灵感应，那种吐温想象的、
在无数电影和电视节目中流行起来的心灵感应，暂时是没有根据的。A. sacrificed牺牲；B.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】popularized宣传；C. enclosed包围；D. balanced平衡。根据后文“countless movies and TV
shows”可知，指在无数电影和电视节目中流行起来的心灵感应，故选B。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“优秀的老式心灵感应（GOFT）”包括将思想从一个头
脑直接转移到另一个头脑。A. strength力量；B. intelligence智力；C. thoughts想法；D.
structures结构。根据后文“from one mind to another”从一个头脑到另一个头脑的是思想。
故选C。
125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它消除了语言的限制。A. limitations限制；B. expenses费
用；C. command命令；D. evolution进化。根据后文“You know instantly what one means as
the former channel of communication, language, is not at all necessary.(你马上就能明白，作为
前一种交流渠道，语言根本不是必要的)”可知，它消除了语言的限制。故选A。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了GOFT，我们不再需要将每个概念放入单词或解码别
人的语言。A. replace取代；B. update更新；C. decode破译；D. imitate模仿。根据后文
“You know instantly what one means as the former channel of communication, language, is not
at all necessary.(你马上就能明白，作为前一种交流渠道，语言根本不是必要的)”可知，有了
GOFT，我们不再需要将每个概念放入单词或解码别人的语言。故选C。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回避语言是GOFT的中心特征。A. avoidance避免；B.
discrimination歧视；C. employment雇用；D. expansion扩大。根据后文“It is what enables
science-fiction writers to imagine humans and aliens from other planets communicating
telepathically despite not sharing a language.(正是它使科幻小说作家能够想象人类和来自其他
星球的外星人尽管没有共同的语言，但仍能通过心灵感应进行交流)”可知，回避语言是
GOFT的中心特征。故选A。
128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，误解是普遍存在的。A. reluctance不情愿；B.
privacy隐私；C. fear恐惧；D. misinterpretation误解。根据后文“We all have experiences of
saying one thing, only to be understood as saying something else.(我们都有这样的经历:说了一
件事，却被理解成说了另一件事)”可知，指误解是普遍存在的。故选D。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为语言是如此的灵活，它也很容易说谎或自相矛盾。A.
contradict自相矛盾；B. indicate表明；C. delay推迟；D. justify辩解。根据后文“We aren’t
even certain if Bob’s expression could be in line with what he believes in a year’s time.(我们甚至
不确定鲍勃的表情是否与他一年后的信念一致)”可知，语言很容易说谎或自相矛盾。故选
A。
130．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，当有一天技术允许时，一个直接的思想到思想的
转移似乎是最终的解决方案。A. multiple多个的；B. invisible看不见的；C. ultimate最后的；
D. equivalent等同的。根据上文“Of course, one day when technology allows, a direct thought-
to-thought transfer seems the”可知，当有一天技术允许时，一个直接的思想到思想的转移似
乎是最终的解决方案。故选C。
131．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，必须完全依靠语言来交流是令人沮丧的。A.
roughly大概；B. casually随便地；C. entirely完全地；D. willingly愿意地。根据后文“on
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】language to communicate, however, is depressing”可知，目前还无法心灵感应，所以完全依靠
语言来交流。故选C。
132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，增加新的直接脑对脑通信通道的前景令人兴奋。A.
distraction分心；B. prospect希望；C. origin起源；D. regulation规章。根据后文“of adding
new direct brain-to-brain communication channels is exciting”可知，此处是在描述增加新的直
接脑对脑通信通道的前景令人兴奋。故选B。
133．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过这种渠道，我们的大脑可以“放松”，允许致力于其
他有意义的实践，而不是传递信息。A. fed up厌倦；B. set up建立；C. cut off切断；D. let
loose放松。根据后文“instead of conveying messages”可是，脑对脑通信通道可以让我们的
大脑放松，致力于其他有意义的实践，故选D。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过这种渠道，我们的大脑可以“放松”，允许致力于
其他有意义的实践，而不是传递信息。A. profitable盈利的；B. meaningful有意义的；C.
steady稳定的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“allowed to be committed to other”指大脑致力
于其它有意义的实践活动。故选B。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的大脑到大脑的通道有可能提高效率，把我们变成超级
演员，在短时间内处理我们还无法想象的许多任务。A. charm迷人；B. recognition承认；
C. efficiency效率；D. endurance持久。根据后文“handling so many tasks in a short period of
time as we cannot yet imagine(在短时间内处理我们还无法想象的许多任务)”可知，新的大脑
到大脑的通道有可能提高效率，故选C。
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）After five long years, it appears California’s drought is finally
becoming less severe. 136 a recent string of storms, more than a third of the state has now
welcomed healthy precipitation (降水量), and California’s snowpack—a(n) 137 source
of water as the year progresses—has reached nearly twice its seasonal average in some parts of the
Sierra Nevada. That’s a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the
state 138 drought conditions. It’s also welcome news for Californians, who have faced a
series of water 139 since Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in early
2014. Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production.
