文档内容
重难点 08 完形填空说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填
空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说
明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答
案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为
复杂。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生
应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言
运用能力。
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往
生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻
辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支
持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节
的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和
词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·江苏南通·统考二模）Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly throughidentification. Children 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2
of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly
influence a child’s behavior. Therefore, parents must 4 behave like the type of person they want their child to
become.
What’s more, a parent’s actions can also 5 the self-image that a child forms through identification.
Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.
Children who observe chiefly 6 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in
themselves. Children may modify their self-image, 7 , as they become increasingly influenced by peers
groups standards before they reach 13.
A positive attitude and self- image play an important role when children 8 something unexpected.
Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a 9 effect on a child’s behavior. Children
interact such events according to their established attitudes and 10 training. Children who know they are
loved can, for example, accept the 11 of their parents or a parent’s early death. But if children feel 12
, they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or 13 .
In the same way, all children are not influenced 14 by toys and games, reading matter, and
television programs. As in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience
depends on how the child 15 it.
1．A．apologize to B．approve of C．attend to D．allow for
2．A．thoughtful B．characteristic C．conscious D．cautious
3．A．time B．place C．way D．extent
4．A．consistently B．barely C．concisely D．originally
5．A．respond B．imitate C．convey D．affect
6．A．positive B．complex C．negative D．concrete
7．A．however B．therefore C．anyhow D．otherwise
8．A．turn down B．sort out C．stick with D．come across
9．A．uplifting B．permanent C．temporary D．distracting
10．A．intense B．realistic C．previous D．educational
11．A．finance B．marriage C．assistance D．divorce
12．A．isolated B．attended C．unloved D．stressed
13．A．punishment B．discrimination C．assessment D．transformation
14．A．even B．alike C．at all D．as a whole
15．A．interprets B．anticipates C．accomplishes D．maintains
【答案】
1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了孩子会受到父母行为的影响，而事件对于孩子的影响取决于孩子
如何解释这些事件。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子们相信自己拥有父母特有的品质和感受时，他们就会认可父母。A.
apologize to向……道歉；B. approve of认可；C. attend to照料；D. allow for考虑到。根据下文“when they
believe they have the qualities and feelings that are ___2___ of that parent.”可知，此处表示孩子们相信自己拥
有了父母所特有的品质和感受时，他们会认可父母。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们相信自己拥有父母特有的品质和感受时，他们就会认可父母。
A. thoughtful深思熟虑的；B. characteristic特有的；C. conscious有意识的；D. cautious小心的。根据下文
“Therefore, parents must ___4___ behave like the type of person they want their child to become.”以及语境可
知，此处表示父母所特有的品质和感受。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母所做和说的事情，以及父母做事和对他们说话的方式，都会强
烈影响孩子的行为。A. time时间；B. place地点；C. way方式；D. extent程度。根据下文“they do and say
to them”可知，此处表示父母做事和对孩子们说话的方式。故选C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母必须始终如一地表现得像他们希望孩子成为的那种人。A.
consistently 始终如一地；B. barely 几乎没有；C. concisely 简明扼要地；D. originally 原来。根据下文
“behave like the type of person they want their child to become.”以及常识可知，此处表示父母的表现要始终
如一。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，父母的行为也会影响孩子通过认同形成的自我形象。A.
respond回应；B. imitate模仿；C. convey传送；D. affect影响。根据下文“Children who see mainly positive
qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.”可知，父母的行为会影响孩子形成
的自我形象。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些主要观察到父母消极品质的孩子，很难从自己身上看到积极品质。
A. positive积极的；B. complex复杂的；C. negative消极的；D. concrete具体的。根据下文“qualities in
their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves.”以及语境可知，主要观察父母消极品质
的孩子很难看到自己的积极品质。故选C。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，孩子们可能会改变他们的自我形象，因为他们在13岁之前就越来越
受到同龄人团体标准的影响。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. anyhow无论如何；D. otherwise否则。
根据上文“What’s more, a parent’s actions can also ___5___ the self-image that a child forms through
identification.”以及“Children may modify their self-image,”可知，此处表示转折关系，空处应用however，
表示“然而”。故选A。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子遇到意想不到的事情时，积极的态度和自我形象发挥着重要作用。
A. turn down拒绝；B. sort out分类；C. stick with坚持；D. come across偶然遇见。根据下文“something
unexpected”以及语境可知，此处表示当孩子遇见意想不到的事情时。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孤立的事件，即使是巨大的事件，也不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的
影响。A. uplifting令人振奋的；B. permanent永久的；C. temporary临时的；D. distracting令人分心的。根
据下文“Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the ___11___ of their parents or a parent’searly death.”可知，此处表示孤立的事件不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们根据他们既定的态度和以前的训练来与这种事件交互。A. intense
强烈的；B. realistic现实的；C. previous之前的；D. educational教育的。根据下文“Children who know they
are loved can, for example, accept the ___11___ of their parents or a parent’s early death.”可知，孩子们会根据
之前的训练，例如之前得到爱的感受，与这种事件进行交互。来故选C。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，知道自己被爱的孩子可以接受父母的离婚或父母的早逝。A. finance
财务；B. marriage婚姻；C. assistance援助；D. divorce离婚。根据下文“of their parents or a parent’s early
death.”可推知，此处表示父母中其中一位早逝或者父母离婚。故选D。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件解释为拒绝或惩
罚的迹象。A. isolated偏远的；B. attended出席；C. unloved无人喜欢的；D. stressed焦虑不安的。根据上
文“Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the ___11___ of their parents or a parent’s early
death. But if children feel”可知，此处表示如果孩子们感到不被爱。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件解释为拒绝或惩罚
的迹象。A. punishment惩罚；B. discrimination歧视；C. assessment评估；D. transformation转型。根据上文
“But if children feel ___12___ , they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or”可知，此处表示孩子们
感受到不被爱，可能会将事件理解为拒绝或者惩罚的迹象。故选A。
14．考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。句意：同样，并非所有的孩子都会同样受到玩具、游戏、读物和电视
节目的影响。A. even甚至；B. alike同样地；C. at all全然；D. as a whole整体而言。根据上文“Children
who know they are loved can, for example, accept the ___11___ of their parents or a parent’s early death. But if
children feel ___12___ , they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or ___13___ .”以及语境可知，此
处表示并不是所有的孩子都会同样受到影响。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像在家庭关系发生巨大变化的情况下一样，一项活动或经历的影响取决
于孩子如何解释它。A. interprets解释；B. anticipates预期；C. accomplishes完成；D. maintains维持。根据
上文“But if children feel ___12___ , they may interpret such events as a sign of rejection or ___13___ .”可知，
此处表示事件的影响取决于孩子如何解释它。故选A。
典例二
（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16
about their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-
like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks, such as
composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the
fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22
essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity
tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to
answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question.
A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is
limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts
17．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained
18．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations
19．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany
20．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose
21．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting
22．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate
23．A．added to B．connected to C．devoted to D．owed to
24．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed
25．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe
26．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced
27．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages
28．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural
29．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity
30．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B
26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们开展对话，协助
我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧。A. requests请
求；B. concerns担忧；C. emotions情绪；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“their impact on everything happening in
our society”和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。A. driven驱动；B. followed跟随；C. inspired启发；D. entertained使有兴趣。根据下文
“by AI technology”和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱动自然语言的处理。故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。A. conflicts冲突；B. challenges挑战；C. interests利益；D. conversations对话。根据下
文“The language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT可以回答用户的问题，所以应该是允许用户进
行类似人类的对话。故选D。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写电子邮件、论文和代码。A. manage 管理；B. control 控制；C. assist 协助；D. accompany 陪伴。根据上文“a natural
language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，在这些任务上ChatGPT
作为自然语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来
增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。A. ability 能力；B. chance 机会；C.
responsibility责任；D. purpose目的。根据下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of
questions”可推知，这应该是ChatGPT具有的能力。故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来
增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1亿用户。A. consulting 咨询；B. reaching 达到；C.
