文档内容
热点 10 科普知识之阅读理解押题
高考卷D篇常为科普类体裁，科普类阅读理解一般阅读难度较高，对考生的知识储备和发散性思维有一定
的要求。如2023年新高考I卷D篇阅读，主题是进行小组讨论的重要性。2022年新高考I 卷D篇，主题
是语音学的研究发现。由此可见科普阅读在高考英语阅读理解题中占着较大比例。预测2024年高考科普阅
读题依然平稳。
科普说明文阅读技巧
策略一：抓住文体特征：主题句：背景引入后\首句
四个部分：标题（简明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主题（明确提出主题+详细说明）--通过实验、研究、
举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心
Who-文章的主体是谁（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
the findings of the research & background
What-文章的主体做了什么（即主体表现出的特征、功能和用途）
Its feature,functions and usage
When and Where-何时何地（即何时何地表现Characteristic）
How-How did the research preform?
（The Data and Analysis of the Research）
Why-特性功能用途的原因（即Why is the research important?）
策略二：抓关键句--首末句 +作者态度句；策略三：抓出题处：⑴在列举处命题。⑵在例证处命题，句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instanc
e 等 引 导 作 为 例 证 ， 这 些 例 句 或 比 喻 就 成 为 命 题 者 设 问 的 焦 点 。 （ 3 ） 转 折
but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the other hand,by contrast
;。⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且
关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题，包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不
定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
（6）带总结归纳（thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,as a result,in a word,in summary,in brief）;
（7）表达观点，总括的动词(believe,think,assume,suggest,show,conclude,find that,draw the conclusion
that,discover that);
（8）问句--设问句\反问句（问句中的内容和答案---即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点）
策略四： “玩转”生词，长难句
A. 对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词，忽略不计。
B. 影响理解及解题关键生词-一定要猜出。
策略五： 判断推理题
1.不能夸大事实，过度推断。
2.不能主观臆断，无中生有。
3.文中细节，事实不是推断
典例分析
（2023·新高考I卷D）（2023·新高考I卷D）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton
published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment
of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates
could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,
they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same
errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that
people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The
key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was
significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
3．What did the follow-up study focus on?
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
1.（2023·山东临沂·统考二模）Have you ever wished you could be better organised or more sociable?
Perhaps you’re a constant worrier, and you’d prefer to be a little more carefree?
Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change some elements of their personality.
In the past, such desires appeared to be unachievable. Like the proverbial leopard that could never change its spots,
our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds.
Recent scientific research, however, proves this expectation of personality’s permanence wrong. With the right
psychological strategies and enough effort, many people can successfully shape their core personalities into what
they desire.
Our genes almost certainly play a role: it’s why people’s personalities often reflect their biological parents’
ones. The influence of our social environment was thought to end in early adulthood, as the brain reached maturity.
If this were true, it wouldn’t be possible to shift personality at will. Yet that is exactly what psychology professor
Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with a series of groundbreaking studies.
The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities
people wish to adopt. A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal ofintroducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket.
The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they generate to become habitual. In the first trial,
provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks, their personalities shifted in the desired direction.
Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial. The differences of participants’ personalities before and after
the intervention were still apparent three months after the experiment had ended. As Aristotle argued more than
2,300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.
The unexpected plasticity of our minds should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more
sociable, organised, or happy-go-lucky. Another potential benefit is that awareness of this research could help
improve mental health.
1．Why is “leopard” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To explain that our minds consist of virtues and flaws.
B．To show the similarity between leopards and human beings.
C．To prove a possibility that people can change their personality.
D．To demonstrate the previous belief that personalities remain fixed.
2．What can be inferred about the “interventions”?
A．The two trials reached different conclusions. B．Activities are tailored to specific personalitites.
C．The purpose is to better people’s personalities. D．People’s personalities can be changed but can’t last.
3．What has Nathan Hudson’s team shown through their studies?
A．The previous expectation of personality’s permanence was confirmed.
B．The influence of our social environment ends when the brain matures.
C．The desire to change some elements of our personality can be achieved.
