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03.题型策略-词句猜测题
真题回顾
（2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary
things into something useful and often beautiful.
Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to
make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply
refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the
same, or even better condition.
Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In
those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life.
Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful.
It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling.
Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down
things.
Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats.
Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the
tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of
artworks.
In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both
ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started
today!
1. What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Break down useless things. B. Collect used things.
C. Create things out of old ones. D. Come up with good ideas.
2. How is upcycling different from recycling?
A. It’s a completely new idea. B. It needs more energy.
C. It requires more time and work. D. It’s a greener way of life.
3. Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5?
A. To list the steps of doing upcycling. B. To give a good example of upcycling.
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C. To express a different idea of upcycling. D. To provide basic knowledge of upcycling.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage people to do upcycling. B. To introduce the history of upcycling.
C. To compare upcycling with recycling. D. To explain the importance of recycling
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了升级回收 （upcycling）的概念、与普通回收（recycling）的区别、其环保
优势以及通过 Grace 的故事展示了 “升级回收 ” 的实际应用，旨在鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”。
1 词义猜测题。根据“ For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt”可知，refashion的意思是
“用旧的东西创造新的东西”，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally
friendly than recycling”可知，“升级回收”是一种更环保的生活方式，故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and tums them into dresses,
shoes and even hats”可知，作者通过Grace的故事来举一个“升级回收 ”的好例子，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Get started today!”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行“升级回
收 ”，故选A。
知识积累
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能
力和 文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句
子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会
有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜
测的一种间接考查。
【策略1】词义猜测法
词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、
熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。
【典例示例】
A woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the
shop the next
day.
"This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.
"Does he have a mirror in his cage (笼子)?" the owner asked. "Parrots love mirrors."
The woman bought a mirror and left. The next day she came back, saying that the bird still wasn't talking.
The underlined word "parrot" in paragraph 1 means " " in Chinese.
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A.孔雀 B.鹦鹉 C.鸽子 D. 老鹰
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解词汇所在句的含义：一位女士从宠物店买了一只......。判断 parrot 的含义且原句没有太多
线索，需继续在下文中找线索。
Step2：定位分析线索句："This bird doesn't talk," she told the pet shop owner.（ “这只鸟不会说话” ，她告诉
宠
物店老板。）
Step3：定位答案：结合选项及常识可知，选项中“鹦鹉”可以学会说话，划线词应意为“鹦鹉” ，确定答案为
B。
【策略2】短语猜测法
短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能
力。
【典例示例】
Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.
One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.
"What's the matter, dear?" his mother asked in a hurry.
"I've got a toothache," said Jim.
So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.
Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim?"
"I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.
"Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now?"
"I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's."
What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"?
A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解词汇所在句的含义：牙医给他做了检查，最后......他的坏牙；
Step2： 定位分析线索句： The dentist looked him over(检查) and pulled out his bad tooth at last. 以及
最后一
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句 I left it at the dentist's. （我把它留在了牙医店，此处的 it 指代坏的牙齿）；
Step3：定位答案：分析可知，牙医检查了他的牙齿，并最后拔掉了坏牙，确定答案为 B。
【策略3】根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法
在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。
因此， 考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也 会
用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对 比
或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,,
on the other hand 等
【典例示例】
There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are
expensive,
but the food is cheap...
The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is .
A.美味的 B. 昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的
【策略分析】
Step1：理解词汇所在句子：里面的衣服很昂贵，但是食物是 。
Step2：分析句子：:expensive 是我们学过的一个单词，意为“ 昂贵的”。前半句意为“里面的衣服很贵”。
利
用 but 的转折意义和 expensive 的含义可猜出 cheap 表示“廉价的” ，应选 D 项
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，确定答案为 D。
【策略4】构词法猜词法
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举 足轻
重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀 un-表反义词，如
happy-unhappy, fair-unfair 等; 后缀-ment 表名词, 如 develop-development, state-statement 等; 后-er、-or
或-ist 表同源名词: 如 calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist 等，如果一来，这些问
题便不难解决了。【典例示例】
3D VR Glasses
This is a new arrival 3D VR Shinecon Helmet virtual(虚拟的) reality glasses.
It supports many smartphone models with Android or IOS system. Put your phone into the VR
glasses and enter the virtual reality world. You can enjoy the super big screen effect of 3D videos. No need
to go to cinemas.
You can also play 3D games with it.
