文档内容
重难点 04 阅读理解主旨大意题
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对
文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读
短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文
章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
预计2024年高考主旨大意题仍旧占比0-1题。
近 3 年新高考主旨大意题数据分析
试卷类型 年份 篇序 体裁 话题 题量
新高考I卷 2023 D 议论文 集体商议的智慧 1
新高考II卷 2023 B 记叙文 学校菜园项目 1
新高考I卷 2022 D 说明文 语音演变 1
新高考II卷 2022 C 说明文 科学技术 1
新高考I卷 2021 D 议论文 情商的科学 1
新高考II卷 2021 C 说明文 推动艺术教育的发展 1
规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？
1、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的
主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。2、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主
题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
规律方法2：如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思
想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、
推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法3：如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有
鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题
句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主
题句。0
典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考卷II B篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for
middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban
Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as
soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening thatthey bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
典例二
（2023·新高考卷I D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which
illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he
conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite
accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,
they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same
errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that
people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
1. （2023·山东·统考二模）A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts,
published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally
active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees
feel less lonely and isolated (孤立的).
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in
seniors and the pandemic (疫情) increased the risks due to the need for seniors to stay home and isolate, according
to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The
participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits
and a discussion afterwards, while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who
participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. “Our study showed that art-based
activities may be an effective intervention (干预),” lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor at the University
of Montreal, said in the press release. “On a global scale, this participatory art-based activity could become a modelthat could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.”
The proposal reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization to manage certain diseases,
according to Beauchet. For instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using
community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component (成分) of improving health. Traditionally,
these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools, community centers, and workplaces. “While
these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people, there are additional organizations and sectors that
could become partners in public health research and practice development,” Beauchet said. “Museums are among
such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types
of activities they offer.”
1．How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums?
A．They get survival skills. B．They raise interest in art.
C．They improve quality of life. D．They connect more with family.
2．What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3?
A．Participants come from the whole world.
B．The museum needs better cultural events.
C．Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D．Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
3．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To advocate. B．To criticize. C．To expose. D．To warn.
4．Which may be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness.
B．Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well-being.
C．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together.
D．Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums.
2.（2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）In a modern society, the public can share many things, such
as bicycles and cars. That is commonly referred to as a “sharing economy”. If “shared grannies” sounds new, that is
because it is a new idea in Chinese society.
A team of elderly women who serve as “shared grannies”, in Shipingcun Community, Chongqing recently
received praise online. They help working parents pick up their children from school, help children with their
homework, and take children to different kinds of activities.
The team has nine women in their 60s or 70s, most of whom live alone. They volunteer to look after more than
20 students from Yangshilu Primary School.
The community, with 6,500 households, has more than 20000peopleof whom more than 5,000 are aged 60 or
older. And there are many working parents unable to pick up their children from school, and many of those parents
do not have anyone to pick up their children. So they are in badly need of help.
On the other hand, many elderly women in the community are not ready to settle into retired(退休的)life, and
they are eager to continue to do something for their community. So the “shared grannies” program was set up inApril.
Deng Lihong, 66, volunteered to be a “shared granny”. “Although we are old, we should still do something
good for our country. Children are the future of our country. I feel young and pleasant with the children, and my
retired life is meaningful,” she says.
Cui Jingqin, a self-employed laborer, has relied on the “shared grannies” since the program began. “My son
loves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care of our children after school,” she says.
Peng Mei, secretary of the Party Committee of Shipingcun Community, says that in addition to ‘shared
grannies’ they also call on college students to serve as volunteers, buy more books and organize more activities for
children.
5．Which of the following is the task of “shared grannies”?
A．Sending children to school. B．Helping do the housework.
C．Organizing some activities. D．Looking after children after school.
6．Which word can best describe “shared grannies”?
A．Financially difficult. B．Beneficial.
C．Educated. D．Open-minded.
7．Why did the author mention “Cui Jingqin”?
A．To show children largely rely on this program.
B．To show women with children live a hard life.
C．To show parents are satisfied with this program.
D．To show women play an important part in society.
8．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．A New Global Trend B．A New Kind of Sharing
C．Children and Their Grandmas D．The Comeback of Shared Grandma
3.（2023·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）For many consumers, low prices are often equal to cheap products. While
everyone loves a good bargain (特价商品), low prices can harm how your product is viewed. Instead of getting a
great deal, customers often believe that you get what you pay for. Though everyday low-pricing strategies can work
for some companies, they’re not always the best idea for certain lines of business.