D．Our genes play a greater role in our personality than social environment.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．We Are What We Do B．Habits Make Things Easier
C．Your Personality Is Not Set In Stone D．A Leopard Never Changes Its Spots
2.（2023·福建南平·统考三模）A recent paper describes bees rolling tiny wooden balls, not for a reward, but
apparently just for fun. This discovery emphasizes a long-standing conflict in our view of animals. On the one
hand, we want to find the features that distinguish humans from other animals: tools, language and a theory of
mind. On the other hand, we delight in finding animals that break those boundaries: chimps, crows and now bees
that use tools, dolphins with signature whistles. But what do those boundaries mean?
As a biologist who studies animal behaviour, I am puzzled by this effort to rank animals by their capabilities. I
applaud the desire to show that animals are like us, but we can recognize animals for what they are, and be amazed
at their abilities, without having to make their behaviour mirror that of humans.
Once we get out from the assumption that animals have to be like people with human motivations and
feelings, we are freed up to consider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviours. For example, the same
serotonin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) exploration in crayfish. In a tank divided into
well-lit and shadowy areas, crayfish explore both, but prefer the darker areas, consistent with their night lifestyle.Does this mean crayfish experience anxiety? No. In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting some very
interesting behaviour that has nothing to do with wanting to “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply
assume they are playing just like people. I am not disparaging the bee researchers’ conclusions, and I am not trying
to be a killjoy, but there is something about all this humanizing that prevent exploration, instead of encouraging it.
5．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To list out facts. B．To raise an argument.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To explain a concept.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Behaviour mechanisms work. B．Crayfish prefer the light sections.
C．The assumption proves reasonable. D．Animals are similar to human in mind.
7．What does the underlined word “disparaging” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Criticizing. B．Explaining.
C．Confirming. D．Acknowledging.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Feelings: Guiding Human Being B．Boundaries: Making No Sense
C．Humanizing: Covering the Truth D．Animals: Mirroring Human Behaviours
3.（2023·福建泉州·统考模拟预测）All human languages use vowels and consonants (元音和辅音) to
express ideas. Most primates (灵长类) communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes (猿),
like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like sounds to varying degrees. This raises the question of where consonants
came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see
how common consonants are among the great apes.
He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees, produce a greater number and
variety of consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like
kiss sounds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sounds while building nests or
communicating with their young.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are export at processing protected foods,
like nuts, which often requires tools. While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to
maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing
them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.
This advanced motor skill enables orangutans to make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could
mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a
growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues
Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he
questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which
could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.9．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Why vowels and consonants are used. B．What ideas the consonants express.
C．Where the consonants came from. D．How common the consonants are.
10．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans?
A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools.
C．They show stability in controlling arms. D．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths.
11．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings?
A．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest ancestors.
B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys.
D．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits.
12．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption?
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
4.（2023·福建福州·统考模拟预测）During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled
her with awe. It was the sight of her son, Justin, dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s
central air conditioning had stopped working in the middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and
he’d shown up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and
appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or
expands our thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can
also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to
help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people
can bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping
changes. We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the
phone. But it happens in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his
then-five-year-old daughter. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and
handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to
notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
13．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story?
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
14．What is the benefit of awe?
A．It stops our anxiety. B．It simplifies our thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs. D．It promotes positive emotions.
15．In which situation can we feel awed between the nearest?A．Admiring scenery in a national park.
B．Enjoying classic music in a concert hall.
C．Receiving a call from a long-lost friend.
D．Getting the signature of a famous athlete.
16．What can be implied from the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time of trouble.
B．Behave in an awesome way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance of finding awe.
5.（2023·福建三明·统考三模）“Shyness can stop you from doing all the things in life that you’d like to,”
the Smiths once sang. However, research suggests that may not be the case when working as a team.
Researchers have found that when animals temper their personalities because of social rules, the efficiency of
a group to undertake risky missions—such as foraging (觅食) for food—is boosted. “We see this phenomenon
happening when we mix together a school of fish with wildly different personalities: the very fearless individuals
and the very shy individuals tend to control what they would normally be doing when they stick with the rest of the
group,” said Dr. Sean Rands, the lead author of the research at the University of Bristol.
Writing in the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the researchers reported how they built a computer
model to investigate the impact of social conventions and animals’ personalities on the movement of individuals
within a group. The model was based on an assumption in which a group of animals in a safe “home” set out to
travel to a food foraging site some distance away.
