文档内容
第 13 讲 完形填空（说明文）
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
【题型二】科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
【题型三】人与动植物类说明文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
1.（2024·广东广州·三模）What’s the point of studying? It’s something you might ask yourself if you’re
1 to finish an assignment, 2 if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are 3 and earning lots
of money.
Many of us choose to go to university as a first step towards a good 4 , but sometimes graduates are
educated beyond what is necessary for a job. Even so, according to a research conducted by an organization, a 5
will, in the long run, earn you more. What’s more, there are 6 in your earning potential. A researcher says
that graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at other
universities after five years.
7 , it found it’s not just the location but other factors that can 8 what you can earn. For
example, graduates in subjects such as law and medicine 9 to do well. And as they progress, the pay gap
between these careers and others, such as the creative arts, 10 . Also, a student’s 11 background
can have an effect, with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to university, and
mostly likely a 12 one.
But if you still don’t feel university delivers the best work opportunities, there are 13 words from
Alistair Jarvis, head of Universities UK, who says that graduates are half as likely to be 14 as non-
graduates. So maybe all that studying is 15 — after all “no pains, no gains”!
1．A．planning B．struggling C．trying D．hoping
2．A．actually B．usually C．especially D．generally3．A．working B．studying C．wandering D．living
4．A．education B．life C．marriage D．career
5．A．degree B．major C．skill D．patent
6．A．changes B．difficulties C．improvements D．differences
7．A．Then B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead
8．A．involve in B．contribute to C．consist of D．result from
9．A．happen B．tend C．long D．manage
10．A．exists B．disappears C．widens D．varies
11．A．religious B．historical C．educational D．social
12．A．big B．good C．popular D．public
13．A．encouraging B．amazing C．sincere D．scientific
14．A．disrespected B．distrusted C．unemployed D．unpaid
15．A．reliable B．favorable C．interesting D．rewarding
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。上大学获取一个学位可不是件容易的事。大多数人相信，获得大学文凭对一名
毕业生的未来职业发展必有帮助。但这一纸文凭究竟有那么管用吗？学生所学习的专业会影响其未来的就
业和收入吗？短文讨论在英国，学历和收入之间的关系。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在
工作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. planning计划；B. struggling奋斗；C. trying尝
试； D. hoping 希望。根据上文“What’s the point of studying?”以及下文“___2___ if your friends seem to
be out having fun, or are ___3___ and earning lots of money.”可知，下文说的场景与学习形成了反差，所以是
努力的完成学习上的任务。故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在
工作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. actually事实上；B. usually通常；C. especially
尤其地；D. generally大概。根据下文“if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are ___3___ and earning
lots of money.”可知，本句在强调。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在努力完成一项任务时，尤其是当你的朋友似乎出去玩了，或者正在
工作并赚了很多钱的时候，你可能会问自己这个问题。A. working工作；B. studying学习；C. wandering想
知道；D. living生活。根据下文“earning lots of money”工作才能 赚钱。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人选择上大学作为迈向好职业的第一步，但有时毕业生所受
的教育超出了工作所需的范围。A. education教育；B. life生活；C. marriage婚姻；D. career职业。根据常
识可知，上大学作为迈向好职业的第一步。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，根据一家机构进行的一项研究，从长远来看，学位会给你带来
更多的收入。A. degree学位；B. major专业；C. skill技能；D. patent专利。根据下文“A researcher says
that graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at otheruniversities after five years.”可知，即使是上了大学，学位的不同会导致收入的不同。故选A项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，你们的收入潜力也不同。A. changes 改变；B. difficulties困
难；C. improvements 提高；D. differences差异，不同。根据上文“a ___5___ will, in the long run, earn you
more.”可知，学位导致了不同的收入，所以收入潜力也不同。故选D项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，它发现不仅仅是地点，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。A.
Then然后；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Instead反而。根据句意可知，上下文为转折关系。故
选D项。
8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：反而，它发现不仅仅是地点，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。
A. involve in参与；B. contribute to有助于，导致；C. consist of由……组成；D. result from由…导致。根据
上文“it’s not just the location but other factors”可知，还有其他因素会导致了你的收入不同。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，法律和医学等专业的毕业生往往表现良好。A. happen发生；B. tend
倾向于，往往会；C. long渴望；D. manage管理。根据上文“graduates in subjects such as law and medicine”
可知，法律和医学作为热门和受尊重的行业收入可观。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他们的进步，这些职业与其他职业(如创意艺术)之间的薪酬差距也在
扩大。A. exists存在；B. disappears消失；C. widens加宽；D. varies变化。根据上文“And as they progress”
可知，法律和医学等专业在进步，所以收入差距与其他行业相比会增大。故选C项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的社会背景也会产生影响，来自重视教育家庭的学生更有可
能上大学，而且多半是一所好大学。A. religious宗教的；B. historical历史的；C. educational教育的；D.
social社会的。根据下文“with those from households highly valuing education”可知，这些都是社会背景。故
选D项。
12．考查词形容词义辨析。句意：此外，学生的社会背景也会产生影响，来自重视教育家庭的学生更有可
能上大学，而且多半是一所好大学。A. big大的；B. good好的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. public公共的。根
据上文“with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to university”可知，重视
教育家庭的学生多半上一所好大学。故选B项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你仍然觉得大学不能提供最好的工作机会，英国大学联合会主席
Alistair Jarvis的话令人鼓舞。他说，大学毕业生失业的可能性是非大学毕业生的一半。A. encouraging令人
鼓舞的；B. amazing令人惊讶的；C. sincere真诚的；D. scientific科学的。根据下文“who says that
graduates are half as likely to be ___14___ as non-graduates.”可知，这是鼓舞人心的话。故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你仍然觉得大学不能提供最好的工作机会，英国大学联合会主席
Alistair Jarvis的话令人鼓舞。他说，大学毕业生失业的可能性是非大学毕业生的一半。A. disrespected不尊
重的；B. distrusted不被信任的； C. unemployed失业的；D. unpaid无报酬的。Alistair Jarvis是支持上大学
的，所以他在拿失业率作比较。故选C项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以也许所有的学习都是有回报的——毕竟“一分耕耘，一分收获”!。
A. reliable可依赖的；B. favorable 有利的；良好的；C. interesting有趣的；D. rewarding有益的；值得做
的；报酬高的。根据下文“no pains, no gains”可知，学习是有回报的。故选D项。
2.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term. To prove this,Gillen’s team randomly assigned participants to three 16 . One rode an exercise bike at a moderate (中等
的) level of 17 for 45 minutes, three times per week. A second group did three times 18 the
10-minute high-intensity workouts. A third group 19 a control and did nothing.
After 12 weeks, both exercise groups had 20 their insulin (胰岛素) resistance and also increased
their 21 (as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise) by about 19 percent. The gains
were 22 between the groups, even though the group doing 23 workouts with high intensity
intervals had spent only about 22 percent as much 24 as the group doing traditional longer workouts. But
people in the second group do find these 25 interval exercise programs enjoyable enough to 26
.
Turning to shorter workouts is not just a way to 27 time. It can also help you continue to make
fitness 28 even when life gets in the 29 .
“Let’s say you have exams coming up or your job is 30 and you only have a couple of hours
perweek to exercise,” Androulakis-Korakakis says, “ 31 feeling like your strength and muscle will
32 , turning to a minimum-amount 33 can still help you continue 34 your body.”
“It’s hard to 35 that you don’t have 10 or 15 minutes that you can find. That’s just not checking
your email one more time or getting off social media,” de Lannoy says.
16．A．classes B．areas C．groups D．steps
17．A．achievement B．ability C．speed D．strength
18．A．weekly B．monthly C．daily D．yearly
19．A．related to B．served as C．applied for D．dealt with
20．A．prevented B．declined C．improved D．contained
21．A．judgment B．curiosity C．pleasure D．fitness
22．A．various B．similar C．contrary D．delicate
23．A．short B．familiar C．extreme D．gentle
24．A．camping B．counting C．calculating D．exercising
25．A．hard B．special C．fair D．free
26．A．advocate B．compare C．spread D．continue
27．A．exchange B．kill C．save D．steal
28．A．discoveries B．requirements C．choices D．gains
29．A．direction B．way C．sense D．distance
30．A．demanding B．rewarding C．comforting D．striking
31．A．Due to B．Instead of C．Apart from D．As for
32．A．disappear B．survive C．suffer D．form
33．A．response B．approach C．limitation D．grade
34．A．building B．checking C．recovering D．observing
35．A．predict B．inform C．confirm D．argue
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A
26．D 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过分组实验，证明短时间的高强度锻炼可以使你长期保持健康。建议大
家尽量利用一些零碎时间进行高强度的锻炼。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了证明这一点，吉伦的团队将参与者随机分为三组。A. classes班级；B.
areas地区；C. groups小组；D. steps步骤。根据下文的“one…”，“A second group…”和“A third group…”
可知，此处置将参与者分成三组。故选C。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一组以中等强度骑自行车45分钟，每周三次。A. achievement成就；
B. ability能力；C. speed速度；D. strength力量，强度。根据下文“high-intensity workouts”可知，第一组进
行的是中等强度的锻炼。故选D。
18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：第二组每周进行三次10分钟的高强度锻炼。A. weekly每周；B. monthly每
月；C. daily每天；D. yearly每年。根据上文“for 45 minutes, three times per week.”可知，此处表示每周地
锻炼。故选A。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三组作为对照组，什么也不做。A. related to与……有关；B. served as用
作，充当；C. applied for申请；D. dealt with处理。根据“a control and did nothing.”可知，第三组作为对照
组。故选B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：12周后，两个运动组都改善了他们的胰岛素抵抗力，健康值也增长了（根
据他们在运动中使用氧气的能力测量）约19%。A. prevented阻止；B. declined下降；C. improved提高；D.
contained包含。根据“also increased”可知，运动组的胰岛素抵抗力得到了改善。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. judgment评价；B. curiosity好奇心；C. pleasure快乐；D. fitness健
康。根据“as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise”可知，运动组健康值也得到了提高。
故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼的那一组只花费了传统长时间锻炼的
22%的时间，但两组之间的增益是相似的。A. various各种各样的；B. similar相似的；C. contrary相反的；
D. delicate精美的，脆弱的。根据上文“Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term.”推知，进行
高强度间歇性短时间锻炼的那一组和传统长时间锻炼那一组的增益是相似的。故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. short短的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. extreme极度的；D. gentle温柔
的。根据上文“A second group did three times 3 the 10-minute high-intensity workouts.”可知，这里
是进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意同7小题。A. camping露营；B. counting数数，重要；C. calculating计算；D.