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Specification (说明书)
Brand (商标) Name: Gtek
Size: 190mm X 135mm X 85mm
Weight: 500g
Lens (镜头): HD Optical Resin Augmented
Lens Diameter: 30mm
Phone Supported: Screen size from 3.5 to 6.0 inches, phone
Length: less than 160mm, width less than 85mm
The underlined word "Length" probably means in Chinese.
A.长度 B.宽度 C.厚度 D.高度
【策略分析】
Step1：分析理解词汇所在句子： less than 160mm, width less than 85mm(小于 160mm，宽度小于 85mm)
Step2：定位分析线索句： width 意为“ 宽度” ，th 是名词后缀 less than 85mm（宽度小于 85 毫米）；
length
是 long(意为“长的”)的名词形式，意为“长度” ，根据构词法演变而来。
Step3：定位答案：分析选项 A.长度 length；B.宽度 width；C.厚度 thickness；D.高度 height。确定答案为
A。
【策略5】指代猜测法
指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系， 判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生对
文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。
【典例示例】
When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know
more things about different customs( 风俗). You read all these from books in the past, but now you
have a chance to know them clearly. You can also make new friends from different countries. They
can help you know more about their own
countries.
What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Friends. B. Teachers. C. Countries. D.
Customs.
【策略分析】
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Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为指代猜测，选项含义 A.朋友 B. 老师 C. 国
家
D. 习俗
Step2： 定位分析线索句：根据第一句"When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different
new foods and know more things about different customs (风俗)."当你去其他国家旅行时，你可以吃到不
同的新食 物， 了解更多关于不同习俗的事情， 由此可知下一句所说的在书中了解的是关于习俗的事情，
有机会清晰
地了解他们也是指的风俗。
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，确定答案为 D。
突破练习
1
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）
On June 30, 2021, Zhai Mo, a Chinese, set sail (航行) from Shanghai. The man wanted to live out one of his
lifelong dreams: circling the Arctic Ocean.
Over the next 503 days, he traveled about 52,000 kilometers. Finally, on November 15, 2022, Zhai safely
returned to Shanghai in his sailboat. He received a hero’s welcome. The 54-year-old successfully sailed around the
Arctic Ocean without stopping.
When Zhai set off, he planned to finish his journey in only four months. But because of moving ice and
unexpected weather conditions, he had to repeatedly change his plan. During the winter, the temperature even
dropped to 70 degrees below zero. And for several times, he nearly became bears’ dinner.
According to Zhai, just a few years ago, it was impossible to sail around the Arctic Ocean. Because of global
(全球的) warming, however, the ice in the Arctic is quickly melting. He hopes his journey will draw the world’s
attention to the influence that human activities are having on the environment.
Now Zhai has already set his next goal: circling around Antarctica. “Every difficult journey makes me a
stronger man,” he said. “I’m interested in testing out my whole ability.”
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1. Which of the following is one of Zhai’s lifelong dreams?
A. Buying a sailboat. B. Moving to Shanghai.
C. Sailing with bears. D. Circling the Arctic Ocean.
2. What can we know about Zhai’s journey?
A. It started in 2022. B. He didn’t change his plans for it.
C. It took four months. D. He met many difficulties during it.
3. What does the underlined word “melting” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?
A. 融化 B. 发光 C. 染色 D. 下沉
4. Which of the following best describes Zhai?
A. Kind-hearted. B. Humorous. C. Strong-minded. D. Lucky.
【答案与解析】本文讲述了翟默乘船从上海出发，环绕北冰洋的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据“The man wanted to live out one of his lifelong dreams: circling the Arctic Ocean.”可知，
翟默一生的梦想之一是环绕北冰洋，故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据“But because of moving ice and unexpected weather conditions, he had to repeatedly
change his plan...And for several times, he nearly became bears’ dinner.”可知，由于移动的冰和意想不到的天气
条件，他不得不多次改变计划，好几次他差点儿成为熊的晚餐，因此推断他在旅行期间遇到了很多困难。
故选D。
3. 词义猜测题。根据“Because of global (全球的) warming”可知，全球变暖，因此北极的冰正在迅速融化，
故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据“But because of moving ice and unexpected weather conditions, he had to repeatedly
change his plan...And for several times, he nearly became bears’ dinner.”可知，他在移动的冰和意想不到的天气
条件下，继续前行，实现了环绕北冰洋的梦想，因此推断他是意志坚强的人。故选C。
2
（2024·湖北·模拟预测）Recently, the first application (应用) of concrete 3D printing technology in
building construction (建筑) in Hubei province, the new countryside housing project in Daye, was officially
delivered.
Built by the First Company of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau (中建三局一公司) , the Daye
countryside housing project is a provincial﹣level pilot project in Huangshi city, covering an area of 20 hectares.