introducing介绍；D. counting计数。根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT成
为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达到了1亿用户。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. cause引起；
B. return返回；C. exist存在；D. generate生成。根据上文“composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，
ChatGPT可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选D。
23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. added
to增加；B. connected to连接；C. devoted to致力于；D. owed to欠。根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能
力会增加ChatGPT的吸引力。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。A. determined坚定的；
B. equipped装备齐全的；C. talented有才能的；D. alarmed惊慌的。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”
可知，ChatGPT是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务方面表现出色，be talented in是固定短
语，意为“在……方面表现出色，在……方面有才能”。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的程
序员的强大合作伙伴。A. save保存；B. create创造；C. choose选择；D. describe描述。根据上文“coding”
可知，ChatGPT会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创造代码。故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的
程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. cautious谨慎的；B. untrained未经训练的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. experienced
有经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说，ChatGPT都是强大
的合作伙伴。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但 ChatGPT仍然有局限。A. limitations局
限；B. possibilities可能性；C. requirements要求；D. advantages优势。根据下文“Such restrictions”可知，
此处在讨论ChatGPT的局限。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它才
能理解输入的问题。A. right正确的；B. suitable合适的；C. specific特定的；D. natural自然的。根据下文
“as it requires rewording to understand the input question”可知，ChatGPT需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，
所以应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问题。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。A. approaches 方法；B.
responses 回应；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据上文“The language model can answerquestions”可知，ChatGPT会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是提供的回复没有质量。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。A. notice通知；B. question问
题；C. feeling感觉；D. awareness意识。根据上文“Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to
2021.”可知，ChatGPT的数据只更新到2021年，所以应该是不了解2021年之后的事情，have awareness of
sth.意为“了解……”。故选D。
（建议用时：20分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）During my freshman year at Brooklyn College, credit card companies were
eager to earn the business of students. 1 by various rewards programs that only told part of the story, many
students signed up for one or more cards without understanding the 2 of late payment.
3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with
poor credit. 4 , they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 5
a low-interest loan.
Poor credit 6 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of 7
to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It’s why I helped develop a personal finance course
for teens and young adults.
To make the class as 8 as possible, we asked the students what 9 interested them. They were
curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them
10 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases? Which purchases do I prioritize?
We, educators, can help young people 11 life after graduation, as there are many great 12
and developing our course was 13 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth
organizations will offer financial education.
Financial literacy shouldn’t be optional because it puts those without it at a significant 14 . And if
my 15 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it’s that no one should have to learn
important financial lessons the hard way.
1．A．Attracted B．Sponsored C．Required D．Dominated
2．A．conditions B．benefits C．consequences D．processes
3．A．Displaying B．Maintaining C．Abandoning D．Lacking
4．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Instead
5．A．secure B．guarantee C．request D．settle
6．A．turned B．guided C．followed D．tricked
7．A．independence B．responsibility C．achievement D．identity
8．A．touching B．surprising C．engaging D．inspiring
9．A．words B．titles C．courses D．topics10．A．posing B．considering C．examining D．tackling
11．A．search for B．pay for C．prepare for D．care for
12．A．questions B．paths C．examples D．resources
13．A．easier B．cheaper C．safer D．stricter
14．A．distance B．disadvantage C．point D．corner
15．A．duties B．abilities C．ambitions D．experiences
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过自己的经历讲述了对于学生来讲，金融素养教育的重要性。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被那些各种各样的只讲述了部分情况的信用卡的奖励计划所吸引，很多学
生申请了很多张信用卡，且没有理解到逾期还款的后果。A. Attracted 吸引；B. Sponsored 赞助；C.
Required要求；D. Dominated支配。根据后文“various rewards programs”和“many students signed up for
one or more cards”可知，很多学生申请了不止一张信用卡是因为被信用卡提出的奖励计划所吸引，故选
A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. conditions 情况；C. benefits 好处；C. consequences 后果；D.
processes过程。根据后文“late payment”和“they faced challenges later in life”可知，因逾期还款，之后他们
会面临麻烦，故此处指学生没有意识到信用卡逾期还款的后果，故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：缺乏基本的金融素养也就意味着大学生以不良信用开始他们的成年生活。
A. Displaying展示；B. Maintaining保持；C. Abandoning抛弃；D. Lacking缺乏。根据空后“meant many
college students started off their adult lives with poor credit”可知，意味着他们以不良信用开始他们的成年生活，
故此处指缺乏基本的金融素养，故选D。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们就会在今后的生活中面临着问题，当他们需要借钱时，他们无
法低利息贷款。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead相反。根据前文“
3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor
credit.”和后文“they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn’t 5 a
low-interest loan.”可知，空前提到了他们的不良信用，空后将无法贷款，构成因果关系，故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. secure确保，为（债务或贷款）作抵押；B. guarantee保证；C.
request要求；D. settle解决。根据空前“they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money
but couldn’t”可知，他们因信用不良，因此无法贷款，故secure a loan意为“贷款”，故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信用不良一直跟随着我度过大学，直到我的教学生涯。A. turned转弯；B.
guided指导；C. followed跟随；D. tricked欺骗。根据后文“That has fueled my sense of 7 to teach
the next generation of students about personal finance.”可知，激起了我决定教学生个人理财的想法，是因为信
用不良一直伴随着我，故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也让我感觉教学生个人理财是我的责任。A. independence 独立；B.
responsibility责任；C. achievement成就；D. identity身份。根据后文“It’s why I helped develop a personalfinance course for teens and young adults.”可知，我帮助开发了适合青少年和青年人的个人理财课程，是因为
我觉得我有责任教会学生个人理财，故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让课程尽可能的吸引人，我问学生他们对什么话题感兴趣。A.
touching感人的；B. surprising惊人的；C. engaging吸引人的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据后文“we
asked the students what 9 interested them.”可知，我问学生对什么话题感兴趣的目的是为了让我的
理财课程有吸引力，故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. words话语；B. titles标题；C. courses课程；D. topics话题。根据
后文“They were curious to know about buying homes and cars.”可知，他们对买房和买车感到好奇，故此处
指我问他们感兴趣的话题是什么，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的课程，专为14-21岁的人设计，让他们考虑了几个问题：我应该省
下多少钱来买这些东西？我应该优先购买什么？A. posing提出；B. considering考虑；C. examining检查；
D. tackling 解决。根据后文“How much do I need to save to make these purchases? Which purchases do I
prioritize?”可知，前文提到学生对买车和买房感兴趣，故此处我让学生考虑应该省下多少钱来买车买房，
哪一个可以优先购买，故选B。
11．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们教育者帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，这也就是为什么我
希望更多的学校和青年机构能够提供金融教育，因为有很多资源，开发这门课程比我想象中更加简单。A.
search for寻找；B. pay for支付；C. prepare for为……做准备；D. care for照顾。根据后文“which is why I
hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.”可知，我希望更多的学校和青年机构
能够提供金融教育，是因为我们作为教育者，应该帮助青年人为毕业后的生活做好准备，故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. questions问题；B. paths路径；C. examples例子；D. resources资
源。根据后文“developing our course was 1 3 than I had expected”可知，开发这门课程比我想象中
更简单，是因为有很多的资源，故选D。
13．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：同上。A. easier更简单的；B. cheaper更便宜的；C. safer更安全
的；D. stricter 更严格的。根据后文“which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer
financial education.”可知，正是因为开发这门课程，实施起来比我想象中更简单，所以我呼吁更多的学校和
青年机构能够提供金融教育，故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金融素养不应该是选修课程，因为它会让那些没有该素养的人处于不利地
位。A. distance距离；B. disadvantage不利条件，劣势；C. point点；D. corner角落。根据前文“Financial
literacy shouldn’t be optional”可知，金融素养课程不应该是选修课，是因为它会让没有金融素养的人处于劣
势，故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果说我作为学生和教师的经历教会了我什么的话，那就是没有人应该通
过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程。A. duties 责任；B. abilities 能力；C. ambitions 抱负心；D.
experiences经历。根据后文“it’s that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way”可知，
我认为不应该有人通过艰难的方式来学习重要的理财课程，是因为我作为学生和教师的经历教会了我这一
点，故选D。
2.（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at
the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 16 cavemen masks caught
crows and 17 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 18 birds.
“We always knew crows 19 us, but could we show it?” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t
20 to them. But when the 21 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责
骂) loudly and dived at their “ 22 ”. The birds had remembered their 23 !