The results revealed that when no social conventions were in place, their movements were governed by their
personalities alone—in other words how fearless or shy they were determined how quickly they left home and
arrived at the foraging site. However, when social conventions were introduced, so that the individuals had to keep
an eye on each other and adjust their movements accordingly, the impact of personality reduced with less variation
in how quickly they reached the destination. The team found where social conventions were present, the group
foraged more efficiently than when individuals behaved independently. “We find that if individuals pay attention to
the other members of the group, the group will tend to remain at the safe site for longer, but then travel faster
towards the foraging site,” the team wrote.
Rands added that for many social animals, being part of a group can bring huge benefits, and these can
outweigh the influence of personality.
17．Why are the Smiths’ words mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To give an example.
B．To make a comparison.
C．To lead in the topic.
D．To introduce the background.
18．What will individuals do while staying with a group?
A．Adjust their behavior.B．Take on risky missions.
C．Ignore social rules.
D．Travel to a distant foraging site.
19．What can we infer from the results?
A．Personalities alone determine movements.
B．Individuals prefer to behave independently.
C．Group work increases exposure to potential risks.
D．Social conventions contribute to working efficiency.
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Be Part of a Group
B．Stay True to Yourself
C．Get Rid of Your Shyness
D．Control Your Personalities
6.（2023·福建龙岩·统考二模）Music is good for the health. And drumming may be best of all. As well as
being physically demanding, it requires people to synchronise their limbs and to react to outside stimuli, such as
what the rest of the band is up to. It is particularly helpful for children who have emotional and behavioural
difficulties.
Researchers at the Clem Burke Drumming Project — an organisation named after Blondie’s drummer, who
was one of its founders — have shown that teaching such children to drum helps them to control their reactions
more generally, to focus more effectively on tasks they are given, and to communicate better with other people.
The project’s latest work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by a team led by
Marie-Stephanie Cahart of King’s College, London, goes a step further. It looks at the neurological (神经系统的)
changes which accompany these shifts. Ms Cahart and her colleagues recruited 36 autistic (自闭的) teenagers and
split them into two groups. One lot had drum lessons twice a week for eight weeks. The others did not. At the
beginning and end of the project everyone was asked to stay still for 45 minutes in a functional magnetic-resonance
imaging (fmri) machine, to see how the activity of their brains had changed. Their behaviour, as reported by their
guardians, was also recorded.
As expected, most of the drumming group showed positive behavioural changes. And these were indeed
reflected in their brains. The fmri scans showed that several clusters of connectivity between parts of those brains
had strengthened during the experiment. In particular, two regions involved in attention control, the right
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (背外侧前额叶皮层) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (额下回), formed strong
links, respectively, with places associated with reflection and with areas involved in interpreting facial expressions.
These changes in the brain’s “wetware” thus nicely match the changes in behaviour which learning to drum causes.
Not a surprise, perhaps. But an encouraging confirmation of drumming’s power to heal.
21．What does the underlined word “synchronise” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Order. B．Show. C．Strengthen. D．Adjust.
22．Why was the teenagers’ behavior recorded?A．To observe the positive stimuli. B．To see its relation with brain changes.
C．To show behavioral differences. D．To demonstrate their facial connection.
23．What can we learn about drumming?
A．It cures mental illnesses. B．It arouses interest in music.
C．It shapes better behavior. D．It balances minds and behavior.
24．What is the text mainly about?
A．Drumming benefits health. B．How to tackle people less focused.
C．A research on emotion and behavior. D．The links between drumming and brain.
7.（2023·福建龙岩·统考二模）A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gasses may reduce
important nutrients in food crops.
Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce
food production. But scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gasses
threaten food quality.
Researchers studied the effects of one such gas—carbon dioxide—on rice. They grew 18 kinds of rice in fields
in China and Japan in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for
our planet by the end of the century. They found that the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of
vitamins, minerals and protein.
Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B
vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc (锌) than rice
grown under normal conditions.
The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gasses would be most severe for the poorest citizens in
some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets,
they noted. Scientists estimated that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in
their diet by 2050.
One scientist, Sam Myers of Harvard University of Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an
example of the surprises climate change creates. “My concern is, there are many more surprises to come,” he said.
Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to
produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living
organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own
health.
The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change—to grow different forms of
rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels.
25．According to the latest study, how do higher temperatures affect crops?
A．They remove the nutrition. B．They worsen the quality.
C．They lower the production. D．They decrease the species.
26．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Asian crops contain more nutrients. B．Rice is grown in restricted conditions.C．Crops grown with lower CO are healthier. D．Poor people suffer a lot from food shortage.
2
27．What does Sam Myers agree with?
A．Natural systems damage our health. B．The nutritional harm should be lowered.
C．More effects are caused by climate changes. D．Human activities result in health problems.
28．What does the writer intend to do?
A．To introduce a study. B．To clarify a fact.
C．To make a suggestion. D．To show a concern.
8.（2023·福建·统考模拟预测）Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and
sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been
no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies
has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果),
a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try
something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says
Dedeou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇迹果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers,
especially the kids and people with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t
available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically
engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to
help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in
China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried
berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a
pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your
tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
29．What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum?
A．It contains high calories.
B．It is related to weight gain.
C．It tastes unusually sweet.
D．It serves as a sugar replacement
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B．Genome published to help do the research
C．Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D．Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes
31．What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries?A．They are sour. B．They are inexpensive
C．They are accessible D．They are productive.
32．What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Defensive. D．Conservative.
9.（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）After a year of severe drought, California has seen an abundance of rain
since late autumn. Abby Wines, a ranger (护林员) at Death Valley National Park in southern California, predicted
that the heavy rainfall would bring us the opportunity to witness one of nature’s most spectacular displays of color
and life — a superbloom — in 2023.
A superbloom refers to a large amount of wildflower growth that exceeds the average level for a typical
spring. It is actually a rare phenomenon that usually takes place in exceptionally wet winters. Seeds that may have
slept in desert soil for years finally receive enough water to blossom in more abundant numbers than you would see
in a typical year.
The sight of the superbloom is truly breathtaking. Fields of gold, orange, and purple flowers stretch as far as
the eye can see, creating a blanket of colors that can be seen from space.
However, climate change makes the phenomenon increasingly rare. In the distant past, these blooms were
often excellent and enormous. As development pushes farther out, more landscapes have been changed to
agriculture, and as invasive plants outcompetes the native seedlings, many of California’s spring flower fields are
disappearing. In addition, thousands of tourists sometimes step on the flowers and soil, which harms the plant’s
ability to adapt and thrive.
Naomi Fraga, director of conservation at the California Botanic Garden, points out that in promoting these
locations where massive blooms take place, there isn’t a lot of additional information about how these are actually
very fragile (脆弱的) ecosystems. Instead of promoting and sharing specific locations, it’s important to educate the
public about the fragility of the ecosystems and the importance of staying on trails which people are allowed to
enter.
33．What is the key to a superbloom according to Abby Wines?
A．Desert soil. B．Warm climate.
C．Sufficient rainfall. D．High-quality seeds.
34．What does the underlined word “exceeds” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Equals to. B．Goes beyond.
C．Cuts down. D．Sets up.
35．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Reasons for the superbloom being rare.
B．Factors in plants’ adapting to the environment.
C．The relationship between climate and plants growing.
D．The effect of agricultural development on plants flowering.
36．What does Naomi Fraga advocate?
A．Promoting local tourism by advertising superblooms.B．Recommending tourists perfect trails to enjoy a superbloom.
C．Strengthening the management of California Botanic Garden.
D．Leading the public to focus more on the ecological environment.
10.（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）Curiosity affects everything from our relationships to our education,
but it’s not easy to study it. With the help of Wikipedia though, researchers have now done just that, exploring two
main types of curiosity.
The resulting study was able to divide the individuals into two previously identified types, as far as curiosity
goes: the ‘busybody’ who explores a lot of diverse information, and the ‘hunter’ who stays on a more focused track
when it comes to gaining knowledge.
“Wikipedia allowed both introverts (内向) and extroverts to have equal opportunity in curious practice, a
limitation in other studies of curiosity, while the ad-free search engine allowed individuals to truly be captains of
their own curiosity ships,” says biophysicist Daņielle Bassett, from the University of Pennsylvania.