exercising锻炼。此处对应“workouts”应该是锻炼。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但第二组的人确实觉得这些艰苦的间歇运动项目很有趣，愿意继续下
去。A. hard艰苦的；B. special特别的；C. fair公平的；D. free免费的，自由的。根据“the 10-minute high-
intensity workouts”可知，进行高强度间歇性短时间锻炼是艰苦的。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advocate提倡；B. compare比较；C. spread传播；D. continue继
续。根据“the second group do find these 1 0 interval exercise programs enjoyable”可知，因为觉得有
趣，所以能继续下去。故选D。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向更短时间的锻炼不仅是节省时间的一种方式。A. exchange交换；B.
kill杀死；C. save节省，拯救；D. steal偷。根据“workouts with high intensity intervals had spent only about
22 percent as much 9 as the group doing traditional longer workouts.”可知，更短时间的锻炼能节省
时间。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还可以帮助你继续获得健康增益，即使你整天忙得不可开交。A.
discoveries发现；B. requirements要求；C. choices选择；D. gains增加，利益。根据上文“The gains were
7 between the groups”可知，更短时间的锻炼可以帮助你获得持续的健康增益。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. direction方向；B. way方法；C. sense意识，意义；D. distance距
离。get in the way为固定搭配，意为“忙碌，妨碍”。结合表示转折意义的“even”可知，此处指即使工作
很忙，也可以从短时间高强度的锻炼中获得健康增益。故选B。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Androulakis-Korakakis说:“假设你即将考试，或者你的工作要求很高，而
你每周只有几个小时的锻炼时间。”A. demanding要求高的；B. rewarding值得的；C. comforting令人安慰
的；D. striking引人注目的。与上文的“you have exams coming up”对应，此处应该是工作要求苛刻。故选
A。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可
以帮助你强身健体”。A. Due to由于；B. Instead of代替，而不是；C. Apart from除……之外；D. As for至
于。根据“feeling like your strength and muscle will 1 7 ”可知，此处表示与其让你的体力和肌肉受
苦，不如转向短时高强度锻炼。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可
以帮助你强身健体”。A. disappear消失；B. survive幸存；C. suffer遭受，受苦；D. form形成。根据“It
can also help you continue to make fitness 1 3 even when life gets in the 1 4 .”可知，当生活忙
得不可开交的时候，选择最少量的锻炼能避免体力和肌肉受苦。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可
以帮助你强身健体”。A. response回应；B. approach方法；C. limitation限制；D. grade成绩。根据上文
“Turning to shorter workouts”可知，此处建议采取最少量的锻炼方法。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“与其让你的体力和肌肉受苦，不如采取最少量的锻炼方法，这样仍然可
以帮助你强身健体”。A. building建立；B. checking检查；C. recovering恢复；D. observing观察。根据“It
can also help you continue to make fitness 1 3 even when life gets in the 1 4 .”可知，更短时间
的锻炼能够帮助你强身健体，build one's body“强身健体”。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难说你没有10到15分钟的空闲时间。A. predict预测；B. inform通知；
C. confirm证实；D. argue争论，证明。根据“That’s just not checking your email one more time or getting off
social media”可知，此处表明10到15分钟的空闲时间还是能找到的。故选D。
3.（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially
children. They count the days and can’t wait to send 36 to their friends, in hope of getting together and
enjoying a birthday cake. 37 , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there
who never 38 to celebrate it. They find the day as 39 as any other day. Nothing in their
routine changes in the name of 40 .This may be common in those who are in their 50’s or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a
41 that is going on and on and at a 42 pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every
passing year 43 the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do so
and they can’t 44 it. Their birthday is nothing more than 45 news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just
don’t want to be the 46 of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part
of the crowd. Birthdays are 47 to this feeling as they bring sudden 48 to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 49 of money. Their logic is, why lose
the hard-earned 50 for the pleasure of three to four hours?
36．A．blessings B．greetings C．invitation D．gratitude
37．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
38．A．long B．refuse C．remember D．manage
39．A．normal B．active C．exciting D．busy
40．A．leisure B．celebration C．sympathy D．admiration
41．A．reality B．dream C．story D．journey
42．A．consistent B．slower C．faster D．steadier
43．A．cuts up B．builds up C．takes up D．breaks up
44．A．help B．get C．make D．put
45．A．wonderful B．awful C．unexpected D．rare
46．A．pride B．example C．focus D．burden
47．A．familiar B．fundamental C．similar D．contrary
48．A．shelter B．attention C．sign D．appearance
49．A．budget B．collection C．waste D．lack
50．A．reputation B．rest C．time D．salary
【答案】
36．C 37．D 38．A 39．A 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．B
46．C 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有的人不热衷于庆祝生日的原因。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们数着日子，迫不及待地向朋友发 出邀请，希望能聚在一起享受生日
蛋糕。A. blessings祝福；B. greetings问候；C. invitation邀请；D. gratitude 感激。根据下文“in hope of
getting together and enjoying a birthday cake.”可知，他们迫不及待的想邀请朋友一起过生日。故选C。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是每个人都对生日感到兴奋。A. Anyway无论如何；B. Besides
此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文“Generally, most people feel delighted when
birthday comes, especially children.”及下文“not everyone is excited about birthday.”可知，前后句为转折关
系。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外面有许多人从不渴望庆祝它。A. long渴望；B. refuse 拒绝；C.
remember记住；D. manage设法完成。根据上文“not everyone is excited about birthday.”可知，外面有许多人从不渴望庆祝生日。故选A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现这一天和其他任何一 天一样平常。A. normal正常的，平常
的；B. active积极的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. busy忙的。根据下文“Nothing in their routine changes in
the name of ___5___.”可知，这一天和其他任何一天一样平常。故选A。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的日常生活中没有任何以庆祝为名的改变。A. leisure休闲；B.
celebration庆祝；C. sympathy同情；D. admiration羡慕。根据上文“There are many people out there who
never ___3___ to celebrate it. ”可知，他们没有以庆祝的名义进行任何改变。故选B。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅
程。A. reality事实；B. dream梦；C. story故事；D. journey旅行。根据空后“that is going on and on and at a
__7___pace”可知，对于这些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅程。故选D。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的
旅程。A. consistent一致的；B. slower更慢的；C. faster更快的；D. steadier更稳定的。根据下文“They feel
like losing control of their time and every passing year ___8____ the fear of dying soon.”可知，生活变成了一场
不停地以更快的速度进行的旅行。故选C。
43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们觉得自己失去了对时间的控制，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。
A. cuts up切碎；B. builds up建立，逐渐的增长；C. takes up开始从事；D. breaks up分手。根据空后“the
fear of dying soon”可知，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有些人就是这样做的，他们也没法控制。A. help帮助；B. get得到；C.
make制作；D. put放置。根据上文“They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year ___8____
the fear of dying soon.”可知，尽管这些人对生日有恐惧，但生日该来还是来，他们也没法控制。故选A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的生日对他们来说只不过是个糟糕的消息。A. wonderful美好的；
B. awful糟糕的；C. unexpected难以预料的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“They feel like losing control of their
time and every passing year ___8____ the fear of dying soon.”可知，他们的生日对他们来说只不过 是个糟糕
的消息。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是不想成为别人的焦点。A. pride自豪；B. example例子；C. focus
焦点；D. burden负担。根据上文“Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible
reason on this earth.”可知，他们不想成为别人的焦点。故选C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. familiar熟悉的；
B. fundamental基础的；C. similar相似的；D. contrary相反的。根据上文“They just don’t want to be the
___11___of others.”可知，生日与这种感觉相反。故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. shelter避难所；B.
attention注意力；C. sign标志；D. appearance出 现。根据上文“Birthdays are ___12___ to this feeling as
they bring sudden”可知，生日会引起他人的注意。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有另一部分人认为这是浪费钱。A. budget预算；B. collection收藏品；C.
waste浪费；D. lack缺乏。根据下文“Their logic is, why lose the hard-earned ___15___ for the pleasure of
three to four hours?”可知，有人认为过生日是浪费钱。故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的逻辑是，为什么要为了三到四个小时的快感而失去辛苦挣来的薪水呢？A. reputation名声；B. rest休息；C. time时间；D. salary工资，薪水。根据空前“the hard-earned”可
知，此处指辛苦挣来的薪水。故选D。
题型二 科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
4.（23-24高三·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy
came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 51 in the way it happens on television.
Most people drown quite 52 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the evening,
LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 53 one breath. At some moment, as he was
doing this, he became unconscious. 54 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the pool.
LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 55 with an electronic surveillance system called
Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching
the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 56 people as they swim. The cameras are
connected to a computer. It is 57 to recognize 58 a swimmer is not moving normally. The
lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 59 when the computer detected a
possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the
pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 60 .
Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine
was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change
will be just as great. It is 61 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 62 for drowning
people, for 63 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a
baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 64 quiet signals
to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes,
more and more of our lives will be 65 by machines. They will know all about us.
51．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
52．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
53．A．in B．within C．over D．on
54．A．No matter howB．However C．Whoever D．Whatever
55．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
56．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
57．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
58．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
59．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted60．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
61．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
62．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
63．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
64．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
65．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
【答案】
51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．B 56．B 57．C 58．B 59．B 60．D
61．D 62．A 63．A 64．D 65．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了Poseidon电子监控系统如何改变我们的生活方式，以及它如何帮助拯救溺
水者的生命。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们溺水时，他们通常不会像电视上那样大喊大叫、四处扑腾。A.
splash拍水；B. cry哭泣；C. yell大喊；D. scream尖叫。根据后文“Most people drown quite ,
with the person quickly sinking beneath the water.”可知，大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下，所以不
会大喊大叫、四处扑腾。故选A项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下。A. soon很快；B. quietly安静
地；C. silently无声地；D. simply仅仅。根据前文“they don’t usually shout”可知，不会大喊大叫，所以沉
默无声地。故选C项。
53．考查介词词义辨析。句意：晚上，LeRoy正在测试他一口气能在水下游多远。A. in在……里面；B.
within在内部；C. over在……期间；D. on在……上。根据后文“one breath”可知，此处是固定搭配：on
one breath意为“一口气”。故选D项。
54．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：无论他怎么努力，他都无法呼吸。A. No matter how不管怎样；B.
