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押上海卷 41-55 题
完型填空
【题型解读】
完形填空题型是上海高考英语试题中阅读理解的第一部分，是要求较高的综合性语言测试题型。作为
一种高难度的障碍性阅读，此题型旨在测试学生的综合应用语言能力，同时又检测他们的分析判断能力和
连贯性思维能力。高考英语科目在测试考生的英语基础和语言运用能力。其中，着重语言运用能力的考核。
读的部分主要测试考生理解书面英语并运用相关知识完成任务的能力，具体如下：
（1）能理解文章的基本内容；
（2）能根据上下文正确理解词句和句子；
（3）能推断文章中的隐含意思；
（4）能理解作者的写作意图；
（5）能归纳段落或文章的主旨大意；
（6）能理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系。
【题型特点】
（1）首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。
（2）完形填空不是语法选择题，不考核语法形式的区别。
（3）设空以实例为主，虚词为辅；单词为主，短语为辅。
（4）注重在语境中考查单词。完形填空的四个备选答案，一般都属于同一词类，同一语义范畴，而且往
往都和设空前后的单词形成某种搭配，形成很强的迷惑性和干扰性。
【答题点津】
1. 注重首句的提示作用。
上海卷的完形填空文章多以说明文、议论文为主。
说明文一般分为导言、正文、结尾三个部分。导言是文章的开头部分，主要说明文章的主题，介绍一
下文章所讲述的主要对象，如某种理论、方法、技巧、活动，让读者有个了解。基本包括事物的基本特征，能引起读者感兴趣的局部特征，还有知识背景等。正文部分就是详细的说明事物的特征，按照从时间、空
间、事情发展理的顺序，运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定方式进行介绍或者说明，往往一段就是一个
角度。结尾主要强调事物的总体认识水平、掌握这些内容的重要性或者重申事物的全貌和基本特征。
议论文一般是直接提出论点，用论据论证，最后提出作者的看法或者另一个话题供大家讨论。做题时
要抓住文章的首句，并进一步理清文章的论点，论据和结论。通常，能说明论点内容的答案可以在论据中
得到印证，且论点里的答案也可以和论据进行有机结合，使整篇文章上下一致。
2. 利用词汇线索解题。
完形填空的短文往往围绕一个话题论述，因此某个词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其他形式重复
出现在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根
据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，可以根据这些词汇线索来决
定答案。
3. 分析上下文逻辑关系。
短文的句中、句间和段间拥有一定的逻辑关系，往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系
词来体现。常见的表示逻辑关系的词如下：
4. 答题由易到难填空的顺序不必是题目顺序。应该先做容易理解的，将有把握的答案带入原文后，降低整体理解难度，
从而帮助解决较难的空格。
1．【2023年6月上海英语高考真题】
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught
that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. (41)______,
patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now
that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether
doctors' apparent (42) _____ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than
good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are (43)
______ black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients' expectations haven't
(44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross
Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what
it does, it’s about (45) ______ uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be (46) ______ working in a field in which they’re
constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how
to diagnose an ailment( 小 恙 ), he tells them to (47) ______ their inquiry ---- come up with a list of
possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is
firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (48) ______ and what the outcomes will
be in the long run.”
Technology has helped (49) ______ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list
of symptoms into a computer and get a more (50) ______ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein,
a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an (51) ______ and an
opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an (52) ______ level of certainty. Do this
test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”On the other hand, computers can’t (53) ______ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.
Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender,
a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also
(54) ______ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it
can’t do, (55) ______, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a
1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
41. A.On the hand B. Afterwords C. As a result D.Above all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarely D. mainly
44.A. adored B.transformed C.faded D.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D.annoyed at
47.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden
48.A. identify B. cure C.defend D.cause
49.A. enlighten B.redefine C.commit D.guarantee
50. A. accurate B.plain C.serious D.remedial
51.A. challenge B. encounter C.conversation D.dispute
52.A. dangerous B. maximal C.unfavorable D.contrasting
53. A.stuff B.hint C.communicate D. indicate
54.A. conclude B. understand C.assume D. calculate
55. A.however B. therefore C. moreover D.hence
2．【2022年7月上海英语高考真题】
A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in
speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are
um,uh, er, ah, like, okay,right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical(词汇
的 )content,” notes linguist Barbara A Fox “they can play a strategic syntactic( 句 法 的 )role in a(n)
(41)________ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase ( 整句字)(42)
________the context. “Hey hey, shh, shh, shh. Come on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not
comfortable talking about emotional (43)______. Um, you know,I am. I'm fine with that, but... other people".
"Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933call these ‘hesitation forms’—the sounds of
stammering (uh ), stuttering (um, um)，throat-clearing (ahem!)，stalling ( well um, that is) interjected whenthe speaker is searching words or (44) _____for the next thought."You know that y’ know is among the most
common of these (45) ________forms. Its meaning is not the imperious ‘you understand’ even the old
interrogatory ‘do you get it’? It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase , (46) ____________ to fill
a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word.