“Crows are constantly 24 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you, 25
the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 26 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing
number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 27
from one another. Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year and 28 that adults even
pass this information to their 29 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 30 work.
16．A．picked out B．put on C．searched for D．taken off
17．A．dropped B．stepped C．pressed D．tied
18．A．unhappy B．beautiful C．black D．rare
19．A．hate B．attack C．recognize D．contact
20．A．wave B．react C．reply D．turn
21．A．friendly B．unkind C．different D．same
22．A．enemies B．professors C．owners D．followers
23．A．clothes B．faces C．organs D．figures
24．A．expecting B．admiring C．watching D．tolerating
25．A．estimating B．changing C．restoring D．worsening
26．A．rigidly B．automatically C．abnormally D．threateningly
27．A．resulted B．heard C．learned D．benefited
28．A．promised B．identified C．denied D．clarified
29．A．young B．neighbor C．partners D．opponents
30．A．wings B．noses C．legs D．brains
【答案】
16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A
26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他
们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪，发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同
时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在他们的腿上绑上了塑料带子。A. picked out挑选出；B. put on穿上；C. searched for搜寻；D. taken off脱下。由
上文“Wearing a caveman mask(面具)”可知，此处指戴上面具，故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在它们
的腿上绑上了塑料带。A. dropped掉落；B. stepped迈；C. pressed按压；D. tied系上。由下文“the crows
they had caught and banded(他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦)”可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选D。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。A. unhappy不高兴的；B. beautiful漂亮
的；C. black黑色的；D. rare稀少的。由上文“caught crows”可知，乌鸦被捕所以不开心，故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来吗？”Marzluff博士
说，他是一位被亲切地称为Crowman的教授。A. hate讨厌；B. attack攻击；C. recognize识别；D. contact
联系。由下文“the crows scolded (责骂) loudly”和实验内容可知，研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带
子，然后将它们放了，之后戴上面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们，故选C。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员不戴口罩在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦没有反
应。A. wave挥舞；B. react反应；C. reply回复；D. turn转弯。由下文“to them”可知，此处指乌鸦没有任
何反应，react to固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”，故选B。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌
人”俯冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善的；C. different不同的；D. same同样的。由下文
“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具
走过，故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌
人”俯冲下去。A. enemies敌人；B. professors教授；C. owners主人；D. followers追随者。由下文“the
crows scolded(责骂) loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知，乌鸦把他们当成敌人，在
认出他们之后去攻击他们，故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。A. clothes衣服；B. faces脸；C. organs器官；D.
figures人物。由下文“They look, they think, they eyeball you”可知，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“乌鸦一直在观察我们，”Marzluff 博士说。A. expecting 期盼；B.
admiring钦佩；C. watching观看；D. tolerating忍受。由下文“They look”可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故
选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在看、在思考、在观察你，然后估计形势。A. estimating估计；B.
changing改变；C. restoring恢复；D. worsening变坏。由上文“They look, they think, they eyeball you,”和下
文“situation”可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，只有被捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。A. rigidly严格地；
B. automatically主动地；C. abnormally不正常地；D. threateningly威胁地。由下文“But in later tests, a(an)
increasing number of crows began scolding them,”可知，乌鸦攻击他们，对他们产生有威胁性的行为，故选
D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌鸦们互相得知（信息）。A. resulted导致；B. heard听到；C. learned学
习；得知；D. benefited使受益。由下文“pass this information”可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故
选C。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年
乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。A. promised承诺；B. identified发现；C. denied否认；D. clarified澄清。
由上文“Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year”和下文“that adults even pass this
information to their”可知，Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选
B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年
乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。A. young幼崽；B. neighbor邻居；C. partners伙伴；D. opponents对
手。由上文“adults even pass this information to their”可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，
故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。A. wings翅膀；
B. noses鼻子；C. legs腿；D. brains大脑。由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知，Marzluff博士的实验
让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选D。
3.（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer,
I felt much more 31 expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 32 . Strangely, I found
that the feelings of 33 to be perfectly tolerable; 34 , I was concerned with the ways that others
would perceive my nervous energy. A slight change of 35 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured
that I’d be 36 for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 37 . I was experiencing
anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more 38 .
You might have 39 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of senior
colleagues. And the more you try to 40 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 41 . Jamie Whitehouse, a
research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 42
, leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 43 . If so, then we need not try so hard to 44
a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 45 .
31．A．anxious B．comfortable C．cautious D．hesitant
32．A．exam room B．video call C．stage center D．teacher’s desk
33．A．burden B．loneliness C．conflict D．anxiety
34．A．besides B．instead C．therefore D．otherwise
35．A．voice B．appearance C．attitude D．routine
36．A．paused B．rejected C．assessed D．warned
37．A．knowledge B．experience C．process D．confidence
38．A．astonishing B．terrifying C．pressing D．confusing
39．A．noticed B．refreshed C．mentioned D．supposed
40．A．permit B．declare C．hide D．deserve
41．A．practical B．inaccurate C．unpredictable D．unnecessary
42．A．appealing B．annoying C．frustrating D．convincing
43．A．warmly B．apparently C．curiously D．casually44．A．remind B．require C．wander D．maintain
45．A．attention B．expectation C．emotions D．appreciation
【答案】
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．C 39．A 40．C
41．D 42．A 43．A 44．D 45．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者恐惧公开演讲，而且害怕别人看出自己紧张和不自信。然
而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。研究指出压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，
让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名作家，比起站在舞台中央，我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A.
anxious焦虑的；B. comfortable舒服的，自在的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“Like
many people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样，公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知，作者
更喜欢在纸上表达自己，即纸上表达自己更自在。故选B。
32．考查名词短语辨析。句意：作为一名作家，比起站在舞台中央，我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A. exam
room考场；B. video call 视频电话；C. stage center舞台中央；D. teacher’s desk 老师的课桌。根据上文
“Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样，公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知，
作者不喜欢公开演讲，站在舞台中央，故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人
会如何看待我紧张的情绪。A. burden负担；B. loneliness孤独；C. conflict冲突；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文
“others would perceive my nervous energy”可知，这里指焦虑的感受。故选D。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人
会如何看待我紧张的情绪。A. besides此外；B. instead相反；C. therefore因此；D. otherwise否则。根据后
文“I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy.”可知，作者可以忍受焦虑的
感觉，反而却是别人如何看自己的紧张情绪让作者更加关心，故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏
自信的非语言信号。A. voice嗓音；B. appearance外表；C. attitude态度；D. routine路线。根据后文“the
unconscious biting of my lip”可知，这里是在描述作者紧张时的活动，公开演讲肯定是嗓音有变化，故选
A。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏
自信的非语言信号。A. paused暂停；B. rejected拒绝；C. assessed评估；D. warned警告。根据后文“for
any non-verbal signal”可知，作者确信他人会评估自己缺乏自信的肢体语言。故选C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏
自信的非语言信号。A. knowledge知识；B. experience经历；C. process过程；D. confidence自信。结合上
文可知，作者害怕公开演讲，且担心别人发现自己的紧张情绪，作者会无意识的咬嘴唇，这都是缺乏自信
的表现。故选D。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的焦虑感到焦虑——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。A.
astonishing惊人的；B. terrifying可怕的；C. pressing紧迫的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“I wasexperiencing anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more”可知，作者对自
己的焦虑感到焦虑——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。故选C。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在面试或重要的工作会议上，你可能已经在资深同事面前注意到了这一点。
A. noticed注意到；B. refreshed使恢复精神；C. mentioned提及；D. supposed认为。根据后文“this yourself
before a job interview or important work meeting in front of senior colleagues”此处指在面试或重要的工作会议
上，在资深同事面前注意到自己的焦虑情绪，故选A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你越试图隐藏自己的情绪，别人就会越明显地感觉到。A. permit允许；B.
declare宣布；C. hide隐藏；D. deserve值得。根据后文“your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others”
可知，越是试图隐藏自己的焦虑，别人就会越明显地感觉到。故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。A.