However不管怎样；C. Whoever无论是谁；D. Whatever无论什么。根据后文“he tried he couldn’t breathe”
可知，此处表达“不管怎样”之意，又However是比较正式的用语，大都用于书面语，口语中较少使用；
no matter how则比较口语化，它的语势比however重，故常用在强调的场合。故选B项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，游泳池安装了一个名为“波塞冬”的电子监控系统。A.
established建立；B. installed安装；C. set设置；D. equipped装备。根据后文“an electronic surveillance
system”可知，电子监控系统应该是被安装在游泳池。故选B项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：波塞冬有水下摄像机，可以拍摄人们游泳的过程。A. show显示；B. film
拍摄；C. propagate传播；D. outline概述。根据前文“Poseidon has underwater cameras”可知，摄像机是用
来拍摄的。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. postulated假
设；B. made制造；C. programmed编写程序；D. relayed转发。根据前文“an electronic surveillance system
called Poseidon”可知，Poseidon是一个电子监控系统，所以应是被编程。故选C项。
58．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. whether是
否；B. when当……时；C. while与……同时；D. if如果。根据后文“a swimmer is not moving normally.”可
知，此处表达“当游泳者不正常移动时”之意。故选B项。59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安塞尼斯游泳池的救生员都戴着一种特殊的设备，当电脑检测到可能出现
的问题时，它就会发出哔哔声。A. alarmed使担心；B. beeped发出哔哔声；C. warned警告；D. alerted使警
惕。根据前文“The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device”可知，救生员带着装置，由常
识推断，这个装置应是提醒救生员有人需要救援，所以应是发出哔哔声进行提醒。故选B项。
60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院住了一夜之后，他完全康复出院了。A. healthy健康的；B. normal
正常的；C. safe安全的；D. well状态良好。根据后文“Poseidon had saved his life.”可知，波塞冬救了他的
命，所以他是完全恢复了。故选D项。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A. always总是；B. merely仅；C. readily乐意地；D.
already已经。根据前文“Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your
grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced.”可知，作者的举例都是已发生的事。
故选D项。
62．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患
者。A. watch out提防；B. take care当心；C. look back回顾；D. go over仔细检查。根据后文“for drowning
people, for carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients.”可知，对于溺水的人，超速驾驶
的司机和心脏病患者都应该小心。故选A项。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患
者。A. terrorists恐怖分子；B. invalids病弱者；C. senators参议员；D. tyrants暴君。根据后文“carrying
bombs”可知，携带炸弹，应是恐怖分子。故选A项。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，机器向附近的计算机发送安静的信号，这些计算机将向你的医
生、律师和当地警察发送信息。A. will send将发送；B. to send去发送；C. send发送；D. sending发送。分
析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词Imagine，所以send用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语machines之间是主动
关系，用现在分词形式。故选D项。
65．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。A. recorded记录；
B. checked检查；C. monitored监视；D. supervised监督。根据前文“Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s
breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines quiet signals to nearby
computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police.”可知，我们越来越多的
生活将被机器监控。故选C项。
5.（23-24高三·山东德州·阶段练习）Holland is famous for being bike friendly. Recently, the world’s first
plastic bike path has been 66 in the Dutch city of Zwolle, a 100- foot bike path made of recycled plastic.
The company that created the path, PlasticRoad, says their 67 of making roads is better in many
ways than asphalt(沥青) roads. PlasticRoad creates its roads 68 in a factory. All the pieces are the same.
Since the plastic pieces are light, they are easy to 69 . To make the road, a special truck 70 drives
along and lays down the pieces, almost like 71 bricks in a sidewalk. This makes it much 72 to make
than an asphalt road.
PlasticRoad thinks their road will 73 three times as long as an asphalt road. If part of it breaks, it is
easy to take out the broken section, and 74 it. The broken section can then be recycled 75 and turnedinto a road again.
The plastic roads are hollow(中空的) below, allowing rainwater to flow away, instead of 76 the street.
The hollow area also makes it easy to 77 pipes under the road.
Many people think this is a 78 way to recycle plastic, but some are worried. One of the biggest 79
is what will happen to the bits of plastic that break off as the path is used. The company is planning another test,
hoping to find 80 .
66．A．destroyed B．decorated C．widened D．created
67．A．secret B．way C．goal D．refusal
68．A．halves B．pairs C．groups D．pieces
69．A．break B．keep C．move D．shape
70．A．clumsily B．simply C．naturally D．difficultly
71．A．putting B．finding C．picking D．making
72．A．earlier B．harder C．faster D．cheaper
73．A．save B．take C．last D．count
74．A．replace B．sell C．recycle D．examine
75．A．in private B．at times C．on time D．once more
76．A．crossing B．blocking C．flooding D．deserting
77．A．control B．run C．below D．prepare
78．A．ridiculous B．conventional C．common D．creative
79．A．concerns B．challenges C．burdens D．disasters
80．A．users B．solutions C．similarities D．volunteers
【答案】
66．D 67．B 68．D 69．C 70．B 71．A 72．C 73．C 74．A 75．D
76．C 77．B 78．D 79．A 80．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰利用回收的废塑料建成了世界上第一条塑料自行车道，
这条路与传统的沥青道路相比有很多优点，但也存在不足。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，世界上第一条塑料自行车道在荷兰城市兹沃勒建成，这是一条由回
收塑料制成的100英尺长的自行车道。A. destroyed毁坏；B. decorated装饰；C. widened变宽；D. created
创建。根据下文“The company that created the path”可知，世界上第一条塑料自行车道在荷兰城市兹沃勒被
建成了。故选D项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：创建这条道路的PlasticRoad公司表示，他们的道路制作方式在很多方面都
比柏油路更好。A. secret秘密；B. way方式；C. goal目标；D. refusal拒绝。根据下文“is better in many
ways than asphalt roads”可知，这里说他们建造公路的方式。故选B项。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：PlasticRoad在工厂中创建道路碎片。A. halves一半；B. pairs一对；C.
groups组；D. pieces碎片。根据下文“All the pieces are the same”可知，PlasticRoad在工厂中创建的是道路
碎片。故选D项。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于塑料片很轻，所以很容易移动。A. break折断；B. keep保持；C. move移动；D. shape塑造。根据上文“Since the plastic pieces are light”可知，由于塑料片很轻，所以很容易移
动。故选C项。
70．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了修路，一辆特殊的卡车只需行驶并放下碎片，就像在人行道上放砖一
样。A. clumsily笨拙地；B. simply仅仅；只；C. naturally自然地；D. difficultly困难的。根据下文“almost
like___6____bricks in a sidewalk”可知，修建这条路就像在人行路上放砖一样，故卡车只需要行驶并放下碎
片。故选B项。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了修路，一辆特殊的卡车只需行驶并放下碎片，就像在人行道上放砖一
样。A. putting放；B. finding发现；C. picking捡起；D. making制作。根据上文“lays down the pieces”可
知，这里是指就像放砖一样。故选A项。
72．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这使得它比修建柏油路更快。A. earlier更早；B. harder更难；C. faster更
快；D. cheaper更便宜。根据上文“almost like ___6____ bricks in a sidewalk”可知，修建这条路程序比较简
单，就像在人行道上放砖一样，故建造的速度更快。故选C项。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：PlasticRoad认为他们的路的使用寿命是柏油路的三倍。A. save节省；B.
take拿走；C. last持续；D. count重要。根据下文“If part of it breaks, it is easy to take out the broken section,
and___9____it. The broken section can then be recycled___10____and turned into a road again”可知，如果它的
一部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。然后，断裂的部分可以再次回收，并再次变成道路，故这
种路经久耐用，持续时间长。故选C项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它的一部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。A. replace更换；
B. sell卖；C. recycle回收；D. examine检查。根据上文“If part of it breaks, it is easy to take out the broken
section”可知，如果它的一部分断裂，很容易将断裂的部分取出并更换。故选A项。
75．考查副词短语辨析。句意：然后，断裂的部分可以再次回收，并再次变成道路。A. in private私下地；
B. at times不时地；C. on time准时；D. once more再次。根据下文“turned into a road again”可知，断裂的
部分可以被再次回收。故选D项。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：塑料路的下面是中空的，雨水可以流走，而不是淹没街道。A. crossing交
叉；B. blocking阻挡；C. flooding淹没；D. deserting抛弃。根据上文“The plastic roads are hollow below,
allowing rainwater to flow away”可知，塑料路的下面是中空的，雨水可以流走，故雨水不会淹没街道。故选
C项。
77．考查动词和介词词义辨析。句意：中空区域也易于在道路下方铺设管道。A. control控制；B. run跑；
C. below在……下面；D. prepare准备。根据上文“The hollow area also makes it easy”可知，中空区域也易
于在道路下方铺设管道。故选B项。
78．考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为这是一种创造性的塑料回收方式，但也有人担心。A.
ridiculous荒谬的；B. conventional传统的；C. common常见的；D. creative创造性的。根据下文“but some
are worried”可知，but表转折，故空处应是含褒义的形容词。故选D项。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的担忧之一是在使用路径时脱落的塑料碎片会发生什么。A. concerns
担忧；B. challenges挑战；C. burdens重担；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“but some are worried”可知，这里
是说人们最大的担心之一。故选A项。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司正计划进行另一次测试，希望能找到解决方案。A. users用户；B.solutions解决方案；C. similarities相同点；D. volunteers志愿者。根据上文“The company is planning
another test”可知，该公司正计划进行另一次测试，应是希望能找到解决上述问题的方案。故选B项。
6.（23-24高三·湖南·阶段练习）Here we will introduce you to a new kind of car—the first fully electric
vehicle that can both fly and 81 on roads. Our “Model A”, is the first flying vehicle that is 82
on public roads and able to 83 like a normal car. It also has vertical take-off and landing capabilities. It
84 will be able to carry one or two occupants in its limited space available. We expect to sell the vehicle for
300, 000 each with the first 85 projected by the end of 2025. The FAA confirmed that it has 86
our company a special airworthiness certificate (适航证) , allowing for limited 87 that include
exhibition, research and development.
Numerous companies are working on all-electric VTOLs, which 88 vertical take-off and landing
aircraft. However, our vehicle is 89 because of its ability to 90 both on roads and in the air.
Our flying car will be certified as a(n) “ 91 speed vehicle”, which means it won’t be able to go
faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road. The 92 is that, if a driver needs a faster route,
he/she will use our flight capabilities. Regardless, it also still needs 93 from the National Highway
Traffic Safe Administration to go on roads. An 94 automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of
the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a full-size prototype (原型车) was 95 the following
year. But we still needed the FAA’s special airworthiness certificate to continue conducting the necessary research
and development.