The project’s community design combines countryside houses, countryside parks, high﹣standard farmland and
landscaping to create a picturesque neighborhood.
The project manager, Yuan Hu, explained that 90 percent of each structure is prefabricated, allowing the
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main structure to be completed in 4 to 5 days. The house walls, inside and outside decorations are made from high
﹣performance green and environmentally friendly materials, which provide enough thermal and sound insulation,
waterproofing, and a comfortable living environment year﹣round.
Thanks to the three﹣step design, loading and 3D printing process, each house can be built in just a week.
The advanced design and construction technology stand for an upgrade to countryside housing development and the
construction industry in general.
Energy﹣saving is included throughout the project. Rooftop panels connect to a heat collection water tank
which is placed in the equipment interlayer below the split roof, reducing the need for additional pressure pump
sets.
The project team is currently developing a countryside park and areas for fishing, woodcutting, farming,
reading, landscaping and fruit tree planting. Other tasks include land leveling, farmland slope protection, soil
fertility protection and building irrigation (灌溉) and drainage ditches (排水沟) and roads.
1. Where does the first application of 3D printing technology in construction happen?
A. The First Company of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau.
B. The new countryside housing project in Daye.
C. Building construction (建筑) in Hebei province.
D. The Daye countryside farmland project in Huangshi city.
2. What is the purpose of the countryside housing project?
A. To build countryside houses.
B. To build countryside parks.
C. To improve high﹣standard farmland.
D. To create a picturesque neighborhood.
3. What does the underlined word “prefabricated”mean?
A. 预制的 B. 人造的 C. 制造的 D. 编造的
4. Which is NOT the advantage of 3D printing construction material?
A. It saves construction time.
B. It is green and environmentally friendly.
C. It is waterproofing.
D. It provides a comfortable living environment only in summer.
5. What can you infer from the last paragraph?
A. The project team has developed a countryside park and areas for fishing.
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B. Woodcutting, farming, reading are popular in the area.
C. The project is not finished and still has a long way to go.
D. Land leveling, farmland slope protection are not problems.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍湖北省大冶市新农村住房项目，作为该省首个采用混凝土3D
打印技术的建筑项目，已正式交付使用。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Recently, the first application (应用) of concrete 3D printing technology in
building construction (建筑) in Hubei province, the new countryside housing project in Daye, was officially
delivered.”可知，3D打印技术在建筑施工中的首次应用发生在大冶的新农村住房项目中，故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The project’s community design combines countryside houses, countryside
parks, high﹣standard farmland and landscaping to create a picturesque neighborhood.”可知，该乡村住房项目的
目的是创建一个风景如画的社区，故选D。
11. 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“The project manager, Yuan Hu, explained that 90 percent of each structure is
prefabricated, allowing the main structure to be completed in 4 to 5 days.”可知，项目经理袁虎解释说，每个结
构的90%都是预制的，这样主体结构可以在4到5天内完成。“prefabricated”的意思是“预制的”，故选
A。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The house walls, inside and outside decorations are made from high﹣
performance green and environmentally friendly materials, which provide enough thermal and sound insulation,
waterproofing, and a comfortable living environment year﹣round.”可知，3D打印建筑材料的优点包括节省施
工时间、绿色环保、防水以及全年提供舒适的居住环境，D选项“It provides a comfortable living
environment only in summer.”与文意不符，故选D。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The project team is currently developing a countryside park and areas for
fishing, woodcutting, farming, reading, landscaping and fruit tree planting. Other tasks include land leveling,
farmland slope protection, soil fertility protection and building irrigation (灌溉) and drainage ditches (排水沟) and
roads.”可知，该项目团队目前正在开发乡村公园和其他区域，还有其他任务需要完成，这表明该项目尚未
完成，还有很长的路要走，故选C。
3
（2024·广东中山·三模）There is great excitement and argument over Artificial Intelligence (AI). The
argument about whether robots will replace teachers in the classroom is very heated. Some people think it is sure to
happen in the next ten years. Others think that the value a good teacher brings, not only to the classroom setting, but
in developing a child’s confidence and creativity outside lessons, cannot be easily replaced.
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AI is not new for us and is already being used successfully in many fields, such as medicine, science and so
on. So what does this mean for our future? In my view, AI will help kids to think more freely and creatively. Can AI
possibly cut down the teaching work in the future? Of course. Our teachers are always busy preparing for their
lessons. Just imagine how happy they will be if they don’t have to correct hundreds of papers, but instead, have this
task or others done by machines.