practical实际的；B. inaccurate不准确的；C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. unnecessary不必要的。后文提到
“压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们”说明担心别人如何看待
自己焦虑的想法是不必要的。故选D。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员 Jamie Whitehouse表示，压力的明显迹象
通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。A. appealing吸引人的；B. annoying恼人的；
C. frustrating令人沮丧的；D. convincing令人信服的。根据后文“leaving others more likely to like us”可知，
压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，故选A。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员 Jamie Whitehouse表示，压力的明显迹象通
常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。A. warmly热情地；B. apparently显然；C.
curiously好奇地；D. casually随意地。结合上文“leaving others more likely to like us and treat us”可知，压力
的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的扑
克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。A. remind提醒；B. require需要；C. wander漫游；D.
maintain维持，保持。根据后文“a calm-and-collected poker face”指努力保持一张冷静和镇静的扑克脸，故
选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的扑
克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。A. attention注意力；B. expectation期待；C. emotions
情感；D. appreciation感激。结合上文提到紧张可以让他人对我们很热情，说明别人能理解自己的情感。故
选C。
4.（2023·山东日照·统考一模）A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot
elephant poachers(偷猎者) in real time. She won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for
her model of a machine-learning-driven software that 46 movement patterns in thermal videos of humans
and elephants. “I’m especially excited by the 47 focusing on endangered species and environmental
science,” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 48 for their tusks(牙). “I was
quite taken aback,” Puri said. “Because I always thought, ‘well, poaching is 49 ; how come it really is still
such a big 50 ?’”Over the next two years, Puri 51 the software EISa(short for elephant savior). This wildlife poacher
detection solution is based on a 52 process: an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone 53 over a
park on a drone and 54 the movements of elephants or humans. The software is four times more 55
than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also decreases the 56 for expensive high-resolution
thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old’s invention has eared 57 from notable scientists. “Puri’s software is quite
admirable,” says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist, “It’s quite 58 that a senor high school student has been
able to 59 something like this. Not only the research and the analysis, but also being able to 60
it in the models.”
46．A．analyzes B．changes C．repeats D．draws
47．A．discovery B．invention C．theory D．concept
48．A．trained B．protected C．killed D．raised
49．A．dangerous B．harmful C．unnecessary D．illegal
50．A．issue B．business C．burden D．effect
51．A．used B．created C．downloaded D．sold
52．A．similar B．natural C．simple D．gradual
53．A．passes B．spreads C．jumps D．flies
54．A．detects B．controls C．stops D．directs
55．A．expensive B．accurate C．active D．complex
56．A．wish B．value C．need D．preparation
57．A．income B．praise C．qualification D．confidence
58．A．strange B．essential C．mysterious D．remarkable
59．A．achieve B．record C．imagine D．learn
60．A．absorb B．repair C．mix D．apply
【答案】
46．A 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B
56．C 57．B 58．D 59．A 60．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了17岁的少年安妮卡·普里发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现
大象偷猎者。介绍了其发明经过和科学家的看法。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以机器学习驱动的软件模型获得了2022年佩吉·斯克里普斯科学传播奖，
该软件分析了人类和大象热视频中的运动模式。A. analyzes分析；B. changes改变；C. repeats重复；D.
draws画画。根据后文“movement patterns in thermal videos of humans and elephants”指分析运动模式。故选
A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：普里说:“这项专注于濒危物种和环境科学的发明让我特别兴奋。”A.
discovery发现；B. invention发明；C. theory理论；D. concept概念。根据后文“The 17-year-old’s invention”
可知这是一项发明。故选B。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，普里意识到，大象仍在被猎杀以获取象牙。A.
trained训练；B. protected保护；C. killed杀死；D. raised筹集。根据后文“for their tusks”可知，大象仍在
被猎杀以获取象牙。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“因为我一直在想，’嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问
题？’”A. dangerous危险的；B. harmful有害的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. illegal非法的。根据上文
“poaching is”指偷猎是非法的。故选D。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“因为我一直在想，’嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问
题？’”A. issue问题；B. business生意；C. burden负担；D. effect影响。此处指非法偷猎这一问题。故选
A。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，普里创造了软件 EISa(大象救世主的缩写)。A. used使
用；B. created创造；C. downloaded下载；D. sold出售。结合后文“The 17-year-old’s invention”可知，这个
软件是他创造的。故选B。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个简单的过程:一个连接在手
机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。A. similar相似的；B. natural自然的；
C. simple简单的；D. gradual逐渐的。根据后文“an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone”可知，过程只需
要一个连接在手机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，很简单。故选C。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个简单的过程:一个连接在手机
上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。A. passes通过；B. spreads传播；C. jumps
跳跃；D. flies飞。根据后文“over a park on a drone”可知，是无人机飞过公园。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个简单的过程:一个连接在手机
上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。A. detects发现；B. controls控制；C. stops
停止；D. directs指导。根据后文“the movements of elephants or humans”指无人机检测大象或人类的运动。
故选A。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法准确4倍。A. expensive昂贵的；B.
accurate精确的；C. active活跃的；D. complex复杂的。根据前后文“The software is four times more…than
existing state-of-the-art detection methods”指该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法准确4倍。故选B。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。A. wish希望；B. value
价值；C. need需要；D. preparation准备。根据后文“for expensive high-resolution thermal cameras”可知，软
件只需要无人机，即还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。故选C。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个17岁的发明受到了著名科学家的赞扬。A. income收入；B. praise赞
美；C. qualification资格；D. confidence自信。根据后文“Puri’s software is quite admirable”可知，发明受到
了赞扬。故选B。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能取得这样的成就，真是太了不起了。A. strange奇怪的；B.
essential必要的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. remarkable非凡的。结合上文“Puri’s software is quite admirable”
可知，科学家认为他的发明是出色卓越的。故选D。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能取得这样的成就，真是太了不起了。A. achieve实现；B.
record记录；C. imagine想象；D. learn学习。根据后文“something like this. Not only the research and theanalysis, but also being able to”指取得这样的成就。故选A。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅是研究和分析，而且能够应用到模型中。A. absorb吸收；B. repair修
理；C. mix混合；D. apply应用。根据后文“it in the models”指应用到模型中。故选D。
5.（2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测）More than anything, this is a book about
unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 61 through the narration (叙述) of Harley,
shows why the power of love can overcome the 62 that is part of every life journey.
Harley takes us along on all his 63 with his owner Jaeger — from growing up, being trained, to going
to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately, there’s enough time to explore 64
. “Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense, which 65 them when something’s not right. Looking back,
I’m glad she paid attention to her 66 warning.”
Through surgery, this smart dog 67 . It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears. But
chances of 68 look promising. After this experience, Harley 69 realizes that when someone has
cancer, the entire family will 70 . However, all the people playing a part in the process form an
unbreakable connection.
Harley’s 71 with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with their children.
But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to 72 this book.
Besides, it helps greatly that the book has a 73 ending.
As Jaeger notes, “The book spreads love to us. This small element can be 74 in the human and
animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That 75 couldn’t be any clearer than in this wonderful book.
61．A．explained B．presented C．designed D．included
62．A．misfortune B．unease C．inconvenience D．discomfort
63．A．packages B．dreams C．burdens D．adventures
64．A．mysteries B．problems C．cures D．challenges
65．A．forbids B．hits C．informs D．warns
66．A．active B．inner C．useful D．sudden
67．A．pushes throughB．bends down C．cheers up D．gets off
68．A．success B．recovery C．victory D．survival
69．A．innocently B．automatically C．gradually D．accidentally
70．A．suffer B．behave C．perform D．delay
71．A．competing B．battling C．continuing D．mixing
72．A．possess B．close C．share D．print
73．A．sad B．happy C．ridiculous D．unusual
74．A．decisive B．logical C．attractive D．influential
75．A．meaning B．principle C．message D．expression
【答案】61．B 62．A 63．D 64．C 65．D 66．B 67．A 68．B 69．C 70．A
71．B 72．C 73．B 74．D 75．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写的《哈利的丑角之心》这本书
的书评。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写，通过哈利的叙
述呈现，展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。A. explained解释；B. presented呈现；
C. designed设计；D. included包括。根据“shows why the power of love can overcome the 2 that is
part of every life journey.”可知，空处表示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选B。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misfortune 不幸；B. unease 不安；C. inconvenience 不便；D.