81．A．float B．land C．travel D．rely
82．A．drivable B．adjustable C．avoidable D．approachable
83．A．change B．update C．shift D．park
84．A．similarly B．apparently C．luckily D．permanently
85．A．delivery B．movement C．investigation D．resistance
86．A．awarded B．denied C．issued D．spared
87．A．reforms B．purposes C．improvements D．researches.
88．A．consist of B．add to C．result in D．stand for
89．A．common B．efficient C．different D．abstract
90．A．function B．fight C．circle D．experiment
91．A．terrific B．low C．average D．ideal
92．A．proof B．background C．conflict D．assumption
93．A．interview B．cooperation C．donation D．approval
94．A．annual B．initial C．aimless D．environmental
95．A．flown B．bought C．recycled D．submitted
【答案】
81．C 82．A 83．D 84．B 85．A 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．C 90．A
91．B 92．D 93．D 94．B 95．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型汽车——第一辆既能飞行又能上路行驶的纯电动汽车。具体
介绍了这种纯电汽车的功能、预计售价以及成功试飞的情况。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这里，我们将向您介绍一种新型汽车——第一辆既能飞行又能上路行驶
的纯电动汽车。A. float漂流；B. land着陆；C. travel旅行，行驶；D. rely依靠。根据下文“on roads”可
知，这种纯电汽车能在陆地上行驶。故选C项。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的“A型”是第一款可以在公共道路上行驶并能像普通汽车一样停
车的飞行车辆。A. drivable可驱动的，可驾驶的；B. adjustable可调节的；C. avoidable可避免的；D.
approachable平易近人的。根据下文“on public roads”可知在道路上这种汽车是可以驾驶的。故选A项。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. change更改；B. update更新；C. shift转换；D. park停车。根据
上文“that is__3_on public roads”以及下文“like a normal car”可知，这种纯电动汽车能像正常汽车一样在道
路上行驶，也能正常停车。故选D项。
84．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，在限的可用空间内，它可以载一两个人。A. similarly同样地；B.
apparently显然地；C. luckily幸运地；D. permanently永久地。根据下文“be able to carry one or two
occupants in its limited space available”可知，在有限的空间里只能乘坐一两个人，这是很显然的。故选B
项。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们预计这款车的售价为每辆30万英镑，预计到2025年底将首次交付。
A. delivery递送，交付；B. movement动作；C. investigation调查；D. resistance反对。根据下文“projected
by the end of 2025”可知，2025年是这款汽车的首次交付使用。故选A项。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国联邦航空局证实，它已向我们公司颁发了特别适航证。A. awarded授
予；B. denied否定；C. issued发行，颁发；D. spared抽出。根据下文“a special airworthiness certificate (适
航证)”可知，此处指的是颁发证书。故选C项。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：允许用于有限的目的，包括展览、研究和开发。A. reforms改革；B.
purposes目的；C. improvements改进；D. researches研究。根据下文“exhibition, research and development.”
可知，此处指的是这个证书的应用范围以及目的。故选B项。
88．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多公司都在研究纯VTOL，也就是垂直起降飞机。A. consist of由……组
成；B. add to增加；C. result in导致；D. stand for代表。根据下文“vertical take-off and landing aircraft”可
知，VTOL是“vertical take-off and landing aircraft”的首字母缩写。故选D项。
89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的车辆不同，因为它既能在道路上工作，也能在空中工作。
A. common普通的；B. efficient高效的；C. different不同的；D. abstract抽象的。根据上文
“which ____8____ vertical take-off and landing aircraft”以及下文“because of its ability to __10_both on roads
and in the air. ”可知，这里是把VTOL和这种纯电汽车进行了比较，这是这种纯电汽车的不同之处。故选C
项。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. function运转；B. fight战斗；C. circle环行，转圈；D. experiment
实验。根据下文“both on roads and in the air.”可知，这种车辆有在道路上和空中运转/工作的能力。故选A
项。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的飞行汽车将被认证为慢速车辆”，这意味着它在铺装路面上的
时速不会超过25英里。A. terrific了不起的；B. low低的；C. average平均的；D. ideal理想的。根据下文“which means it won’t be able to go faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road.”可知，这种纯电汽车
行驶速度很慢。故选B项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：假设如果驾驶员需要更快的路线，他或者她将使用我们的飞行能力。A.
proof证据；B. background背景；C. conflict冲突；D. assumption假定。根据下文“if a driver needs a faster
route, he/she will use our flight capabilities”可知，这是一种假设。故选D项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它还需要国家公路交通安全管理局的许可才能上路。A.
interview面试；B. cooperation合作；C. donation捐赠；D. approval批准。根据下文“from the National
Highway Traffic Safe Administration to go on roads”可知，驾驶员要开得快，还必须获得国家公路交通安全管
理局的批准。故选D项。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2018年，该车框架版本的首次自动试飞成功进行，第二年，一架全尺寸
原型机试飞。A. annual每年一次的；B. initial初始的；C. aimless漫无目的的；D. environmental环境的。根
据下文“automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a
full-size prototype (原型车) was ____15____ the following year.”可知，2018年的框架版试飞是第一次。故选
B项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flown飞；B. bought买；C. recycled回收；D. submitted提交。根据
前文“An ____14____ automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of the car was successfully conducted in
2018,”可知，此处指的是这种纯电汽车的试飞。故选A项。
题型三 人与动植物类说明文的考查
7.（2024·贵州·一模）A year ago, Hialeah Gardens High School student Wendy Chai met Snowball, the
American Eskimo dog. Chai, who is 16 years old, was 96 with anxiety and depression when she was 13,
but thanks to an 97 started at her high school in Hialeah Gardens, Florida, she has relied on Snowball to
help her 98 the day.
The program, S. A．F. E. (Support Animals for Everyone), was 99 by students at her school in 2022.
It 100 certain students to bring support animals to school and also makes support animals 101 to
students and staff during school hours. The students presented their project to the Aspen Challenge in Miami. The
initiative won the third place.
S.A．F.E President Naomi Gallardo, 17, explained that 102 to animals helps students relax after
exams. “We bring different types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our 103 and
fancies,” Naomi said. “We host annual occasions 104 at addressing mental health.”
For many, talking about mental health is 105 due to the negative stereotypes and social 106
surrounding the issue. The presence of a trained animal as emotional support 107 helps to break down that
psychological 108 .
By providing students with various support animals and 109 dialogue, S.A．F.E. continues to create
a safer and more 110 environment for all.
96．A．diagnosed B．annoyed C．walked D．helped
97．A．experiment B．opportunity C．initiative D．experience98．A．go across B．pass by C．get along D．get through
99．A．informed B．launched C．discovered D．transformed
100．A．forbids B．allows C．facilitates D．discourages
101．A．available B．convenient C．reliable D．responsible
102．A．limitation B．opposition C．exposure D．similarity
103．A．facts B．items C．conditions D．preferences
104．A．stared B．glared C．aimed D．arrived
105．A．simple B．tough C．rough D．delicate
106．A．pride B．patience C．generosity D．prejudice
107．A．seldom B．usually C．regularly D．rarely
108．A．barrier B．access C．connection D．bridge
109．A．recording B．interesting C．encouraging D．controlling
110．A．supportive B．critical C．cooperative D．independent
【答案】
96．A 97．C 98．D 99．B 100．B 101．A 102．C 103．D 104．C
105．B 106．D 107．B 108．A 109．C 110．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为S. A. F. E.的组织，通过为学生提供支持动物，来帮助
学生解决心理健康问题。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：16岁的柴在13岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里
达州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. diagnosed诊断；B.
annoyed惹恼；C. walked走路；D. helped帮助。根据后文“with anxiety and depression”指她被诊断出患有
焦虑症和抑郁症，故选A。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：16岁的柴在13岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里
达州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. experiment实验；B.
opportunity机会；C. initiative倡议；D. experience经历。此处指后文“The program, S. A. F. E.(Support
Animals for Everyone)”提到的高中发起的一项倡议，用动物来为人提供情感支持。故选C。
98．考查动词短语辨析。句意：16岁的柴在13岁时被诊断出患有焦虑症和抑郁症，但多亏了她在佛罗里
达州海厄利亚花园高中时发起的一项倡议，她依靠雪球帮助她度过了每一天。A. go across横穿；B. pass by
经过；C. get along相处；D. get through度过。根据后文“the day”指宠物帮助她度过了每一天。故选D。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个项目名为S. A. F. E.(支持每个人的动物)，是她所在学校的学生在2022
年发起的。A. informed通知；B. launched启动，发起；C. discovered发现；D. transformed转换。根据后文
“by students at her school”指项目是由学生发起的，故选B。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它允许某些学生把支持动物带到学校，也使支持动物在上课时间提供给
学生和工作人员。A. forbids禁止；B. allows允许；C. facilitates促进；D. discourages使沮丧。根据后文
“certain students to bring support animals to school”项目允许某些学生把动物带到学校。故选B。
101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它允许某些学生把支持动物带到学校，也使支持动物在上课时间提供
给学生和工作人员。A. available可用的；B. convenient方便的；C. reliable可靠的；D. responsible负责的。根据后文“to students and staff during school hours”此处指学生和员工可以在上课时间接触到自己的动物，
make sth available to sb表示“使……可以使用……”。故选A。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：S.A.F.E主席、17岁的娜奥米·加拉多解释说，与动物接触有助于学生在考
试后放松。A. limitation限制；B. opposition反对；C. exposure暴露；D. similarity相似性。根据后文“to
animals helps students relax after exams”指接触动物有助于考试后放松。故选C。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：娜奥米说：“根据我们的喜好，我们会带来不同种类的动物——狗、
猫、兔子、蛇。”A. facts事实；B. items物品；C. conditions条件；D. preferences偏爱，喜好。根据上文
“different types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our”可知动物的种类是根据喜好来安排
的。故选D。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每年都会举办旨在解决心理健康问题的活动。A. stared凝视；B.