By recording pages as nodes (节点) and analysing how closely they were related, Bassett and her colleagues
were able to find both busybodies and hunters in their pool of volunteers — those who tended to jump all around
Wikipedia and those who were more likely to stay on closely related pages.
However, the participants didn’t always stick to one type of behaviour or the other, and to find out why the
researchers used a wellbeing questionnaire given to the participants before the study began, covering topics like
seeking out social interaction and tolerating stress. Based on the surveys, a need to fill specific knowledge gaps
seemed to drive hunter-style behaviour, while a desire to seek out brand new information was an indicator of a
busybody-style of Wikipedia browsing (浏览) — taking larger leaps (跳跃) between nodes or pages. “We assume
that a switch from hunter to busybody style might arise due to sensation seeking, or the tendency to pursue novel
and exciting Information,” says Bassett.
These findings can be useful in a number of ways, including in informing approaches to teaching. Curiosity is
also linked to emotional wellbeing: people who are more curious tend to be more satisfied with life and less
anxious. By making sure information is available in ways that are accessible, we can encourage curiosity and
promote contentment at the same time.
37．Why did the researchers use Wikipedia to do their study?
A．It could arouse a higher level of curiosity.
B．It charged no fees for browsing information.
C．It enabled introverts to switch to extroverts.
D．It caused no disturbance to study participants.
38．What did the researchers find out about busybodies?
A．They took smaller leaps between pages.
B．They tended to browse loosely connected information.
C．They were anxious to narrow specific knowledge gaps.
D．They were more likely to stick to their type of behavior.
39．What may drive hunters to become busybodies?A．The desire to seek novelty.
B．A reduction in sensation seeking.
C．A wish to know like-minded individuals.
D．The need to dive deeply into a certain topic.
40．What’s the consequence of promoting people’s curiosity?
A．Well-rounded individuals.
B．Increased feelings of contentment.
C．Greater ability to figure out problems.
D．More chances to become top teachers.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了在维基百科的帮助下研究者所做的关于两种主要的好奇心类型的
研究，并得出结论：培养好奇心有助于人们焦虑的减轻和生活满足感的增加。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段““Wikipedia allowed both introverts (内向) and extroverts to have equal
opportunity in curious practice, a limitation in other studies of curiosity, while the ad-tree search engine allowed
individuals to truly be captains of their own curiosity ships,” says biophysicist Daņielle Bassett, from the
University of Pennsylvania.(“维基百科允许内向者和外向者在好奇心实践中有平等的机会，这是其他好奇心
研究的局限，而无广告搜索引擎允许个人真正成为自己好奇心船的船长，”宾夕法尼亚大学的生物物理学
家Daņielle Bassett说)”可知，他们使用维基百科进行这项研究的一个原因是，维基百科上没有广告，参与
研究的人员可以做自己好奇心的主人来进行网页浏览。由此推知，维基百科不会对参与研究的人员好奇心
形成干扰。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“the ‘busybody’ who explores a lot of diverse information(探索大量不同信息的
“好事的人”)”及第五段“while a desire to seek out brand new information was an indicator of a busybody-style
of Wikipedia browsing (浏览) — taking larger leaps (跳跃) between nodes or pages.(而寻求全新信息的愿望是维
基百科浏览的好事的人的一个标志——在节点或页面之间发生了更大的跳跃)”可知，好事的人喜欢跳转到
不同的页面去探索大量信息。由此可知，他们倾向于浏览松散连接的信息。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““We assume that a switch from hunter to busybody style might arise due
to sensation seeking, or the tendency to pursue novel and exciting Information,” says Bassett.(“我们认为，从猎人
风格到好事风格的转变可能是由于寻求感觉，或者追求新颖和令人兴奋的信息的倾向，”巴塞特说)”可知，
对于寻求新奇的渴望可能促使猎人风格到好事者风格的转变。故选A项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Curiosity is also linked to emotional wellbeing: people who are more curious
tend to be more satisfied with life and less anxious.(好奇心也与情绪健康有关：好奇心更强的人往往对生活更
满意，焦虑更少)”可知，好奇心越强越会使人获得更多满足感。由此推知，激发人们的好奇心会增强人们
的满足感。故选B项。