discomfort不适。根据“Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”可知，Harley的生命旅程中遭遇
了不幸。故选A。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——从成长，接受训
练，到参加狗展。A. packages包裹；B. dreams梦想；C. burdens负担；D. adventures冒险。根据“from
growing up, being trained, to going to dog shows.”可知，此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的
所有冒险。故选D。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A. mysteries神秘的事物；
B. problems 问题；C. cures 治疗；D. challenges 挑战。根据“Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”和
“Fortunately”可知，有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶格告诉我，每个人都有第六感，当事情不对劲时，它会发出警告。A.
forbids禁止；B. hits打击；C. informs通知；D. warns警告。根据“I’m glad she paid attention to her 6
warning.”可知，第六感会发出警告。故选D。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active积极的；B. inner
内心的；C. useful有用的；D. sudden突然的。根据“everyone has a sixth sense, which 5 them when
something’s not right.”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选B。
67．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过手术，这只聪明的狗狗成功了。A. pushes through排除困难办好某事；
B. bends down弯腰；C. cheers up使高兴起来；D. gets off下车。根据“Fortunately, there’s enough time to
explore 4 .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功度过了难关。故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。A. success成功；B. recovery恢复；C.
victory胜利；D. survival生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears.”和“but”可知，
上下文形成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会
看起来很有希望”。故选B。
69．考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到
影响。A. innocently天真地；B. automatically自动地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据
“After this experience”可知，经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。
故选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer遭受；B. behave表现；C. perform表演；D. delay推迟。根据
“when someone has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选A。71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注，他们会考虑和孩子一起读这
本书。A. competing竞争；B. battling斗争；C. continuing继续；D. mixing融合。根据“Harley is diagnosed
with bone cancer.”可知，此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选B。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但耶格提供了如此积极的视角，这本书更值得分享。A. possess拥有；B.
close关闭；C. share分享；D. print打印。根据“But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective”可知，此处
评价这本书值得分享。故选C。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。A. sad难过的；B. happy
高兴的；C. ridiculous荒唐的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据“Through surgery, this smart dog 7 ”
可知，狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选B。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如耶格所指出的，“这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小小的元素可以影
响人类和动物世界。”A. decisive决定性的；B. logical符合逻辑的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. influential有
影响的。根据“Love can defeat all.”可知，爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这本精彩的书中，这个信息再清楚不过了。A. meaning 意义；B.
principle原则；C. message信息；D. expression表达。根据“Love can defeat all.”可知，这本书传达爱能够
战胜一切这个信息。故选C。
6.（2023·湖南长沙·长郡中学校考一模）This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a
desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. The 76 is in Antarctica, and one of
the key 77 is the ability to count penguins(企鹅).
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 78 four postmen to live on the island from November to
March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it 79 as a museum. Although
employees each have unique 80 , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 81
place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 82 environmental data collection and
wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 83 . The
UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 84 for the position. They are mainly 85
to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the
2019-2020 season. It was a real 86 for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense
of community. You’ve got to 87 , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love
that sort of 88 ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is 89 . The total experience offers
both a different 90 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”
76．A．centre B．position C．aim D．unit
77．A．requirements B．characteristics C．virtues D．activities
78．A．persuades B．instructs C．encourages D．hires
79．A．exists B．transforms C．doubles D．develops
80．A．tastes B．talents C．roles D．backgrounds
81．A．temporary B．historic C．grand D．magical
82．A．in favor of B．in need of C．in possession of D．in charge of83．A．paid B．sought-after C．hard-won D．respectable
84．A．annually B．weekly C．monthly D．daily
85．A．invited B．devoted C．related D．drawn
86．A．joy B．lesson C．effort D．shock
87．A．get along B．show off C．break through D．give in
88．A．loneliness B．eagerness C．looseness D．togetherness
89．A．consistent B．rewarding C．potential D．pure
90．A．entrance B．answer C．attitude D．introduction
【答案】
76．B 77．A 78．D 79．C 80．C 81．B 82．D 83．B 84．A 85．D
86．A 87．A 88．D 89．B 90．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里员工不
仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物，还要负责数金鹅。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A. centre中心；B.
position 职位；C. aim 目标；D. unit 单位。根据上文“This year, hundreds of people around the world are
applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. (今年，世界各地有数百人正
在申请一份理想的工作，以经营世界上最偏远的邮局洛克罗伊港。)”可知，此处表示该职位在南极洲，故
选B项。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位在南极洲，其中一个关键要求是能够数企鹅。A. requirements要求；
B. characteristics特征；C. virtues美德；D. activities活动。根据空后“is the ability to count penguins(企鹅)”
可知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。故选A项。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，英国南极遗产信托基金都会雇用四名邮递员从 11月到3月住在岛上。
A. persuades说服；B. instructs指示；C. encourages鼓励；D. hires雇用。根据上文“applying for a desired
job”和下文“employees”可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，故选D项。
79．考查动词词辨析。句意：除了是一家拥有近80年历史的英国邮局外，它还兼作博物馆。A. exists存在；
B. transforms转移；C. doubles双倍；D. develops发展。前面提到洛克雷港是一个“post office”，空后又提
到“as a museum”，故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。double as表示“兼作”，故选C项。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜和照顾成千
上万的游客。A. tastes品味；B. talents人才；C. roles职能，角色；D. backgrounds背景。根据下文“they
are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 6 place and caring for the thousands of tourists.”可知，
此处表示员工各司其职，故选C项。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜和照顾成
千上万的游客。A. temporary暂时的；B. historic历史的；C. grand大的；D. magical魔法的。根据上文“a
nearly 80-year-old British-owned”和空前“preserving”可知，空处表示有历史意义的地方。故选B项。
82．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责环境数据收集和野生动物监测。A. in favor of赞成；
B. in need of需要；C. in possession of占有；D. in charge of负责。根据空前的“also”可知，本空应与前面的“responsible for”在含义上接近，故用in charge of表示“负责”，故选D项。
83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它仍然还是很抢手。A. paid有偿的；B. sought-after抢手的；
C. hard-won来之不易的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根据前文“there’s not much time for relaxation and rest”
可知这份工作没有多少时间休息和放松，再结合“Still(尽管如此)”可知，它仍然很抢手，故选B项。
84．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年收到数百份该职位的申请。A. annually每年；
B. weekly每周；C. monthly每月；D. daily每天。根据上文中的“This year, hundreds of people-desired job”
和下文中的“the 2019-2020 season”可知，此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年都会收到大量申请该职位的
信。故选A项。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们主要被洛克罗伊港吸引，因为它的历史和科学意义。A. invited邀请；
B. devoted投入；C. related相关；D. drawn吸引。根据空后“both for its history and its scientific significance”
可知，求职者们是被它的历史和科学意义吸引。故选D项。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。A. joy喜悦；B. lesson教训；C. effort努力；
D. shock休克。根据前文“Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying”可知该职位很抢手，但是Lucy Dorman申请
成功了，再结合下文中的“I really love”可知，此处表示对她来说，获得这个职位很让她开心。故选A项。
87．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易地离开对方。A. get along相处；
B. show off炫耀；C. break through突破；D. give in屈服。根据前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的
“you can’t get away from each other very easily.”可知，此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选A项。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很喜欢那种团结”，她说。A. loneliness孤独；B. eagerness渴望
C. looseness松弛；D. togetherness和睦相处。据前文“a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get
away from each other very easily.”可知，此处表示Lucy Dorman喜欢那种和睦相处，故选D项。
89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。A. consistent持续的；B. rewarding有
益的；C. potential有潜力的；D. pure纯粹的。根据空前的“what you can achieve here”和下文中的“The
total experience offers. your function on the planet.”可知，此处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。故选B项。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整体体验既提供了对世界的不同看法，也提供了对您在地球上的功能的新
观点。A. entrance入口；B. answer回答；C. attitude看法；D. introduction介绍。根据空前“offers both a
different”及空后的“a new viewpoint”可知，空处应为与“a new viewpoint”相对应，，表示对世界的不同看
法，故选C项。
7.（2022·湖南·校联考二模）Changsha, capital of central China’s Hunan Province, is 91 itself into
the country’s leading center of 92 manufacturing. The city’s cluster of engineering machinery companies
has been included in China’s first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters.