glared怒视；C. aimed目的；D. arrived到达。根据后文“addressing mental health”可知，这些活动的目的旨
在解决心理健康问题。故选C。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，谈论心理健康是很困难的，因为围绕这个问题的负面
刻板印象和社会偏见。A. simple简单的；B. tough艰难的；C. rough粗糙的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据后文
“due to the negative stereotypes”可知，因为负面刻板印象，谈论心理健康是很困难的，故选B。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，谈论心理健康是很困难的，因为围绕这个问题的负面刻
板印象和社会偏见。A. pride骄傲；B. patience耐心；C. generosity慷慨；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“due
to the negative stereotypes and social”此处指针对心机健康问题的负面评价，包括负面刻板印象和社会偏见。
故选D。
107．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一只受过训练的动物作为情感支持的存在通常有助于打破这种心理障
碍。A. seldom几乎不；B. usually通常；C. regularly定期地；D. rarely很少。根据后文“helps to break
down”以及常识，动物通常有助于打破情感障碍，容易和人亲近。故选B。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一只受过训练的动物作为情感支持的存在通常有助于打破这种心理障
碍。A. barrier障碍；B. access接近；C. connection连接；D. bridge桥梁。根据上文“helps to break down
that psychological”动物有助于打破心理障碍，给予情感支持。故选A。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生提供各种各样的支持动物和鼓励对话，S.A.F.E.继续为所有人
创造一个更安全、更支持性的环境。A. recording记录；B. interesting使感兴趣；C. encouraging鼓励；D.
controlling控制。根据上文“By providing students with various support animals and”可知，这个组织主要是为
了给学生提供支持动物和鼓励对话，来促进心机健康的。故选C。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生提供各种各样的支持动物和鼓励对话，S.A.F.E.继续为所有
人创造一个更安全、更支持性的环境。A. supportive支持的；B. critical重要的；C. cooperative合作的；D.
independent独立的。根据上文“with various support animals”可知，提供支持动物也是为了创造更安全、更
支持性的环境。故选A。
8.（23-24 高三·河南·阶段练习）Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a
chicken, we catch a glimpse (一瞥) of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the 111 are just right to promote life for
that little chick. She must lay it in a 112 spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to 113 .In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often 114 . As
the egg begins to crack and slowly break 115 , what you will not see is the mother hen 116 the
chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 117 , pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother
hen will not do the 118 for it.
At this point, someone can see the 119 of this chick and think the mother does not 120 her
young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 121 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a
thing really happens, often this person 122 does not save the chick’s life but rather 123 its
death.
This 124 stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the 125 that
will allow it to live and thrive (茁壮成长).
111．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances
112．A．safe B．remote C．shady D．new
113．A．hatch B．live C．move D．continue
114．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．overlooked
115．A．up B．open C．free D．away
116．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging
117．A．rolls B．knocks C．jumps D．shakes
118．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same
119．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle
120．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up
121．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread
122．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely
123．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents
124．A．beginning B．developing C．resting D．falling
125．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength
【答案】
111．C 112．A 113．A 114．D 115．B 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．D
120．B 121．B 122．C 123．B 124．A 125．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在小鸡的孵化和成长中，破壳的阶段至关重要但经常被人们忽视，小鸡需要通
过自己的努力破壳，这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长，如果有人因为想要帮助
小鸡而擅自去除了蛋壳，这会导致雏鸡的死亡。文章对此进行了介绍。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你看，当母鸡下蛋时，她会努力确保条件合适，以促进小鸡的存活率。A.
actions行动；B. experiences经历；C. conditions条件；D. chances机会。根据“are just right to promote life
for that little chick”可知，此处是指确保条件合适。故选C。
112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她必须把它下在一个安全的地方。A. safe安全的；B. remote遥远的；
C. shady阴凉的；D. new新的。根据“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，此处是指必须把
蛋下在安全的地方。故选A。113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还必须给蛋加热才能孵化。A. hatch孵化；B. live居住；C. move移
动；D. continue继续。根据“apply heat to the egg”可知，此处是指孵蛋。故选A。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这只小鸡的生活中，有一点是必要的，但却经常被忽视。A. evaluated
评估；B. checked检查；C. made制作；D. overlooked忽视。根据后文“there comes a point that is necessary
but”可知，此处是指必要但经常被忽视。故选D。
115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. up
在高处；B. open打开的；C. free免费的；D. away（球队比赛）客场的。根据“As the egg begins to crack
and slowly break”可知，此处是指当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时。故选B。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. urging
敦促；B. preferring偏爱；C. assisting帮助；D. encouraging鼓励。根据后文“This person can then seek to
help the chick(然后这个人可能会想要帮助小鸡)”可知，此处是指不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。故选C。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A. rolls翻滚；
B. knocks敲击；C. jumps跳；D. shakes摇晃。根据“pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指摇晃。
故选D。
118．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A.
work工作；B. harm伤害；C. exercise锻炼；D. same相同的。根据前文“what you will not see is the mother
hen assisting the chick to get the shell off”可知，此处是指母鸡不会帮小鸡做破壳这项工作。故选A。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A.
depression抑郁；B. confusion困惑；C. growth成长；D. struggle挣扎。根据前文“No matter how hard the
chick shakes, pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指看到这只小鸡的挣扎。故选D。
120．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A.
take in吸收；B. care about关心；C. play with摆弄；D. bring up抚养。根据前文“No matter how hard the
chick shakes, pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do the work for it.”可知，此处是指认为妈
妈不关心她的孩子。故选B。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后这个人可能会帮助小鸡，把蛋壳的碎片弄掉。A. collect收集；B.
remove去除；C. throw扔掉；D. spread传播。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处
是指帮小鸡弄掉蛋壳。故选B。
122．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小
鸡的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. carelessly粗心地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. unknowingly不知不觉
地；D. purposely故意地。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处是指这个人在不知道
的情况下导致了小鸡的死亡。故选C。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小
鸡的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. slows放缓；B. causes导致；C. faces面对；D. prevents阻止。根据
“does not save the chick’s life but rather”可知，此处是指导致了小鸡的死亡。故选B。
124．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个开始阶段对小鸡来说至关重要。A. beginning开始的；B.
developing发展中的；C. resting静止的；D. falling下降的。根据前文“As the egg begins to crack”可知，此
处是指开始阶段。故选A。125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长。A. nutrition营养；
B. health健康；C. luck好运；D. strength力量。根据前文“No matter how hard the chick shakes, pushes and
strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量。故选D。
9.（23-24高三·上海·期中）In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through
traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and
trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫
的) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge 126 for
noise.
When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades
ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was 127 . “People told me it’s foolish to even
try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.”
But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to 128 environmental rules that had allowed loud music
late into the night during a festival. 129 , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters of
schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on her
own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006.
The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human 130 , affecting not only
hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s 131
city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did
find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.
In recent years, the battle against noise has become increasingly 132 , with Abdulali often facing
powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing 133 , ever more
people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12
million, demand for housing puts noise rules 134 development plans. Although sound barriers are required
for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers 135 installing them.
Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to
permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Luckily, 136 can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use,
which would let officials offer 137 drivers rewards like deductions (扣除) on car insurance. Dynamic
signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and 138 the
urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also 139 . Mumbai decreed (颁布) India’s first “No-
Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines
up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists.
Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists
should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our 140 noise
itself is beyond the allowed limit.”
126．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance
127．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing
128．A．take advantage of B．put an end to C．lay emphasis on D．throw light on129．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However
130．A．well-being B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior
131．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest
132．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy
133．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience
134．A．in pace with B．in contact with C．in league with D．in conflict with
135．A．recommend B．justify C．resist D．advocate
136．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology
137．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert
138．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain
139．A．steps in B．takes over C．cuts in D．takes off
140．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background
【答案】
126．D 127．C 128．B 129．C 130．A 131．C 132．A 133．C 134．D
135．C 136．B 137．A 138．C 139．A 140．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孟买的噪音非常大，人们开始采取措施减少噪音污染。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。A. talent天赋；B. potential潜力；
C. demand需求；D. tolerance容忍。根据上文“In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers
edge through traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks.
Drumbeats and trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by
bellowing street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs.”可知，孟买的噪音很多，所以住在孟买
需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。故选D。
127．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当Sumaira Abdulali开始在印度金融首都开展反对噪音污染的
运动时，朋友、熟人甚至她的律师都坚称这很愚蠢。A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. reasonable合理的；C.
ridiculous愚蠢的；D. depressing令人沮丧的。根据下文“People told me it’s foolish to even try, because
Indians love noise,”可知，此处表示Abdulali的朋友、熟人甚至律师都认为Abdulali反对噪音污染的运动是
愚蠢的。故选C。
128．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在2003年，Abdulali赢得了一场诉讼，该诉讼旨在结束允许音乐节期
间大声播放到深夜的环境规定。A. take advantage of利用；B. put an end to结束；C. lay emphasis on强调；
D. throw light on阐明。根据上文“When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s
financial capital two decades ago,”以及下文“environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night
during a festival.”可知，Abdulali反对噪音污染，所以这场诉讼是为了结束允许音乐节期间大声播放到深夜
的环境规定。故选B。
129．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随后，她凭借自己和2006年成立的Awaaz基金会（Awaaz在印地语中的
意思是“噪音”）赢得了十几项其他行动。A. Therefore因此；B. Similarly类似地；C. Subsequently随后；
D. However然而。根据上文“But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to ___3___ environmental rules that
had allowed loud music late into the night during a festival.”以及下文“the victory led to a ban on loudspeakerswithin 100 meters of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship.”可知，Abdulali赢得了一场诉讼，随后又
赢得了十几项其他运动。故选C。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织警告说，噪音是对人类健康的最大威胁，不仅影响听力，
还影响睡眠、大脑发育和心血管健康。A. well-being健康；B. intelligence智力；C. interaction相互作用；D.
behavior行为。根据下文“affecting not only hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular
health.”可知，此处表示噪音是人类健康的最大威胁。故选A。
131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Abdulali声称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。A. largest最大的；B.
busiest最繁忙的；C. loudest最大声的；D. richest最富有的。根据下文“A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an
expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai
and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.”可知，孟买及周边地区的噪音水平大大超过了
法律限制，所以此处表示Abdulali称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。故选C。
132．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，与噪音的斗争变得越来越困难，Abdulali经常面临强大的利益
集团，他们认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品。A. difficult困难的；B. successful成功的；C. diverse多样
的；D. easy容易的。根据下文“with Abdulali often facing powerful interests who consider it an inevitable
byproduct of growth.”可知，强大的利益集团认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品，所以与噪音的斗争会变得
越来越困难。故选A。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着城市化程度的提高，越来越多的人暴露在持续的噪音中。A.