These staples of modern filler communication —I mean, y’ know, like-can also be used as ‘tee-up
words’.In old times. pointer phrases or tee-up words were get this would you believe? and are you ready? The
(47) ______ of these rib-nudging phrases was- are you ready-to make the point, to focus the listeners attention
on what was to follow. If the (48) _______is to tee up a point, we should accept y’ know and its friends as
a.mildly (49)_______ spoken punctuation. the articulated colon(冒号) that signals ‘focus on this’... if the
purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at
all? What(50) _____the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all?
Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds? For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they
fear silence and experience speaker (51) _____ . Recent research at Columbia University suggests another
reason , Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when (52) ______ for the next word. To
investigate this (53) ________, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology,chemistry,and
mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices (54)
________ to the speaker They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art
history, and philosophy. where the subject matter is less (55) ________ and more open to word choices.
41 A. undertaking B. discovering C.disliking D.unfolding
42 A. depending on B. holding up C. taking over D. arranging for
43. A. appliances B substances C..disturbances D. finances
44. A. on the contrary B. at a loss C. at dawn D. on no account
45. A. perseverance B.complexity C. hesitation D. obligation
46 A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended
47. A. interest B. experience C. advantage D random
48 A. architecture B.purpose C. completion D. function
49 A annoying B. striking C.entertaining D.embarrassing
50. A. oppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. motivates
51 A. danger B. anxiety C..figure D.sculpture
52. A. bothering B inspecting C.searching D accomplishing53.A.idea B. chance C. basis D. feedback
54. A. feasible B credible C.considerable D. available
55. A.well-matched B. well-defined C.well-bred D.well perceived
【完形填空的特点】
它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，要求在给出的备选答案中，选出一个
正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。
它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能
力，甚至有时还考察对时事政治等的关注，其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题
内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。
上海英语高考完形填空在体裁上以议论文和说明文为主。
题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅，主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词，其他偶尔
有过渡词、介词短语、连词。具体考点如下：
动词：动词搭配；动作顺序。
名词：名词复现；名词搭配；感情色彩。
形容词/副词：感情色彩及色彩的深浅。
连词：逻辑。
介词：介词搭配；介词本意。
【完形解题步骤】
1. 通览全文，把握大意
快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情
节、写作风格等。
2. 综合考虑，先易后难
通览全文后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，逐项选定。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推
理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
3. 复读检验，消除疏漏
试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、
逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。若有难点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡。【解题技巧】
首句应重点解读。 首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个
大概了解。
顺应文意，定位选词。做题时，要充分利用上下文，找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近
义词或反义词，也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。
注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，
同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
重视具体表达，最佳适用。完形填空一定要适应语境，选择一个最适合、最具体，而不是最宽泛的万
能词汇，也就是我们所说的最佳选项。
仔细推敲, 注重逻辑，选对过渡词。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠
过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当
的逻辑关系，选择正确的过渡词。
1. 【2024·宝山区·二模】
For decades, people have guessed that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually replace human workers.
But developments in the past few years have 41 these concerns as companies have released AI that can
answer questions, write articles and create images. Now, even people in creative fields must consider the 42
of AI replacing them. But many experts still insist that these AI programs are no substitute for human ability.
AI programs have the 43 to perform some tasks currently performed by human workers. These include
media jobs, such as writing advertisements and articles, along with many jobs in the financial fields and even tech-
related jobs such as computer programming. AI is good at 4 4 data, so financial analysts and market
research analysts may find their jobs 45 .
Using AI for certain tasks may be a good thing. Perhaps AI will 46 less interesting work, allowing
people to do more satisfying jobs, just as earlier technologies have. Using a machine to do laundry saves time 47
to washing clothes by hand, and many people use that extra time productively. 48 , AI may be able to take
over dull tasks, liberating people to be truly creative, since thinking up new ideas is something AI cannot do.
Another big challenge for AI is human 49 . Most people prefer to communicate with humans ratherthan machines. Hence, AI is 50 to replace humans for jobs that require personal connection, such as
counseling or teaching. A robot can perform tasks, but it cannot 51 care about others, and sometimes care is
what people need.
AI can process data quickly, but it can only use data that it is given. So it cannot adapt to situations that 52
significantly from those in its data. Thus, although some AI programs can create content, none of them can be truly
creative as the content AI creates will 53 consist of some combination of its sources.
Finally, if the AI receives false information, it has no way of recognizing that as false. Humans can also be
fooled, but life experience can tell them whether a claim is reasonable, an ability that AI does not have. 54 ,
AI must continually be fact-checked to make sure its data, and therefore its conclusions, are accurate.