Consumer perceptions play a significant role in strategic pricing. Despite all the promotions surrounding great
deals, it turns out that cheaper isn’t always better. Research from Vanderbilt University suggests that low prices can
backfire because consumers sometimes see them as signs of low-quality products. However, researchers also found
that consumers sometimes see low prices as simply good deals. Shoppers’ perceptions depend on what they’re
thinking about when deciding whether or not to buy a product.
If consumers come across a low-priced product or service, they may see it as either a good deal or not worth
their time and money. How consumers think about price is just as important as the actual price itself.
Consumers rarely have complete information and use various strategies to fill gaps in their knowledge when
considering products. One strategy involves using naive theories: informal explanations used by consumers to make
sense of their environment. A consumer may perceive an upscale (高档的) company’s prices are too high or assumediscount retailers’ (零售店) products are inferior (次的) due to its reputation being associated with lower quality
items than other stores selling similar goods.
Companies can influence how customers feel about their low prices by conducting market research and
improving marketing strategies focused on highlighting product quality rather than just value alone which tends
towards making people rate cheaper products more favorably. When companies focus on the product quality in
marketing materials, consumers look more favorably upon more expensive products. However, when companies
focus on value, consumers rate cheap products more favorably.
Businesses can also identify their customer base and narrow their marketing efforts to become perceived as a
specialist. This leaves customers less likely to question pricing strategies because they trust that the company
knows what it’s doing and has done its research into what works best for them.
9．What does research from Vanderbilt University suggest?
A．Strategic pricing determines shoppers’ perceptions.
B．Promotions are linked with high-quality products.
C．Consumers only see low prices as a real bargain.
D．Consumers’ perceptions of low prices vary greatly.
10．What does the underline word “backfire” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Produce an opposite result. B．Cause a serious explosion.
C．Meet people’s expectations. D．Have a positive effect.
11．How can companies influence consumers’ feelings about their low prices?
A．By emphasizing product quality. B．By targeting a wider audience.
C．By offering more promotions. D．By lowering prices even further.
12．What is the best title of this article?
A．Low prices are always a good thing for businesses
B．Low prices can sometimes scare off customers
C．Companies should focus on value rather than quality
D．Companies should ignore consumers’ perceptions of price
4.（2023·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Cooking or baking has become a common cure for stress or feeling
down, but there might actually be some science behind it. A study conducted by researchers followed 658 people
for two weeks and found that a little creativity each day can go a long way towards happiness and satisfaction in
daily life.
“There is growing recognition in psychology research that creativity is associated with emotional
functioning,” Tamlin Conner, lead author on the study, explained. “However, most of this work focuses on how
emotions benefit or prevent creativity, not whether creativity benefits or hampers (妨碍) emotional well-being.” By
following detailed diaries kept by the study subjects, Conner found that in addition to feeling happier, people who
worked on little creative projects every day also felt they were “flourishing”—a psychological term that describes
the feeling of personal growth.
This isn’t the first time researchers have drawn a line connecting making food with positive feelings. In recentyears, psychologists have started spending more time exploring cooking and baking as a therapeutic (治疗的) tool
to help people dealing with things like depression and anxiety.
“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amount of sugar or butter I need for a recipe—I am in control,” baker
John Whaite, who won “The Great British Bake Off” in 2012, told BBC．
For people like Whaite, who is suffering from manic depression, baking can help their mood by providing
small tasks to focus on in a manner similar to meditation (冥想). In order to put together a good meal, cooks have
to be constantly in the moment, adding ingredients, adjusting the heat of the stove and tasting their food—all of
which can be helpful techniques in treating some forms of mental illness.
“A lot of us turn to baking when we’re feeling low.” Melanie Denyer, the founder of the Depressed Cake
Shop, a bakery designed to draw awareness to mental health conditions, says. “Some of us even started baking
because they were ill and needed something simple as a focus. And there is genuinely something very therapeutic
about baking.”
Baking may not be a be-all and end-all cure for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should
consider pulling out the flour and warming up the oven.
13．What is the focus of most psychology research on creativity and emotions?
A．The benefits of creative projects on emotions.
B．The impacts of emotion on creativity.
C．The harm of creativity to emotional well-being.
D．The effects of creativity on emotional well-being.
14．Why do some psychologists explore cooking as a therapeutic tool?
A．To provide an alternative form of meditation.
B．To promote healthy and balanced eating habits.
C．To assist individuals in handling mental problems.