availability可利用性；B. capitalization资本化；C. urbanization城市化；D. convenience方便。根据下文“In
a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise
rules ___9___ development plans.”可知，此处表示城市化的程度的提高。故选C。
134．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在孟买这样一个人口超过1200万的快速扩张城市，对住房的需求使噪音
规定与发展计划相冲突。A. in pace with与……步调一致；B. in contact with与……保持联系；C. in league
with与……勾结；D. in conflict with与……冲突。根据上文“In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with
a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules”以及语境可知，对住房的需求使得噪音的
规定和发展计划冲突。故选D。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管建筑项目需要隔音屏障，但它们价格昂贵，因此开发商拒绝安装。
A. recommend推荐；B. justify证明……是正当的；C. resist抵制；D. advocate提倡。根据上文“Although
sound barriers are required for construction projects, they’re expensive,”可知，隔音屏障价格昂贵，所以开发商
会拒绝安装。故选C。
136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，技术可以帮助对抗，Vijay说。A. government政府；B.
technology技术；C. finance金融；D. psychology心理学。根据下文“He suggests devices that measure horn
use, which would let officials offer ___12___ drivers rewards like deductions on car insurance.”以及“Dynamic
signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and ___13___ the
urge to resort to horns, he says.”可知，使用设备测量喇叭使用情况，与红绿灯相连的传感器检测交通密度的
动态信号改善车辆流量，即技术可以帮助对抗道路上的噪音。故选B。
137．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他建议使用测量喇叭使用情况的设备，让官员为安静的司机提供奖
励，比如汽车保险扣减。A. quiet安静的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全；D. alert警觉的。根据上文“Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels(分贝)—a level that can lead to permanent
hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure,”以及语境可知，此处表示测量司机的喇叭的使用情况，使用
喇叭较少的司机产生的噪音少，即安静的司机。故选A。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，与红绿灯相连的传感器检测交通密度的动态信号将改善车辆流
量，减少使用喇叭的冲动。A. trigger触发；B. satisfy满足；C. reduce减少；D. maintain维持。根据上文
“Dynamic signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow”以及常
识可知，车辆流量被改善之后，司机按喇叭的冲动会减少。故选C。
139．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当地政府也采取了行动。A. steps in介入；B. takes over接管；C. cuts in打
断；D. takes off起飞。根据下文“Mumbai decreed India’s first “No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing
out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines up to 1, 000 rupees ($12) on offending
motorists.”可知，当地政府也介入，采取了行动。故选A。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们的仪式噪音本身就超出了允许的范围。A. traffic交通；B.
construction建设；C. ceremony典礼，仪式；D. background背景。根据上文“In India we celebrate festivals
with lots of noise,”以及下文“noise itself is beyond the allowed limit.”可知，此处表示庆祝活动的噪音本身就
超出了被允许的范围。故选C。
题型 阅读理解
A
（23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory
As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed 1 for many of us; however, according to
neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not 2 .
Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said. Here are some of Dr. Restak’s tips for developing and
3 a healthy memory.Pay more attention.
Some memory lapses are actually attention problems, not memory problems. 4 , if you’ve
forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several people
at the time.
One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to 5 the word. Having a picture
associated with the word, Restak said, can improve 6 . Find regular everyday memory challenges.
There are many memory exercises that you can 7 into everyday life. Dr. Restak suggested
composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t 8 pull out your list (or
your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory.Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to 9 through the streets from
memory. A small 2020 study suggested that people who used GPS more frequently over time showed a steeper
cognitive 10 in spatial memory three years later.Play games.
Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place
or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. Because to succeed, he
said, the questioner must hold all of the 11 answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer.
The point is to 12 your working memory, “maintaining information and moving it around in your
mind,” Restak wrote.Read more novels.
One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is 13 fiction. “People, when they
begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction,” he said. Fiction requires active
engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end. 14 technology.
Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,” Dr. Restak said, which can 15
our own mental abilities. The second way our relationship with technology is harmful to memory is because it often
takes our focus away from the task at hand.
1．A．accomplishmentB．assumption C．regulation D．observation
2．A．inevitable B．dispensable C．reverse D．doubtful
3．A．striking B．enduring C．arousing D．maintaining
4．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．For instance D．Instead
5．A．demonstrate B．trace C．discover D．visualize
6．A．recall B．sight C．target D．instinct
7．A．enclose B．integrate C．evolve D．impose
8．A．steadily B．actively C．gradually D．automatically
9．A．adjust B．rush C．gesture D．navigate
10．A．performance B．decline C．awareness D．increase
11．A．modest B．original C．previous D．personal
12．A．engage B．drain C．insert D．fulfill
13．A．devoting to B．concentrating on C．giving in to D．giving up on
14．A．Beware of B．Stick to C．Long for D．Differ from
15．A．counter B．stock C．erode D．strengthen
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位神经学家提出的保护记忆力的建议。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们中的许多人来说，这是一个固定的假设；然而，根据神经学家、神
经病学临床教授理查德·雷斯塔克博士的说法，衰退并非不可避免。A. accomplishment完成；B. assumption
假设；C. regulation管理；D. observation观察。根据上文“As we age, our memory declines.”可知，随着年龄
的增长，我们的记忆力会下降，这是一个普遍的假设。故选B。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同1题。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. dispensable可有可无的；C. reverse
相反的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据转折词however 可知，前后句意相反，根据上文“As we age, our
memory declines.”可知，上文提到记忆力下降是一个普遍的假设，下文则说衰退并非不可避免。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是雷斯塔克博士提出的一些培养和保持健康记忆力的建议。A. striking
打击；B. enduring忍受；C. arousing唤醒；D. maintaining保持。根据上文“Here are some of Dr. Restak’s
tips for developing and”可知，此处指培养和保持健康记忆力的建议。故选D。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你忘记了在鸡尾酒会上遇到的一个人的名字，可能是因为你当
时在和几个人聊天。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. For instance例如；D. Instead代替。根据
上文“Some memory lapses are actually attention problems, not memory problems.”可知，此处是对上文的举例
说明。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你学习新信息时，集中注意力的一种方法是将这个词形象化。A.
demonstrate证明；B. trace追踪；C. discover发现；D. visualize使形象化。根据下文“Having a picture
associated with the word, Restak said, can improve”可知，此处指将单词形象化。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷斯塔克说，将单词与图片联系起来可以提高回忆能力。A. recall回忆；B.
sight视力；C. target目标；D. instinct本能。根据上文“Having a picture associated with the word”可知，将单
词与图片联系起来可以提高回忆能力。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有许多记忆练习你可以融入日常生活。A. enclose围绕；B. integrate融入；
C. evolve发展；D. impose强加。根据下文“…into everyday life. Dr. Restak suggested composing a grocery list
and memorizing it.”可知，此处指将记忆练习融入日常生活。故选B。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你去商店时，不要自动拿出你的清单（或手机）——相反，根据你的记
忆拿起每一件东西。A. steadily稳定地；B. actively积极地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. automatically自动地。
根据下文“instead, pick up everything according to your memory.”可知，此处指不要不假思索地拿出清单。故
选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，在不打开 GPS 的情况下上车，试着凭记忆在街道上导航。A. adjust
调整；B. rush冲；C. gesture做手势；D. navigate导航。根据上文“Once in a while, get in the car without
turning on your GPS,”可知，此处指不依靠GPS在街道上凭记忆导航。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020 年的一项小型研究表明，随着时间的推移，经常使用 GPS 的人在三
年后空间记忆的认知能力下降得更厉害。A. performance表现；B. decline下降；C. awareness意识；D.
increase增加。根据上文“people who used GPS more frequently over time showed a steeper cognitive”可知，
此处指经常使用 GPS 的人在三年后空间记忆的认知能力有变化，分析选项，B项“decline下降”表达的
含义符合语境。故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为要想成功，提问者必须记住所有之前的答案，才能猜出正确答案。
A. modest谦虚的；B. original原来的；C. previous之前的；D. personal个人的。根据下文“in order to guess
the correct answer.”可知，此处指提问者必须记住所有之前的答案。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键是要让你的工作记忆参与进来，“保持信息并在脑海中移动它，”雷
斯塔克写道。A. engage参与；B. drain排出；C. insert插入；D. fulfill履行。根据下文“maintaining
information and moving it around in your mind,”可知，此处指让工作记忆参与进来。故选A。13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：雷斯塔克博士说，记忆问题的一个早期迹象是放弃阅读小说。A. devoting
to致力于；B. concentrating on集中精力于；C. giving in to屈服于；D. giving up on放弃。根据下文
“People, when they begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction,”可知，此处指放弃
阅读小说。故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：小心科技。A. Beware of小心；B. Stick to坚持；C. Long for渴望；D.
Differ from不同于。根据下文“Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,” Dr. Restak
said, which can erode our own mental abilities.”可知，此处指小心科技的不利影响。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷斯塔克博士说，把所有东西都储存在手机上意味着“你不知道它”，这
会削弱我们自己的心智能力。A. counter对抗；B. stock储备；C. erode削弱；D. strengthen加强。根据上文
“Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,””可知，此处指削弱我们自己的心智能力。
故选C。
B
（2024·上海·模拟预测）Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors
diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its
market is wide open for 16 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models
and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale.
VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—
but not their body—to 17 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional
responses. 18 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too
anxious to fly can 19 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can
yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-
hour course of VR 20 therapy.
Researchers around the world have been 21 these technologies—with promising results. Through
the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health
disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized
controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 22 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to
be 23 , inexpensive and well-received by patients.
In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained
professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than
the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates
is 24 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric
problems endure especially high levels of 25 in China.
Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 26 both caregiver shortages and
shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And
many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 27
place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home.
Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be
one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongestsupporters 28 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.
Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 29 health is
booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and
VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 30
its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care
systems.