In recent years, Changsha has 93 promoted the high-quality development of its manufacturing
industry, improved the sector’s comprehensive strength and optimized its industrial 94 . The city has
continuously 95 its innovation capacity and seen a 96 of major innovation outcomes. It has also
promoted the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization, making its 97
manufacturing a 98 .
“As a 99 in building the cluster of engineering machinery companies, the Changsha Construction
Machinery Industry Association encouraged companies to 100 over 220 new products and technologies,among which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world, breaking technological 101
,” said Wu Jingsheng, executive vice president of the association.
The association also 102 in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition
held in Changsha and organized five themed forums. It also took part in the first China Construction Machinery
Leasing Conference held in the city, which attracted over 1,500 leasing companies for offline activities and over
20,000 enterprises for 103 activities.
“Changsha will build itself into a leading advanced manufacturing cluster in China and 104 an
example in this regard, so as to drive 105 industrial development in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan
metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province,” said Kang Xiaoping, director of the Changsha municipal
industry and information technology bureau.
91．A．transforming B．reforming C．catering D．devoting
92．A．industrial B．major C．advanced D．apical
93．A．randomly B．vigorously C．casually D．frequently
94．A．pattern B．standard C．design D．prospect
95．A．adjusted B．renewed C．enhanced D．accelerate
96．A．discovery B．tendency C．revise D．stream
97．A．unmanned B．sensitive C．special D．intelligent
98．A．helping hand B．calling card C．growing trend D．pulling arm
99．A．tutor B．pioneer C．follower D．core
100．A．put up B．set off C．roll out D．look into
101．A．steppingstones B．bottlenecks C．drawbacks D．ties
102．A．participated B．appeared C．directed D．starred
103．A．other B．online C．relevant D．vis-à-vis
104．A．build up B．turn to C．set up D．beat down
105．A．coordinated B．decentralized C．prosperous D．healthy
【答案】
91．A 92．C 93．B 94．A 95．C 96．D 97．D 98．B 99．B 100．C
101．B 102．A 103．B 104．C 105．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中部湖南省的省会长沙正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业
中心，介绍了其推动制造业发展所付出的努力以及取得的成就。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长沙，中国中部湖南省的省会，正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业中心。
A. transforming变换；B. reforming改革；C. catering迎合；D. devoting致力于。根据后文“itself into the
country’s leading center of”指长沙正在转型成为制造业中心。故选A。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长沙，中国中部湖南省的省会，正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业中心。
A. industrial工业的；B. major主要的；C. advanced先进的；D. apical顶端的。根据后文“The city’s cluster
of engineering machinery companies has been included in China’s first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturingclusters.”可知，长沙工程机械企业集群已被列入中国首批15个高端制造业集群名单，说明正在转型为全国
领先的先进制造业中心。故选C。
93．考查副词词义辨析。句意：近年来，长沙市大力推动制造业高质量发展，提升制造业综合实力，优化
产业模式。A. randomly随机地；B. vigorously有力地；C. casually随意地；D. frequently频繁地。根据后文
“promoted the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry”可知，要转型，说明要大力推动制造业
高质量发展，故选B。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近年来，长沙市大力推动制造业高质量发展，提升制造业综合实力，优化
产业模式。A. pattern模式；B. standard标准；C. design设计；D. prospect前景。根据上文“optimized its
industrial”可知，长沙要成为制造业中心，就要优化产业模式。故选A。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：创新能力不断增强，重大创新成果不断涌现。A. adjusted调整；B. renewed
重新开始；C. enhanced增强；D. accelerate加速。根据后文“its innovation capacity”可知，长沙在不断增强
创新能力。故选C。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：创新能力不断增强，重大创新成果不断涌现。A. discovery发现；B.
tendency趋势；C. revise修订；D. stream小河。根据后文“of major innovation outcomes”指重大创新成果不
断涌现，此处为a stream of表示“一系列”。故选D。
97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：推动信息化在工业化中的广泛应用，使智能制造成为中国的名片。A.
unmanned无人的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. special特别的；D. intelligent聪明的，智能的。根据上文“the
extensive application of information technologies”可知，长沙在推动信息化，即进行智能制造。故选D。
98．考查名词短语辨析。句意：推动信息化在工业化中的广泛应用，使智能制造成为中国的名片。A.
helping hand援助之手；B. calling card名片；C. growing trend发展趋势；D. pulling arm划水臂。根据上文
可知长沙为了成为制造业中心进行了种种努力，其目标是为了成为中国制造业的名片。故选B。
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“作为建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，长沙市工程机械行业协会鼓励企
业推出220多种新产品、新技术，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈。”协会常务副会
长吴京生说。A. tutor家庭教师；B. pioneer先锋；C. follower追随者；D. core核心。根据后文“which five
products are the first of their kind in China”可知，长沙是建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，故选B。
100．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“作为建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，长沙市工程机械行业协会鼓励
企业推出220多种新产品、新技术，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈。”协会常务副
会长吴京生说。A. put up提供；B. set off出发；C. roll out推出；D. look into调查。根据后文宾语“over
220 new products and technologies”指推出220多种新产品、新技术。故选C。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“作为建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，长沙市工程机械行业协会鼓励
企业推出220多种新产品、新技术，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈。”协会常务副
会长吴京生说。A. steppingstones踏脚石；B. bottlenecks瓶颈；C. drawbacks缺点；D. ties结。根据上文
“which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world, breaking technological”可知，长沙
推出的产品和技术中，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈，故选B。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：协会还参加了在长沙举办的第二届长沙国际工程设备展览会，并组织了
五场主题论坛。A. participated参加；B. appeared出现；C. directed指导；D. starred主演。根据后文“in the
second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition”指参加展览会，应用participate。故选A。103．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还参加了首届中国工程机械租赁大会，吸引了 1500多家租赁公司线
下活动，2万多家企业在网上活动。A. other其它的；B. online在线的；C. relevant有关的；D. vis-à-vis面
对面的。上文“which attracted over 1,500 leasing companies for offline activities and over 20,000 enterprises
for”提到了线下活动，故此处是在说明网上的活动情况。故选B。
104．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“长沙将打造中国领先的先进制造业集群，并在这方面树立榜样，以带
动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。”长沙市工业和信息化局局长康小平说。A. build up增
强；B. turn to求助于；C. set up建立；D. beat down打倒。根据后文“an example in this regard”指在某方面
树立榜样，应用set up an example。故选C。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“长沙将打造中国领先的先进制造业集群，并在这方面树立榜样，以
带动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。”长沙市工业和信息化局局长康小平说。A.
coordinated协调一致的；B. decentralized分散管理的；C. prosperous繁荣的；D. healthy健康的。根据后文
“industrial development in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province”可
知，长沙将带动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。故选A。
8.（2023上·广东·高三校联考开学考试）Every year, I look forward to meeting the Teacher of the Year for
Washington. It’s always fascinating to hear 106 in their field talk about their teaching.
This year’s conversation was 107 though. Unluckily, because of something unexpected, I couldn’t talk
with Amy Campbell, this time’s winner, 108 . The meeting had to take place over video chats. Unlike any
others, Amy is 109 —and so are her students. That’s because Amy is engaged in special education and all
her students have 110 . So she has to put forward 111 ways to draw them into their schoolwork.
I was 112 by how Amy customized(定制)learning programs. She told me about a schoolboy, who was
completely non-verbal, visually damaged, and couldn’t move his arms or legs. Rather than focus on what the boy
couldn’t do, Amy 113 what he could do, like nodding and shaking his head. She 114 a writing
system for him to effectively record what he did like his classmates.
Amy’s goal is to create an environment where all her students can 115 well and live happily. Instead of
being taught in the 116 model where special students are kept alone, her students are 117 into the
school. They have professional places to study and live in. They learn and socialize in the classrooms, eat in the
cafeteria, and play sports in the 118 .
Amy takes great pains to figure out exactly what 119 for each student. Her students with special needs
are 120 treated as the school members. They’re lucky to have her by their side.
106．A．doctors B．educators C．sportsmen D．businessmen
107．A．attractive B．entertaining C．different D．successful
108．A．in person B．in panic C．at night D．at home
109．A．professional B．unique C．generous D．humorous
110．A．advantages B．principles C．excuses D．disabilities
111．A．innovative B．common C．abstract D．ancient
112．A．discouraged B．interrupted C．impressed D．comforted
113．A．forgot B．hid C．rejected D．identified114．A．fit in with B．came up with C．adapted to D．objected to
115．A．learn B．play C．chat D．sit
116．A．political B．religious C．traditional D．creative
117．A．cheated B．forced C．sent D．integrated
118．A．study B．gym C．clinic D．shelter
119．A．works B．sings C．calls D．stands
120．A．secretly B．temporarily C．equally D．rudely
【答案】
106．B 107．C 108．A 109．B 110．D 111．A 112．C 113．D 114．B
115．A 116．C 117．D 118．B 119．A 120．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从事特殊教育的艾米·坎贝尔提出创新的方法来吸引残疾学生投
入到学业中。艾米定制学习计划的方式给作者留下了深刻印象。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听各自领域的教育工作者谈论他们的教学总是令人着迷的。A. doctors医
生；B. educators教育工作者；C. sportsmen运动员；D. businessmen商人。根据后文“in their field talk about
their teaching”可知这里是各自领域的教育工作者谈论他们的教学，故选B。
107．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，今年的对话有所不同。A. attractive 吸引人的；B. entertaining
娱乐的；C. different不同的；D. successful成功的。根据后文“The meeting had to take place over video chats.
(会议必须通过视频聊天进行)”可知，今年的对话变成了视频聊天，即有所不同。故选C。
108．考查介词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是，由于一些意想不到的事情，我无法亲自与这次的获胜者艾米·
坎贝尔交谈。A. in person亲自；B. in panic恐慌地；C. at night在夜里；D. at home在家。根据后文“The
meeting had to take place over video chats.(会议必须通过视频聊天进行)”可知，他们无法当面亲自交谈了，故
选A。
109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾米与众不同，她的学生也是如此。A. professional专业的；B. unique
独特的；C. generous 慷慨的；D. humorous 幽默的。根据后文“That’s because Amy is engaged in special
education(那是因为艾米从事特殊教育)”可知，艾米与众不同，因为她从事特殊教育。故选B。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是因为艾米从事特殊教育，她所有的学生都有残疾。A. advantages优势；
B. principles原则；C. excuses借口；D. disabilities残疾。根据上文“That’s because Amy is engaged in special
education(那是因为艾米从事特殊教育)”可知，艾米从事特殊教育，她所有的学生都有残疾。后文“She told
me about a schoolboy, who was completely non-verbal, visually damaged, and couldn’t move his arms or legs.(她
给我讲了一个男生的故事，他完全不能说话，视力受损，手臂和腿都不能动)”也是提示。故选D。
111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，她必须想出创新的方法来吸引他们投入到学业中来。A.
innovative革新的；B. common普通的；C. abstract抽象的；D. ancient古老的。根据后文“ways to draw
them into their schoolwork”可知，因为她的学生有残疾，所以她必须想出创新的方法来吸引他们投入到学业
中来。故选A。
112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米定制学习计划的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。A. discouraged使沮丧；
B. interrupted打断；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. comforted安慰。上文提到艾米提出创新的方法来吸引学生，由此推知作者对她制定学习计划的方式印象深刻。故选C。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米没有把注意力集中在男孩做不到的事情上，而是发现了他能做的事
情，比如点头和摇头。A. forgot忘记；B. hid隐藏；C. rejected拒绝；D. identified识别，发现。根据后文
“what he could do, like nodding and shaking his head”指艾米发现了残疾的男孩能做的事情，比如点头和摇
头。故选D。
114．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她想出了一个书写系统，让他像他的同学一样有效地记录他所做的事情。
A. fit in with 适合；B. came up with 提出，想出；C. adapted to适应；D. objected to反对。根据后文“a
writing system for him to effectively record what he did like his classmates”指她想出了一个让男孩和同学交流
的书写系统。故选B。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米的目标是创造一个让她所有的学生都能好好学习、快乐生活的环境。
A. learn学习；B. play玩耍；C. chat聊天；D. sit坐下。呼应后文“They have professional places to study and
live in.(他们有专业的学习和生活场所)”指艾米的目标是创造一个让她所有的学生都能好好学习、快乐生活
的环境。故选A。
116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的学生融入了学校，而不是在传统的模式下被孤立的特殊学生。A.
political政治的；B. religious宗教的；C. traditional传统的；D. creative创造性的。根据后文“model where
special students are kept alone”可知，导致残疾学生被孤立的是传统模式。故选C。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的学生融入了学校，而不是在传统的模式下被孤立的特殊学生。A.
cheated欺骗；B. forced迫使；C. sent发送；D. integrated合并，融入。上文“Instead of being taught in the”
中instead of表示“而不是”，说明她的学生没有被孤立，而是融入了学校。故选D。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在教室里学习和社交，在自助餐厅吃饭，在体育馆运动。A. study学
习；B. gym体育馆；C. clinic诊所；D. shelter收容所。根据上文“play sports in the”可知，做运动是在体育
馆。故选B。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米煞费苦心地找出对每个学生起作用的方法。A. works工作，起作用；
B. sings唱歌；C. calls打电话；D. stands站立。根据上文“Amy takes great pains to figure out exactly what”
以及艾米为残疾男孩想到书写系统，可知她找出能够对每个学生起作用的方法。故选A。
120．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的有特殊需要的学生和学校成员一样受到平等对待。A. secretly秘密地；
B. temporarily暂时地；C. equally平等地；D. rudely粗鲁地。根据后文“treated as the school members”以及
艾米的教学理念可知，她希望有残疾的学生可以得到平等对待，故选C。
9.（2023上·广东广州·高三执信中学校考开学考试）It’s common to post on social media to keep a record
of the fun things you do. Although social media has its positive aspects, it can also have some serious 121
results. For example, have you ever been bored and decided to check social 122 , only to find out that
your best friend is at the Great Wall, one of your classmates is eating delicious noodles at your 123
restaurant, and one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in Sichuan? Oh! You’re really 124
! At least that’s what you might think.
Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life 125 than you
are? Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FOMO.
FOMO is a real 126 that over 75% of young people experience from time to time. Social media isthe cause, because it’s so easy today to 127 through to see what your friends are doing, eating, buying
and talking about. 128 , it would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in
on social media. Rather than 129 this basic truth, though, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our
lives to those of others on social media. This 130 leaves us feeling dissatisfied. Why? We know all the
aspects of our lives—both good and bad. But all we see on social media are the 131 moments others
share. FOMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that can be hard to 132
. Researchers have found that social media and FOMO can cause feelings of 133 , loneliness and
boredom. Researchers advise that we stop looking for 134 on social media. If we let FOMO 135
us, the only thing we’ll really be missing out on is our own life. And life’s too short for that!
121．A．critical B．negative C．contradictory D．skeptical
122．A．contact B．relations C．media D．issues
123．A．favourite B．accessible C．extraordinary D．optional
124．A．missing out B．figuring out C．picking out D．running out
125．A．less B．further C．worse D．more
126．A．problem B．feeling C．framework D．term
127．A．glance B．look C．get D．pull
128．A．Occasionally B．Initially C．Unfortunately D．Oppositely
129．A．resisting B．realizing C．distinguishing D．analyzing
130．A．criterion B．understanding C．assessment D．comparison
131．A．abundant B．exact C．similar D．perfect
132．A．adjust B．break C．expect D．tell
133．A．surprise B．difficulty C．depression D．anger
134．A．benefit B．dignity C．happiness D．substitute
135．A．take away from B．take in C．take over D．take control of
【答案】
121．B 122．C 123．A 124．A 125．D 126．B 127．A 128．C 129．B
130．D 131．D 132．B 133．C 134．C 135．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着社交媒体深入人们的生活，也产生了一些严重的比如 FOMO这
样的消极后果。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然社交媒体有其积极的一面，但也可能产生一些严重的消极后果。
A. critical爱挑剔的，严重的；B. negative消极的；C. contradictory矛盾的；D. skeptical多疑的。根据上文
“Although social media has its positive aspects”可知，此处上下文是转折关系，上文提到积极方面，下文就
要提出消极方面。故选B项。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，你是否曾经感到无聊，决定查看社交媒体，却发现你最好的朋友
在长城，你的一个同学在你最喜欢的餐厅吃美味的面条，你的一个篮球队友在四川参观大熊猫?A. contact
联系，接触；B. relations关系，联系；C. media媒体；D. issues问题。根据下文“it would be impossible toenjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media”可知，此处指查看社交媒体。故选C项。
123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. favourite特别喜爱的；B. accessible易接近的，可进
入的；C. extraordinary非凡的，特别的；D. optional可选择的。根据上下文语境可知，此处指你的同学在
你最喜欢的餐厅吃面条。故选A项。
124．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你真的错过了。A. missing out错过，省略；B. figuring out解决，想出；
C. picking out 挑选出；D. running out 耗尽，到期。根据下文的“Researchers call that feeling the fear of
missing out”可知，此处指错过了那些体验。故选A项。
125．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你是否有过这样的感觉：别人比你更能体验事物，更能享受生活？A. less
更少；B. further更远；C. worse更糟糕；D. more更多。根据上文“experiencing things and enjoying life”可
知，此处指别人比你更能体验事物，更能享受生活。故选D项。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：FOMO是一个真实的感觉，超过75%的年轻人时不时的会经历它。A.