D．To help people with serious physical illnesses.
15．How did John Whaite benefit from baking?
A．It won him “The Great British Bake Off”.
B．It helped him gain a sense of control.
C．It cured his depression through meditation.
D．It enabled him to become more creative.
16．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Cooking and baking are creative activities.
B．Baking is a complete cure for mental illness.
C．Small creative tasks lead to improved emotional well-being.
D．Following recipes leads to personal growth in creativity.
5.（2023·江苏苏州·统考模拟预测）Microsoft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT to control robots
with simple text commands. The approach means people with no engineering experience will be able to instruct
robots to carry out tasks.Microsoft said the research was intended “to see if ChatGPT can think beyond text, and reason about the
physical world to help with robotics tasks”. Robots are typically controlled by software that has been written by
humans and sets out precise instructions, or else by some form of network Al that can learn to carry out tasks based
on large numbers of examples.
Neither Microsoft nor Open Al responded to a request for comment on this, but Microsoft said ChatGPT
allows a user to monitor the process. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time control of the robot, but simply creates the
code that controls it. Microsoft said ChatGPT output shouldn’t be used directly to control a robot without “careful
analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky to even begin thinking about placing Al in control of physical machines.
Mark Coeckelbergh at the University of Vienna, Austria, says that regulations may be needed in order to set
out where Al can be used and who is responsible should things go wrong. “It’s a very dangerous thing to just say
‘let’s give control of these computers to AI’,” says Coeckelbergh. “The problem with contemporary artificial
intelligence is that it’s not transparent(透明的) to the user. That’s a huge problem.”
Others were doubtful about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen
Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that Al language models are convincing mimics (模仿
者), but that their real ability — including their adaptability to control robots — is often overblown. “I think
Microsoft, and most people who design robots,overstate what they can and can’t do,” she says.
17．What’s the purpose of the research conducted by Microsoft?
A．To prove ChatGPT’s capacity to carry out tasks.
B．To test ChatGPT’s ability to control robots.
C．To teach ChatGPT to give accurate instructions.
D．To identify the hidden problems of ChatGPT.
18．What attitude does Microsoft show towards the direct use of ChatGPT onto a robot?
A．Curious. B．Optimistic. C．Supportive. D．Opposed.
19．What does Mark Coeckelbergh want to convey?
A．It’s safe to use Al to control physical machines.
B．AI’s adaptability to control robots is reliable.
C．Regulations of Al use should be in place.
D．The problem with Al is still under debate.
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．ChatGPT tells robots what to do
B．Power of ChatGPT is changing us
C．Problems of ChatGPT need solving
D．Al takes control of robots wisely
6.（2023·江苏苏州·统考模拟预测）There’s no tune, no lyrics and you can’t dance to it. Don’t let that put you
off: white noise is the music industry’s next big thing. Streaming services have seen an explosion of tracks in the
last year consisting entirely of recordings of rainfall, ocean waves and winds.
Some of the recordings have earned their creators millions of pounds. Record companies and tech firms havetaken notice. Apple is including background noise in its next operating system, and TikTok has been promoting
pink noise and brown noise — sounds with lower frequencies as an aid to concentration for students at the start of
the school year.
Noise fans say that studying, sleeping and meditation (冥想) are all enhanced by listening to these sounds at
proper levels. The economics of music-streaming mean noise-makers can cash in. Someone falling asleep to White
Noise Baby Sleep’s 90-second track Clean White Noise on repeat for seven hours will win up 280 plays. By last
Friday it had been played 837 million times, worth an estimated $2.5m in royalties (版税). The lead track on
Spotify’s own Rain Sounds playlist, two minutes of rainfall, has more than 100m plays.
In contrast, Laura Mvula only has 541,000 Spotify streams for the title track of this year’s award-winning
album, Pink Noise — not a slice of sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pop that took her three years to make.
Spotify, Apple Music, and other streaming services pay royalties in roughly the same way. They set aside a total pot
for royalties, which is then divided up between distributors, record labels, recording artists and songwriters. That
means that Mvula will get a smaller slice of the Spotify pie than White Noise Baby Sleep, although most of it goes
to the major record companies.
It’s hard to work out who is making such noise. Spotify lists White Noise Baby Sleep’s songwriting credits as
belonging to an Erik Eriksson. It’s not obvious who Eriksson is or whether he is part of a larger organization, but
the Medium website One Zero last year established that many of the artists’ names are pseudonyms (假名) used by
companies.