16．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade
17．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging
18．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion
19．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support
20．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation
21．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring
22．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense
23．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair
24．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic
25．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition
26．A．bring B．address C．create D．face
27．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private
28．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain
29．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public
30．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid
【答案】
16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B
26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，
而这场革命的前线可能正在中国形成。它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使
中国成为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的市场对创新开放，开发者有机会跳过过去的传统护理模式，使中国成
为虚拟现实精神病学的早期大规模采用者。A. promotion促进，促销；B. complaint抱怨；C. innovation创
新；D. trade贸易。根据下文“developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models”提到有机
会跳过过去的传统护理模式，由此可推知，此处应表示它的市场对创新开放。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟现实精神病学应用包括让患者沉浸在看似真实的模拟中，让他们的大
脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。A. worsening恶
化；B. improving提高；C. relieving缓解；D. challenging挑战。 根据下文“and helping them learn to train
their physical and emotional responses.”提到帮助他们学会训练自己的身体和情绪反应。由此可推知，此处应
表示让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中。故选D项。
18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. For example例如；B. What’s more此
外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In conclusion总之。根据下文“an alcohol-addicted patient can sit…”具体陈
述某一事例，可知，此处指的是具体举出的例子。故选A项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，一个酒精成瘾的病人可以坐在一个虚拟的酒吧里而不喝酒，一个过
于焦虑的人可以在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。A. prevent阻止；B. experience体验；C.
postpone延迟；D. support支持。根据下文“takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground”由此可
知，此处应表示在牢牢地呆在地面上的情况下体验起飞和降落。故选B项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种疗法可以产生快速而显著的效果：在一个案例中，一名计算高度的女
性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。A. group小组；B. standard标准；C.
exposure暴露；D. relaxation放松。根据上文“VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in
simulations that seem real, exposing their brain”提到让他们的大脑(而不是身体)暴露在具有挑战性的环境中，
由此可知，此处应表示这名女性在接受了三个小时的VR暴露疗法后，可以平静地乘坐自动扶梯。故选C
项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术，并取得了可喜的结果。A.
testing测试；B. adopting采纳；C. exporting出口；D. transferring转移。根据上文“Virtual reality is
considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses”提到
虚拟现实被认为有可能改变医生诊断和治疗多种精神疾病的方式，可知，这项技术现在并未正式投入运
用，由此可推知，此处应表示：世界各地的研究人员一直在测试这些技术。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年3月，《美国医学会精神病学杂志》(JAMA Psychiatry)发表了一项研
究，研究人员称这是有史以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。A.
maintenance维护，保养；B. intervention干预；C. equipment设备；D. defense防卫。根据句意以及上文
“the first ever randomized controlled trial of a therapist-free VR”由此可知，此处应表示研究人员称这是有史
以来第一次对恐高症或恐高症进行无治疗师虚拟现实干预的随机对照试验。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。A. effective有效
的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. complex复杂的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“inexpensive and well-received by
patients.”由此可知，此处应表示这种技术有效、廉价，而且深受患者欢迎。故选A项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：低治疗率的另一个原因是文化上的。A. scientific科学上的；B. specific
特别的，具体的；C. cultural文化上的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据下文“And many think VR treatments
could break through cultural barriers”提到突破文化障碍，由此可知，此处应表示低治疗率的另一个原因是文
化上的。故选C项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然许多国家都存在类似的偏见，但研究表明，在中国，精神疾病患者的
羞耻感尤其高。A. anxiety焦虑；B. shame羞耻；C. endurance忍耐；D. competition竞争。根据下文“it can
help _____11_____ both caregiver shortages and shame.”由此可知，此处应表示在中国，精神疾病患者的羞耻
感尤其高。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多心理健康VR的支持者认为，它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻
感。A. bring带来；B. address解决；C. create创造；D. face面对。根据下文“Because the technology can be
fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people.”提到可以轻松扩展以满足许多人的需求，由此可知，此处应表示它可以帮助解决护理人员短缺和羞耻感。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为，虚拟现实治疗可以突破文化障碍，因为它们可以通过游戏
般的界面在私人场所进行，比如在家里。A. secret秘密地；B. safe安全的；C. quiet安静的；D. private私人
的。根据句意以及下文“such as at home.”由此可知，此处应表示虚拟现实治疗可以通过游戏般的界面在私
人场所进行，比如在家里。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是该技术最坚定的支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺
乏。A. caution警告；B. require要求；C. protest抗议；D. explain解释。根据上文“Even”一词，以及下文
“that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.”由此可知，从此处应表示即使是该技术最坚定的
支持者也警告说，重要的安全和道德准则仍然缺乏。故选A项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，由于对服务的巨大需求和对传统医疗的不信任，数字医疗在
中国正在蓬勃发展。A. financial财政的；B. environmental环境的；C. digital数字的；D. public公众的。根
据上文“with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care”提到对服务的巨大需求和对传
统医疗的不信任，结合各个选项意思由此可推知，此处应表示数字医疗在中国正在蓬勃发展。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这样做，中国将在缩小治疗差距方面取得重大进展。A. widen拓宽；
B. close缩小；C. discover发现；D. avoid避免。根据上文“and VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真
空).”提到VR有望填补这一空白，以及下文“its treatment gap”由此可知，此处应表示中国将在缩小治疗差
距方面取得重大进展。故选B项。
1.（2021年天津卷）
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn.
After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related,
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He
____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he
would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have
the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500
____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be
____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying amaterial need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings
of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the
____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. careerC. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repairD. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advanceC. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. sharedB. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardlyB. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebrationC. comfort D. experience
34. A. competitionB. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impressionC. impact D. progress
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26.
B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计
划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行
车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的
孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A.
amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”
可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C.
opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a
road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B.
together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现
自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行
车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he
went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车
与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C.
increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车
与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资
格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜
测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22.考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A.
came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and
posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B.
refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed
it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
24.考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶
然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都
是免费的。故选C。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；
B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have
the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预
算紧张。故选B。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B.
used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，
Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B.
advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询
问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要
么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their
owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎
不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理
自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文
“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区
感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he
has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居
的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C.
Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实
用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经
历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的
课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service
服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授
如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C.
impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影
响”。故选C。
2.（2015年安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that
countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish
than ever before.
How did we 73 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to
spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able
to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always
looking for 79 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 80 thousands of different
kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The
result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are
requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We alsoneed to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may
be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising
【答案】71．D 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．C 77．A 78．D 79．A
80．C 81．D 82．B 83．A 84．D 85．D 86．C 87．B 88．A 89．D
90．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们
倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给
环境带来很大的压力。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world,
when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more
rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C.
observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to
repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
75．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to
幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除……之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意
可知，此处表示原因。故选A。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C.
cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and
technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉
价。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C.
prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As 8 people, we are always looking
for 9 to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方
法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and
make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。
A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节
省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等
等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指
公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
81．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B.
returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对……做出反应；D. contributes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，
此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
82．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. addicted to对……
上瘾，迷恋于……；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for
new products also 1 1 to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新
的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. larger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the
latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。
84．考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，
学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。
根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages优
势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains of
rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A.show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more
governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D.
brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环
境。故选B。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B.
Otherwise否则；C．Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。
89．考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of
支持，赞成；C. after在……之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting
收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选
A。
3.（2013年广东卷）
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings
are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds
have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you
remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of
a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27
until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left
and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The
experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all
the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old
almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three
or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our
human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．A
30．B 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明了鸟类在一定范围内也有和人类一样的感知数字变化的能
力。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是意识到在数字方面改变的一种能力。A. rise上升；B. pattern模式；C.
change改变；D. trend趋向。 根据下文的“For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four
eggs and you remove one”可知，此处是指意识到数字方面改变的一种能力。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人吃惊的是，很多动物也有这方面的能力。A. Importantly重要地；B.
Surprisingly令人吃惊地；C. Disappointedly失望地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上下文句意，此处表示惊
讶，居然动物也具有这种能力。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个巢里面有4个蛋，你拿走了一个，鸟是不会注意到的。A. survive
幸存；B. care关心，在乎；C. hatch孵化；D. notice注意到。根据下文的“For example, babies about
fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 1 3 group.”可知，此处是
指拿走一个蛋，鸟不会注意到。notice是原词复现。故选D。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你拿走两个时，鸟普遍会离开。A. generally普遍；B. sincerely衷
心地；C. casually随意地；D. deliberately故意地。根据句意可知，此处是指如果被拿走的鸟蛋较多，鸟会
注意到，遇到这种情况，鸟普遍会离开巢。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着鸟知道二和三的不同。A. distance距离；B. range范围；C.
difference不同；D. interval间隔。结合上文给出的例子可知，鸟知道巢里面是两个还是三个蛋，即它们能
分出二和三的不同。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外一个有趣的实验展示了鸟惊人的数字感。A. amazing令人吃惊的；
B. annoying令人生气的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. disturbing令人烦恼的。 结合下文给出的例子可知，
鸟类有一个令人吃惊的数字感，它们能辨别出小范围内数字的改变。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到这个人离开塔这只鸟才返回巢穴。A. relax放松；B. recover恢复；C.
react反应；D. return返回。根据下文的“But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 1 1
”可知，此处是指等人离开了塔，鸟才返回巢中。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此人有了一个主意。A. appointment约会；B. excuse借口；C. idea主意；
D. explanation解释。根据下文的“He took another man with him to the tower.”可知，这是此人的一个主意。
故选C。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人离开，而另一个留下来，但他们没有骗到这只鸟。A. fool愚弄；B.
hurt伤害；C. catch抓住；D. kill杀死。结合语境和根据下文的“It was not until five men went into the tower
and only four left that they were 1 2 able to fool the crow.”可知，他们这样做是为了骗这只鸟。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该实验用三人和四人又重复了两次。A. reported报道；B. repeated重复；C.
designed设计；D. approved赞同。结合上文可知，先是一个人参与实验，然后是两个人，现在是三个人和
四个人，因此是重复该实验。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但乌鸦直到所有人都离开后才回到巢穴。A. confused困惑的；B. gone消
失的；C. tired劳累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据上文“The crow stayed away until the second man left, too.”可
知，此处只是等人离开乌鸦才回到巢穴。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到五个人进入塔内，四个人离开时他们才最终骗到这只乌鸦。A.
gradually逐渐地；B. luckily幸运地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. finally 最终。结合上文提到的几次实验可
知，此处是指到最后一次实验时，他们才最终骗到乌鸦。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果某物从一小部分东西中被拿走时，14个月左右大的孩子总是
可以注意到。A. single单一的；B. small小的；C. local当地的；D. new 新的。根据下文的“But when the
number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.”可知，此处是指东西数量较小时，数字的
变化14个月左右大的孩子可以注意到。故选B。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当数字超过三或四时，这些孩子常常被骗。A. seldom很少；B.
temporarily暂时；C. merely仅仅；D. often常常。根据but表示转折，上文说孩子总是可以注意到小部分数
字变化，可知，此处是指如果数字超过三或四，孩子常常就注意不到变化了。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎数字感是我们和动物在这个世界上共有的东西，并且我们人类的能力
并不比一只乌鸦强多少。A. sight视线，视野；B. nature自然，本性；C. ability能力；D. belief信念。根据
上文的“Human beings are born with this ability.”可知，此处是指人类感知数字变化的能力。故选C。
4.（2010年安徽卷）
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and
offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 ,
and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not
39 if you keep the following in mind.