However, most importantly, I do not believe AI will be able to imitate the human mental condition totally,
especially emotional intelligence ( 情 商 ). What makes learning unforgettable is shared experience, human
interaction, and long-lasting positive relationships. For example, experienced teachers can comfort a student if he
has suffered a serious loss. But no research shows that robots can imitate this well.
I also believe we need to develop our kids’ personality and their ability not only to make decisions but also
make the right decision. To achieve this, depending only on AI is impossible.
In short, AI has both its advantages and disadvantages. To what degree can teachers use AI in their classes?
You can have all the information you want with the help of AI, but great teachers will also need to depend on their
own feelings.
1. The writer starts the passage by ________.
A. telling a story B. comparing different views
C. pointing out his opinion D. giving some suggestions
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The successful usage of AI in many fields.
B. AI helps teachers to correct hundreds of papers.
C. How helpful AI will be to both students and teachers.
D. Teachers can help kids think more freely and creatively than AI.
3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 3?
A. Imagine. B. Produce. C. Control. D. Copy.
4. What’s the structure of the passage? (P—Paragraph)
A. B. C. D.
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
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A. Will AI Replace Teachers in the Classroom?
B. What can AI Bring Students in the Classroom?
C. Is AI a Good Way to Help with Children’s Learning?
D. How do Teachers Use AI in Their Classroom Teaching?
【答案与解析】本文主要讲了对于人工智能是否可以取代老师的观点，作者提出了自己的看法。
1. 推理判断题。根据短文开头“ There is great excitement and argument over Artificial Intelligence (AI).”可
知，关于人工智能有很大的争论，结合下面“ Some people think it is sure to happen in the next ten years.
Others think that the value a good teacher brings, not only to the classroom setting”可知，这是在提出两方的观点，
所以文章是以比较观点的方式开始短文内容的。故选B。
2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ In my view, AI will help kids to think more freely and creatively. Can AI
possibly cut down the teaching work in the future? Of course. Our teachers are always busy preparing for their
lessons.”可知，这是在讲工智能能帮助学生和老师，C项“人工智能对学生和老师都有很大帮助”符合文
意。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据“However, most importantly, I do not believe AI will be able to imitate the human mental
condition totally, especially emotional intelligence (情商).”，可知，作者认为人工智能不能模仿人类的精神状
态，尤其是情商，可知imitate表示“模仿”。故选D。
4. 篇章结构题。第一段总领全文引出话题，第二段是讲了AI的好处，第三段指出AI不会代替人的精神，
第四段讲了要鼓励孩子的个性和能力，第五段与第一段呼应，所以短文是总分总的结构。故选C。
5. 最佳标题题。文章第一段就提出了本文的主旨“The argument about whether robots will replace teachers in
the classroom is very heated.”可知本文对于人工智能是否可以取代老师的观点，作者提出了自己的看法。因
此，选项A“人工智能会取代课堂教师吗？”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
4
（2024·山西朔州·模拟预测）On Jordyn Perez’s eighth birthday, her mom suggested a new way to
celebrate her birthday—giving away her gifts to a children’s hospital. “I have already had everything I needed, and
these kids who were going through hard times in hospital needed them to cheer up more than I did,” Jordyn said.
Now as a student in high school, Jordyn continues to bring joy to kids and teens who have serious illnesses.
Kids can be in hospital for lots of reasons. For example, asthma (哮喘), a condition that causes breathing problems,
is a top reason for younger children in her country. Kids at the age of 12 and older more often see a doctor for
mental (精神的) health problems. Whatever the patient’s age or illness, a hospital stay can be stressful. Efforts like
Jordyn’s are a bright spot during a difficult time.
Jordyn’s first gift drive was in 2016. Since then, it has kicked off each year in early November, a few weeks
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before her birthday. Along with an invitation to her party, Jordyn’s friends get a list of gift ideas for kids in hospital.
The number of gifts grows every year. “Seeing other people’s happiness—that’s all that matters to me,” Jordyn
says.
Natalie Gutierrez, a nurse at a children’s hospital, has seen Jordyn’s gift-giving activity for many years. “She
puts smiles on the faces of these little patients in our hospital and on our nurses and doctors,” Gutierrez says. “They
are all amazed at her generosity (慷慨) at such a young age.”
Jordyn’s efforts to help kids in hospital have encouraged others to follow in her footsteps. Her friends have
volunteered in different kinds of organizations, too. And Jordyn’s 7-year-old sister helps animals by working at the
Animal Society. “Helping others, it’s just a good feeling to have at the end of the day,” Jordyn says. “I want to keep
doing this as long as I can.”