problem问题；B. feeling感觉；C. framework结构，构架；D. term术语，学期。根据上文“Researchers call
that feeling the fear of missing out or FOMO.”可知，FOMO是一个真实的感觉。故选B项。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体是原因，因为现在很容易浏览一下你的朋友在做什么，吃什么，
买什么，谈论什么。A. glance浏览，扫视；B. look看，注意；C. get得到；D. pull拉。根据下文“see what
your friends are doing, earing, buying and talking about”可知，此处指现在很容易在社交媒体上面浏览到你的
朋友在做什么，吃什么，买什么，谈论什么。故选A项。
128．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们不可能享受我们在社交媒体上看到的所有活动。A.
Occasionally偶尔；B. Initially最初，首先；C. Unfortunately不幸的是；D. Oppositely相反。根据下文“it
would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.”可知，我们不能体
验自己在社交媒体上看到的所有活动是不幸的事情。故选C项。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们并没有意识到这一基本事实，而是经常让FOMO引导我们在
社交媒体上将自己的生活与他人的生活进行比较。A. resisting 抵抗，抗报：B. realizing 意识到；C.
distinguishing区分，辨别；D. analyzing分析。结合下文“we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to
those of others on social media.”可知，此处指我们并没有意识到我们不能体验自己在社交媒体上看到的所有
活动这一基本事实，所以才会跟别人的生活相比较。故选B项。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种比较使我们感到不满。A. criterion标准；B. understanding理解；C.
assessment评定，估价；D. comparison比较。根据上文“compare our lives to those of others on social media”
可知，此处指这种比较使我们感到不满。故选D项。
131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在社交媒体上看到的都是他人分享的完美时刻。A. abundant大
量的；B. exact准确的；C. similar相似的；D. perfect完美的。根据上文的“We know all the aspects of our
lives—both good and bad. But”可知，生活中有好有坏，但是我们在社交媒体上看到的却都是他人分享的完
美时刻。故选D项。
132．考查动词词义辨析。句意：FOMO让我们更频繁地查看社交媒体，导致了一个难以避免的负面循环。
A. adjust调整，使……适合；B. break破坏，打破；C. expect期望；D. tell告诉。根据上文“that over75%of
young people are experiencing from time to time.”可知，有FOMO这种情况的年轻人很多，所以很难摆脱这
种感觉。故选B项。133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，社交媒体和 FOMO会导致抑郁、孤独和无聊感。A.
surprise 惊喜；B. difficulty 困难；C. depression 沮丧，抑郁；D. anger 生气。根据下文“loneliness and
boredom”可知，此处指FOMO引起的一些不好的感觉。故选C项。
134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员建议我们停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐。A. benefit利益，好处；
B. dignity尊严；C. happiness快乐；D. substitute代用品。根据上文的“It’s common to post on social media to
keep a record of the fun things you do”可知，此处指研究人员建议我们停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐。故选 C
项。
135．考查动词短语辨析。句意：FOMO控制我们，我们唯一真正错过的就是我们自己的生活。A. take
away from减损；B. take in吸收；C. take over接管；D. take control of控制。根据上文“we often let FOMO
lead us to compare our lives to those of others on social media”和“FOMO makes us check social media more
frequently”可知，此处指FOMO控制我们了我们是生活。故选D项。
10.（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 136
about their impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 137 by AI technology that allows you to have human-
like 138 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 139 you with tasks, such
as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 140 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the
fastest-growing app of all time, 141 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 142
essays, articles, and poetry has only 143 its appeal. It is also equally 144 at coding and
productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 145 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner
for both new and 146 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 147 . Such restrictions include the inability to
answer questions that are worded in a 148 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question.
A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 149 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is
limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 150 of events or news that have occurred since
then. Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
136．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts
137．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained
138．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations
139．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany
140．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose
141．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting
142．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate
143．A．added to B．connected to C．devoted to D．owed to
144．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed
145．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe
146．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced147．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages
148．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural
149．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity
150．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness
【答案】
136．B 137．A 138．D 139．C 140．A 141．B 142．D 143．A 144．C
145．B 146．D 147．A 148．C 149．B 150．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们开展对话，协助
我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧。A. requests请
求；B. concerns担忧；C. emotions情绪；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“their impact on everything happening in
our society”和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。故选B。
137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行
类似人类的对话等等。A. driven驱动；B. followed跟随；C. inspired启发；D. entertained使有兴趣。根据下
文“by AI technology”和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱动自然语言的处理。故选A。
138．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行
类似人类的对话等等。A. conflicts冲突；B. challenges挑战；C. interests利益；D. conversations对话。根据
下文“The language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT可以回答用户的问题，所以应该是允许用户
进行类似人类的对话。故选D。
139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写电子邮件、论
文和代码。A. manage 管理；B. control 控制；C. assist 协助；D. accompany 陪伴。根据上文“a natural
language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，在这些任务上ChatGPT
作为自然语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。故选C。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以
来增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。A. ability 能力；B. chance 机会；C.
responsibility责任；D. purpose目的。根据下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of
questions”可推知，这应该是ChatGPT具有的能力。故选A。
141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以
来增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1亿用户。A. consulting咨询；B. reaching达到；C.
introducing介绍；D. counting计数。根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT成
为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达到了1亿用户。故选B。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. cause引起；
B. return返回；C. exist存在；D. generate生成。根据上文“composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，
ChatGPT可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选D。
143．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. added
to增加；B. connected to连接；C. devoted to致力于；D. owed to欠。根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能力会增加ChatGPT的吸引力。故选A。
144．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。A. determined坚定的；
B. equipped装备齐全的；C. talented有才能的；D. alarmed惊慌的。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”
可知，ChatGPT是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务方面表现出色，be talented in是固定短
语，意为“在……方面表现出色，在……方面有才能”。故选C。
145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的
程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. save 保存；B. create 创造；C. choose 选择；D. describe 描述。根据上文
“coding”可知，ChatGPT会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创造代码。故选B。
146．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富
的程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. cautious 谨慎的；B. untrained 未经训练的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D.
experienced 有经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说，
ChatGPT都是强大的合作伙伴。故选D。
147．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但ChatGPT仍然有局限。A. limitations局
限；B. possibilities可能性；C. requirements要求；D. advantages优势。根据下文“Such restrictions”可知，
此处在讨论ChatGPT的局限。故选A。
148．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它
才能理解输入的问题。A. right正确的；B. suitable合适的；C. specific特定的；D. natural自然的。根据下
文“as it requires rewording to understand the input question”可知，ChatGPT需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问
题，所以应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问题。故选C。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。A. approaches 方法；B.
responses 回应；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据上文“The language model can answer
questions”可知，ChatGPT会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是提供的回复没有质量。故选B。
150．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。A. notice通知；B. question问
题；C. feeling感觉；D. awareness意识。根据上文“Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to
2021.”可知，ChatGPT的数据只更新到2021年，所以应该是不了解2021年之后的事情，have awareness of
sth.意为“了解……”。故选D。