The state’s water struggles, 140 , are far from over. For one, nobody knows for sure
how long these rains will last. Although recent precipitation has been 141 —in some places
more than 80 inches—the accuracy of storm forecasting remains 142 beyond a week.
Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would
bring record levels of precipitation. It never 143 . “Will six weeks from now be wet?” asks
Jeanine Jones, California’s interstate water-resources manager. “The skill in that kind of
forecasting is just not there.”
144 , a storm slowdown is a very real possibility—and it could leave California
without enough water to make it through the dry summer. 145 , when that happens, the
state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】But those 146 remain used up after years of drought; restoring them could take years in
some places, says Jones.
The quick inrush of water has also created a(n) 147 balancing act for water
managers. Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of
a sudden dry spell, but it also
148 the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit. To that end, water managers
opened the Sacramento Weir floodgates earlier this month to pour reservoir water into nearby
fields after 149 showed local water levels would likely continue to rise. That’s a
calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months.
For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever
may happen. “We’re halfway through our wettest season, and conditions have been encouraging,”
she says. “I would say we’re 150 optimistic.”
136．A．According to B．With respect to C．Thanks to D．In addition to
137．A．official B．exhaustible C．unexpected D．crucial
138．A．experienced B．improved C．worsened D．investigated
139．A．pollution B．restrictions C．pressure D．cycles
140．A．nevertheless B．therefore C．meanwhile D．moreover
141．A．accurate B．plentiful C．consistent D．emergent
142．A．productive B．unchangeable C．progressive D．unreliable
143．A．fell behind B．broke down C．came about D．took off
144．A．Or else B．In other words C．At that point D．Above all
145．A．Literally B．Contrarily C．Historically D．Consequently
146．A．levels B．formations C．struggles D．reserves
147．A．random B．delicate C．mechanical D．insensible
148．A．heightens B．assumes C．minimizes D．identifies
149．A．restorations B．calculations C．conditions D．projections
150．A．hopelessly B．extremely C．guardedly D．cheerfully
【答案】
136．C 137．D 138．A 139．B 140．A 141．B 142．D 143．C
144．B 145．C 146．D 147．B 148．A 149．D 150．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了加州今年干旱减轻的现状，以及一些新的担忧。
136．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎
来了健康的降水量，随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内
华达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. According to根据；B. With
respect to关于；C. Thanks to由于；D. In addition to除了。根据上文“After five long years, it
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】appears California’s drought is finally becoming less severe. (经过漫长的五年，加州的干旱似
乎终于减轻了。)”可知，干旱得到缓解，而下文指出的就是缓解的原因。故选C项。
137．考查形容词辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来
了健康的降水量, 随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内华
达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. official官方的；B. exhaustible
用得尽的；C. unexpected未料想的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据本句“snowpack (积雪)”可
知，积雪是重要水源。故选D项。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸
土地都经历了干旱。A. experienced 经历；B. improved 提升；C. worsened 恶化；D.
investigated调查。根据本句搭配“every inch of the state(该州的每一寸土地)”和“drought
conditions (干旱状况)”可知，此处指的是这个州去年暑假到处都很干旱，即经历了干旱。故
选A项。
139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对加州人来说也是个好消息，自 2014年初州长杰里·布
朗宣布进入紧急状态以来，他们面临着一系列的用水限制。A. pollution 污染；B.