21．Which of the following best describes white noise?
A．Tuneful. B．Confusing. C．Pricey. D．Profitable.
22．How does the author describe the popularity of white noise in Paragraph 3?
A．By presenting some statistics.
B．By making classifications.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By giving a definition.
23．What does the author want to show by mentioning Laura Mvula’s Pink Noise?
A．White noise is more popular.
B．Pink noise has gone out of date.
C．How Mvula gets paid.
D．Who makes huge profits.
24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Tips for attracting more white noise fans.
B．Challenges some companies are faced with.
C．Difficulty in identifying the copyright holders.
D．Ways to improve the qualities of credits.
7.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know
it or not.“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性
情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless
of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that
favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support,
with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and
become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s
attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they
believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do
not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s
favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may
feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way
they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity,
resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for
things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things
might be taken away fromthem at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all
different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do.
“According to research, parents don’t talkabout this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If
they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman
25．What can we learn about unfavored children?
A．They want to please their parents
B．They care little about their siblings.
C．They tend to lack a sense of identity
D．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
26．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Blessing. B．Challenge. C．Honor. D．Burden.
27．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph?
A．Treat their children equally
B．Explain themselves to their children
C．Strengthen their bond with their children
D．Remove the differences between their children
28．What is the text mainly about?
A．The solutions to parental favoritism
B．The consequences of parental favoritismC．An analysis of why parents play favorites
D．A contrast between favored and unfavored children
8.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes.
The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures.
They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻
画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they
appear.
One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack
humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey (猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out
humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the
balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles.
Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present though,
the turtles are scared away, holding back their appetite for seagrass and protecting its growth.
Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of
humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they
mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is
happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according
to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have
medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do.
29．What do most people think about sharks?
A．They are ugly.
B．They are important
C．They are violent.
D．They are complicated.
30．The author compares shark bites to lightning strikes to show they are_________.
A．Deadly B．rare C．unavoidable D．unpredictable
31．Why should sharks be scared of humans according to the author?
A．Humans keep sharks to show off.
B．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C．Humans catch sharks for medical research.
D．Humans are greater in number than sharks
32．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B．Sharks: King of the Ocean
C．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis
D．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood?9.（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning
to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will
collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s
really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat
and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat
trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and
precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where
much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate
scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing,
huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya
Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or
from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data
gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and
darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two
dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was
previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total
gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
33．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely?
A．Advanced radar technology. B．The high-definition computer.
C．The three-dimensional image. D．An accurate map of elevations.
34．What is the major mission of Swot?
A．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B．To tackle the consequence of global warming.
C．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
D．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO .
2
35．What is Tamlin’s attitude towards Swot’s performance?
A．Objective. B．Vague. C．Uninterested. D．Approving.
36．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．A Solution to Climate Change B．First Global Water Survey from Space
C．A Breakthrough in Space Travel D．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
10.（2022·山东青岛·统考一模）You might think of it as a scene from martial arts movies when you see
people performing graceful moves down the river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of
intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamboo drifting.Over 2,000 years ago, the high-quality wood, nanmu, in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court
more than 2,000 kilometers to the north. With no better transportation, people had to stand on one log to drift down
the river. Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born. In the Qing
Dynasty, wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price. Due to the great strength and
balance it takes for one to master this act, bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage
list in 2021.
Yang Liu, a 25-year-old inheritor of bamboo drifting, learned it at seven. “Usually, the bamboo under your feet
is about 9 meters long, and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters. If the length or diameter of the bamboo is
not long enough, it will not be buoyant (有浮力的) enough to float. Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the
narrow bamboo pole is the key, so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle. I lost my
balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how to
handle the most difficult part,” she said.
The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going. In the past 18 years, she has drifted all year round, in cold
winter and hot summer. As hanfu culture has been on the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while performing,
creating a more beautiful scene. In 2020, Yang began to post her videos on social media. “I’m extremely proud to
get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.
It’s my mission to keep it alive and known to more people,” Yang Liu says.
37．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?
A．Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills.
B．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land.
C．Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2,000 years ago.
D．The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage.
38．What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting?
A．Keeping balance. B．Maintaining a fixed angle.
C．Finding the proper bamboo. D．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands.
39．What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting?
A．Impossible. B．Confusing. C．Unbelievable. D．Complicated.
40．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Balancing with Grace B．Yang Liu: a Creative Performer
C．Transporting Bamboo down the River D．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou