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the
most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The
length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and
unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in
touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point
should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not
block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, butfine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed
letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission
55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B
45．C 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A
55．B
【解析】本文是说明文。许多人在使用钢笔的时候不知道什么样的笔才是好笔,在购买的时候只注重其外
表,忽略了好的钢笔所需的重要特点。本文给你在选购钢笔时提出了几点建议。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们忽视了对钢笔的使用，尤其是当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用
意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候。A. many许多；B. few很少的；C. pleasant令人高兴的；D.
important重要的。根据上文“Most people give little thought to the pens they write with”可知，人们忽视对钢
笔的使用，说明人们没多少时候要用钢笔。故选B。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现实中，人们仅为了追求外表好看而买钢笔，想知道为什么他们一旦开始
使用它就不满意。A. looks外貌；B. reason原因；C. value价值；D. advantages好处。根据下文“they begin
to use it”可知，人们买钢笔的时候只是追求外表好看，但是用的时候又不满意了。故选A。
38．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. once一旦；B. if如果；C. because因为；D. though尽
管。根据这句话 “wonder why they are not satisfied 3 they begin to use it”上下文的意思可知，应该使用once引导条件状语从句。故选A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，只要遵循以下几点，你将会发现买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不是什么
难事。A. convenient方便的；B. practical实用的；C. strange奇怪的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“if you
keep the following in mind.”可知，如果按照下文的建议，买到满意的钢笔就不难。故选D。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，一支钢笔握在手中要感觉比较舒服，并且用起来不费力。A.
heavy重的；B. easy不费力的；容易的；C. hard困难的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“a pen should fit
comfortably in your hand”可知，这里指好的钢笔应该有的特点，所以是用起来很好用，不费力。故选B。
41．考查代词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的粗细程度是决定舒适程度的最重要的特征。A. taking带走；B.
finding找到；C. determining决定；D. seeking寻找。根据下文“comfort”可知，这里指决定舒适度的是钢笔
的粗细程度。故选C。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你有一只较大的手，并且手指较粗，你或许更喜欢用一支粗大的铅
笔。A. strong强壮的；B. weaker弱的；C. smaller小的；D. larger大的。根据上文“Having a small hand and
thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，这句话是和上文构成对比，上文是小手，所以这里
应该是大手。故选D。
43．考查代词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. prefer更喜欢；B. recommend推荐；C. prepare准备；D.
demand要求。根据上文“Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，
这句话是和上文构成对比，所以应该是小手粗指头的适合用细笔，大手更粗指头的更喜欢用粗笔。故选
A。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的长度也影响使用的舒适度。A. hardly几乎不；B. also也；C. never
从不；D. still仍然。根据上文“The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)
comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的粗细，后文说的是其长度问题，所以上下文应是并列关系。故选B。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钢笔太长的话就很容易让人感到顶端过于沉重，写字时也不稳定。A.
thick厚的；B. light轻的；C. long长的；D. soft软的。根据上文“The length of a pen can 9 influence
comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的长度，所以接下来应该解释为什么适合的长度也很重要。故选C。
46．考查代词词义辨析。句意：然后，当钢笔和纸接触时，其笔尖应该是能让墨水流畅地流出。A. change
改变；B. allow允许；C. reduce减少；D. press按压。根据下文“the ink to flow evenly”可知，这里指一支好
的钢笔的笔尖应该是允许墨水流畅地流出。故选B。
47．考查代词词义辨析。句意：这将使得你可以顺畅的书写变得可能。A. they他们；B. one一个；C. this
这个；D. some一些。根据下文“will make it possibly for you to create a 1 3 line of writing.”可知，能
完成这个要求的是上文提到的“Then, the writing point of the pen should 1 1 the ink to flow evenly(均
匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.”，指代上文的一句话，用动词this。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. thin薄的；B. rough粗糙的；C. black黑色的；D.
smooth顺畅的，均匀的，光滑的。根据下文“line of writing”可知，这是指要在写字的时候，写出的线条是
连贯的，流畅的，均匀的。故选D。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好的钢笔的笔尖应该灵敏到一旦笔被提起来就可以阻止墨水继续流出来。
A. prevent阻止；B. free释放；C. protect保护；D. remove挪开，移走。根据下文“ink from running when
the pen is lifted.”可知，这里指不写字的时候好钢笔应该有的特点：一旦笔尖离开纸面就能控制住墨水的流出，而不是肆意的继续滴落在纸上。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你提起笔或者把它再次放下时，笔尖若是不能阻止墨水的流出就会使墨
水滴在纸上。A. way方法；B. sight视线；C. flow流动；D. stream溪流。根据下文“may leave drops of ink”
可知，如果墨水继续往下滴，说明笔尖不能阻止墨水的流动。故选C。
51．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第15题详解。A. so因此；B. as当；C. and并且；D. yet但是。根据这句
话的上下文意思可知，下文“you pick the pen up and put it down again”是指时间，用as引导时间状语。故
选B。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，好钢笔应该写出来粗黑线条。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Generally大体
上看；C. Afterwards后来；D. Finally最后。根据上文提到“First of all”和“Then”可知，上文讲述了许多好
钢笔的特点这句话仍然是它的特点之一，是最后一点。故选D。
53．考查动词短语辨析。句意：好的行文线条也许可以弥补坏的书写，但是，细腻、精致的行文能引起丝
毫不亚于印刷字体比如签名那样的注意。A. show up出现；B. differ from不同于；C. break down坏掉，垮
掉；D. compensate for弥补。根据下文“bad handwriting”可知，这里指书写不好的话，如果钢笔写出来的
行文很好，可以弥补一下不好看的书写。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. attention关注；B. support支持；C. respect尊敬；D.
admission允许。根据下文“A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority”
可知，作者认为优美的书法足以引起人们丝毫不亚于对印刷文字的关注——好的书法一样能够使人给予重
视。故选A。
55．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. at most最多；B. for example例如；C. in brief简单的
说；D. on purpose故意。根据下文“a signature on a printed letter”可知，作者是以签名为例来说明书法的重
要性。故选B。
5.（2009年江苏卷）
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students
must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is
academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,
working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and
then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are
forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to
learn reallife skills that 9 responsibility, problemsolving, and working as part of a team. 10
students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what
teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they
14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is
timeconsuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing
students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an
individual’s freedom to choose.In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore
different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help
must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able
to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and
responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully
11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对高中生是否应该参加社会服务学习的不同看法。
1．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，所有学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则他们将得不到文
凭。A. spend 花费，度过；B. gain 获得；C. complete完成；D. save节约。根据上文“The requirements for
high school graduation”可知，这是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学
习，故选C。
2．B考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. and而且，和；B. or 否则；C. but但是； D. for为。否则他们就
得不到毕业证。 根据语境可知，社会服务学习是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时
的社会服务学习，否则就得不到毕业证，故选B。
3．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：服务学习的例子包括清理被污染的河流、在厨房里帮厨或辅导学生。A.
Subjects课程； B. Ideas观点；C. Procedures程序；D. Examples例子。下文“cleaning up a pollutedriver, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.”都是服务学习的具体例子，故选D。
4．C考查介词词义辨析。句意：在一次服务学习期间，学生必须写日志，然后写一份关于所学内容的报
告。A. With随着，和；B. Before在…之前；C. During在……期间； D. After在…之后。空后说的写日志
和报告是学生在服务学习期间应该干的事，故选C。
5．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. diary日记；B. report报告； C. note笔记；D. notice注意。根据语
境可知，学生必须写完日志后，还要就他们学到了什么写一篇报告，故选B。
6．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：支持者声称服务学习有很多益处。A. courses 课程；B. benefits益处； C.
challenge挑战；D. features特征。社会服务学习的支持者肯定会说它有很多好处，故选B。
7．A考查介词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，去意识到别人的
需要。A. beyond 超出……范围；B. about关于； C. over超过，在……之上；D. in在……里面。根据常识
和语境可知，学生们选择的社会服务项目不可能完全符合自己的兴趣爱好，他们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去
思考，故选A。
8．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful小心的；B. pround骄傲的；C. tired疲惫的；D. aware意
识到的。空前一句说学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，因此他们要去意识到别人的需要，故选D。
9．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们还能够学习现实生活中的技能，包括责任感、解决问题和团队合
作。A. possess拥有；B. apply应用； C. include包括；D. develop发展；空后提到的责任感、解决问题的能
力和责任感都是现实生活中的技能所包括的方面，故选C。
10．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，学生可以通过服务学习探索可能的职业。A. Gradually逐渐地；B.
Finally最后；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Hopefully有希望地。根据本段第二句“Perhaps most importantly”及第
三句的“also”可知本段讲服务学习的好处，本句是最后一个，故选B。
11．A考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.through通过；B.across穿过；C. of……的；D. on在……上面。根
据空后的“service learning”可知此处指“通过服务学习”，故选A。
12．D考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管有很多好处，反对者指出了新要求的问题。A. So所以；B. Thus这
样；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。空后说反对者指出新要求的问题，因此前后是让步关系，故选D。
13．C考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. deal with处理；B. look into调查；C. point out指出；D. take down
记下。根据空后的“problems with the new requirement”可知，反对者指出了新要求的问题，故选C。
14．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们认为（争论说）学生上学的主要原因是学习核心学科和技
能。A. argue争论；B. doubt怀疑； C. overlook忽视；D. admit承认。空后的“that the main reason students
go to school is to learn core subjects and skills”是反对者（争论）的观点，故选 A。
15．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为服务学习是要花时间的，所以学生用在主要科目的学习时间就更
少了。A.much很多；B. full满的；C. less更少；D. more更多。空前一句说服务学习是要花时间的，学生
用在主要科目的学习时间自然就更少了，故选C。
16．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们认为强迫学生无偿工作是违法的。A. cost花费；B. pay付报
酬；C. care关心；D. praise 表扬。根据下半句“goes against the law.”可知，让学生工作而不付报酬是违法
的，故选B。
17．A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我看来，服务学习是一种很好的方式，可以为社区做出贡献，学习新
技能，探索不同的职业。A. contribute to促进、有助于；B. appeal to呼吁；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to属于。此处contribute to是固定搭配，促进，有助于。空后提到了学习新技能和探索不同的职业，此处与
之并列，应该是为社区做贡献，故选A。
18．D考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人——帮助别人的愿望必须
发自内心。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides除此之外；D. However然而。空前一句说服务
学习可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业，空后又说我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他
人，前后是转折关系，故选D。
19．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. desire愿望；C. emotion情绪；D. spirit精神。与
被强迫去帮助别人形成对比，帮助别人的愿望应该是发自内心的，故选B。
20．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择。A. decision决定；B.
purpose目的；C. solution解决办法；D. result结果。上文介绍了支持者和反对者的观点，再结合空后的内
容可知此处是说解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择，故选C。