restrictions限制；C. pressure压力；D. cycles循环。根据下文“Farmers have been forced to
spend heavily to maintain production. (农民们被迫花费巨资来维持生产。)”可知，因为干旱，
包括农民在内的加州人遭受了很多麻烦，这是因为政府限制用水。故选B项。
140．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，该州的水资源斗争远未结束。A. nevertheless然而；
B. therefore 因此；C. meanwhile 同时；D. moreover 而且。根据上文“That’s a dramatic
improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state experienced drought
conditions. (与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干
旱。)”可知，上文指出情况有好转，但本段接着却说斗争未结束，这是一个不好的现象，
即前后文存在转折关系。故选A项。
141．考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过 80英寸，但风暴预报的准
确性在一周后仍然不可靠。A. accurate精准的；B. plentiful丰富的；C. consistent连贯的；
D. emergent紧急的。根据本句破折号后的说明“in some places more than 80 inches (一些地
方的降雨量超过80英寸)”可知，降雨量充足。故选B项。
142．考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过 80英寸，但对一周以后的
风暴预报的准确性仍然不可靠。A. productive多产的；B. unchangeable无法改变的；C.
progressive进步的；D. unreliable靠不住的。根据下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is
just not there. (这种预测的技巧尚未存在)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，可推测准确性
不可靠。故选D项。
143．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这从来没有发生过。A. fell behind落后；B. broke down出
故障；C. came about出现；D. took off腾飞。根据上文“Californians know this all too well:
last year, experts projected a “Godzilla” El Niño that would bring record levels of precipitation.
(加州人非常清楚这一点：去年，专家预测“哥斯拉”厄尔尼诺现象将带来创纪录的降水
量。)”可知，专家预测了降水；而下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】(这种预测的技巧尚未存在。)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，因此专家的推测并不准确，
其推测的创纪录的降水量并未出现。故选C项。
144．考查短语辨析。句意：换句话说，风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加
利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。A. Or else要不然；B. In other words换言之；
C. At that point 就在那时；D. Above all 总之。根据本句“a storm slowdown is a very real
possibility—and it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry
summer. (风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度
过干燥的夏天。)”可知，此处延续上文，继续描述对降水量的推测，即是换一种方式说明
上文提及的预测。故选B项。
145．考查副词词义辨析。句意：历史上，当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天
然岩层中的地下水。A. Literally字面意思地；B. Contrarily反之；C. Historically在历史上；
D. Consequently 因此。根据本句“when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater
stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface (当这种情况发生时，该州转
向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，此句描述的是以前发生这种情况时的处
理方法，即历史上的处理方法。故选C项。
146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的干旱，这些储备仍然耗尽；琼斯说，在某些
地方，修复它们可能需要数年时间。A. levels水平；B. formations构成；C. struggles挣扎；
D. reserves 储备。根据上文“ Historically, when that happens, the state has turned to
groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earth’s surface. (历史上，当这种
情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，以前发生干旱时，
都会借助储存在地表深层的地下水，这是水储备的一种方式。故选D项。
147．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水的快速涌入也为水资源管理者创造了一种易被破坏的
平衡行为。A. random随机的；B. delicate易被破坏的；C. mechanical机械的；D. insensible
无知觉的。根据下文“Keeping surface reservoirs (水库) filled to the edge protects against the
possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also heightens the risk of flooding if and when future
storms hit. (保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未来风暴来袭，
也会增加洪水的风险。)”可知，水的快速涌入很容易破坏平衡，同时可能造成干旱和洪水，
即这种平衡很容易被破坏。故选B项。
148．考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但
如果未来风暴来袭，也会增加洪水的风险。A. heightens使变高，使加强；B. assumes认为；
C. minimizes最小化；D. identifies认出。根据本句前半句“Keeping surface reservoirs (水
库) filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell (保持地表水库填充到
边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性)”可知，这能防止干旱的可能性，但转折连词but说明下半
句并列句与上文转折，即在提高防止干旱的可能性的同时也增加了洪水的可能性。故选 A
项。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为此，在预测显示当地水位可能会继续上升后，水务管理
人员于本月早些时候打开了萨克拉门托堰的闸门，将水库水倒入附近的田地。A.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】restorations恢复；B. calculations计算；C. conditions状况；D. projections预测。根据下文
“That’s a calculation that will be made across the state in the coming months. (这是未来几个月
将在全州范围内进行的计算。)”可知，此处提及的未来几个月将会进行计算就是一种预测。
故选D项。
150．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我想说，我们谨慎乐观。”A. hopelessly无望地；B.
extremely极其；C. guardedly谨慎地；D. cheerfully开心地。根据上文“For now, though,
Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the state’s water supply whatever may happen. (不过，
目前，无论发生什么，琼斯专注于规划和确保该州的供水。)”可知，虽然目前状况令人鼓
舞，但是琼斯表示还需专注于供水，故可知情况乐观但也需谨慎对待。故选C项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