Thus, although AI may replace some jobs, others require a human 55 . At best AI may eliminate certain
boring parts of tasks so that humans can focus on things that only they can do.
41. A. denied B. prevented C. transferred D. intensified
42. A. function B. possibility C. capability D. character
43. A. potential B. schedule C. objective D. ambition
44. A. searching B. providing C. analyzing D. storing
45. A. at risk B. at work C. at last D. at least
46. A. bring over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
47. A. wasted B. compared C. consumed D. spared
48. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Meanwhile
49. A. interaction B. resource C. resistance D. creativity
50. A. unwilling B. unlikely C. unfair D. unfortunate
51. A. deeply B. accurately C. directly D. genuinely
52. A. evolve B. range C. differ D. result
53. A. inevitably B. immediately C. insignificantly D. improbably
54. A. Frequently B. Generally C. Instantly D. Consequently
55. A. nature B. need C. touch D. permission
2. 【2024·普陀区·二模】
Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these
places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. (41)
______, most of the bird species disappeared.While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been (42) ______, our knowledge of the fate of species
before this relies on fossils(化石), and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are (43) ______
over time. This conceals the true (44) ______ of global extinctions.
Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human
history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly (45)
______ human activity.
The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature
Communications, used statistical modelling to (46) ______ the undiscovered bird extinctions.
Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a
far higher (47) ______ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations
through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests,
and (48) ______ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no
(49) ______, lost from history.”
Dr Søren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions
have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds
but also their varied (50) ______ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination(授粉).
This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, (51) ______ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of
plants and animals that (52) ______ these species for survival.”
Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands
(53) ______ by people. These (54) ______ from the iconic(标志性的) Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the
North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further
790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from
the perspective of protecting species (55) ______, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind.
41. A. To some extent B. On average C. As a result D. In short
42. A. confirmed B. recorded C. concealed D. discussed
43. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. disintegrated
44. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence
45. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of
46. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize
47. A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural48. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed
49. A. trace B. route C. change D. proposal
50. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social
51. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to
52. A. depend on B. interact with C. fight against D. stay away
53. A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed
54. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date
55. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity
3. 【2024·松江区·二模】
The way of recording things has never ceased to develop. In the 1980s, as sales of video recorders went up,
old 8mm home movies were gradually replaced by VHS （video home system）tapes. Later, video tapes of family
holidays lost their appeal and the use of DVDs 41 . Those, too, have had their day. Even those holding their
childhood memories in digital files on their laptops now know these files face the risk of 42 .
Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be 43 and distributed, reducing the risk
of their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces
44 on the original items. The International Dunhuang Project, 45 , has digitised items like manuscripts
（手稿） from the Mogao caves in China, enabling scholars from around the world to access records
easily without touching the real items.
But the news that the Ministry of Justice of the UK is proposing to scan the 110 million people’s wills it holds
and then destroy a handful of 46 after 25 years has shocked historians. The ministry cites this as a way of
providing easier access for researchers. But that only justifies digitisation, not the 47 of the paper copies. The
officials note the change will be economically efficient （saving around £4.5m a year） while keeping all the
essential information.
Scholars 48 . Most significantly, physical records can themselves carry important information — the kind
of ink or paper used may be part of the history that historians are 49 . and error s are often made in scanning.
Besides, digital copies are arguably more 50 than the material items, just in different ways. The attack from
the Internet on the British Library last October has prevented scholars from 51 digitised materials it holds:
imagine if researchers could not return to the originals. Some even think digitised information can easily be lost
within decades no matter what 52 are put in place.
The government says that it will save the original wills of “famous people for historic record”, such as that of
Princess Diana’s. However, assuming that we know who will 53 to future generations is extraordinarily proud.
Mary Seacole, a pioneering nurse who now appears on the national school course in the UK, was largely 54
for almost a century.
The digitisation of old documents is a valuable, even essential measure. But to destroy the originals once they
have been scanned, is not a matter of great 55 , but of huge damage.41．A．paused B．boomed C．recovered D．disappeared
42．A．getting outdated B．coming into style C．being fined D．making an error
43．A．deleted B．named C．copied D．altered
44．A．fight or flight B．life or death C．wear and tear D．awe and wonder
45．A．unfortunately B．additionally C．in summary D．for example
46．A．the originals B．the essentials C．the visualised D．the digitised
47．A．preservation B．classification C．publication D．destruction
48．A．applaud B．disagree C．discriminate D．withdraw
49．A．revising B．abandoning C．uncovering D．enduring
50．A．meaningful B．favourable C．resistant D．delicate
51．A．inventing B．adjusting C．accessing D．damaging
52．A．outcomes B．safeguards C．deadlines D．byproducts
53．A．matter B．respond C．lose D．live
54．A．spared B．discussed C．forgotten D．protected
55．A．sacrifice B．courage C．efficiency D．admiration