1. What does Jordyn think about her gift-giving?
A. Kids in hospital need some gifts to cheer up.
B. She should give away new things to help children.
C. Gifts need to be sent to kids who are younger than her.
2. What does the underlined phrase “a bright spot” mean?
A. A force for good. B. A big problem. C. A serious situation.
3. Why are Natalie Gutierrez’s words mentioned?
A. To make people pay attention to her patients.
B. To show the importance of the health problems.
C. To praise the actions of gift-giving from Jordyn.
4. What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph?
A. Animals are having a difficult time at the Animal Society.
B. More and more people take part in activities about helping.
C. If you give something to others,you will get something from others.
5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Caring about Patients in Need
B. A Special Way to Celebrate the Birthday
C. Some Advice on How to Make Friends
【答案与解析】本文讲述了Jordyn将她的礼物捐给儿童医院，庆祝生日的同时，也让住院的孩子振作起来
的事情。
1. 细节理解题。根据“I have already had everything I needed, and these kids who were going through hard
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times in hospital needed them to cheer up more than I did”可知住院的孩子需要一些礼物让他们高兴起来，故
选A。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“Efforts like Jordyn’s are a bright spot during a difficult time.”可知像Jordyn这样的努力
是困难时期的亮点。a bright spot表示“一股向善的力量”，故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据“She puts smiles on the faces of these little patients in our hospital and on our nurses and
doctors,（她让我们医院里的小病人、护士和医生脸上露出了笑容）”和“They are all amazed at her
generosity (慷慨) at such a young age.（他们都对她这么年轻就慷慨大方感到惊讶）”可知Gutierrez的话是
为了赞美Jordyn送礼物的行为，故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Jordyn’s efforts to help kids in hospital have encouraged others to follow in her footsteps.
Her friends have volunteered in different kinds of organizations, too.”可知，Jordyn帮助住院儿童的努力鼓励了
其他人跟随她的脚步。她的朋友们也在不同的组织做志愿者。由此推知越来越多的人参加有关帮助的活动，
故选B。
5. 标题归纳题。根据“On Jordyn Perez’s eighth birthday, ... these kids who were going through hard times in
hospital needed them to cheer up more than I did,’ Jordyn said.”及全文可知，本文讲述了Jordyn将她的礼物捐
给儿童医院，庆祝生日的同时，也让住院的孩子振作起来；B选项“庆祝生日的特殊方式”符合文章的主
题，故选B。
5
（2024·广东汕头·二模）Glaciers (冰川) hold about 70% of the Earth’s fresh water. They are large pieces
of closely packed ice and snow. Glaciers only form in places where it is very cold. Every year, new snow falls on
top of the old snow. The layers (层) of snow press down on each other, and then the snow crystals (晶体) start to
change. They get smaller, and air pockets are pushed out of the snow. This allows the crystals to grow longer. Over
time, the snow layer at the bottom of all the other snow layers becomes ice. The whole process of making a glacier
takes about 100 years.
Some ice is packed so closely that it looks like it is blue. The snow on top of a glacier looks white because it
reflects all of the light. But the ice layers of the glacier do not have many air pockets. They absorb different parts
of light and reflect blue light.
Some of the glaciers on the Earth may be very old. Scientists think that a few glaciers have ice that is about 8
million years old. Not all of the glaciers are that old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska (阿拉斯加) are only
about 100 years old.
There are different kinds of glaciers. An ice stream is a kind of glacier that forms on another glacier, and it
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looks like a frozen river. Rock glaciers are made when ice, rock, and other objects get mixed together.
1. Which is the correct process of forming a glacier?
①New snow falls on top of the old snow. ②The snow crystals grow longer.
③Air pockets are pushed out of the snow. ④The layers of snow press down on each other.
⑤The snow layer at the bottom becomes ice.
A. ①②④③⑤ B. ①④③②⑤ C. ⑤②④③① D. ⑤④③②①
2. The underlined word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A. cut down B. give out C. make up D. take in
3. Why does the writer talk about Alaska’s glaciers?
A. Because some of the glaciers are not very old.
B. Because they are the oldest glaciers on the Earth.
C. Because the weather in Alaska is very cold.
D. Because the rocks in them are valuable.
4. How does the writer support his idea in the last paragraph?
A. By asking questions. B. By showing numbers.
C. By giving examples. D. By telling stories.
5. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To make an introduction about glaciers. B. To describe different kinds of fresh water.
C. To point out the importance of glaciers. D. To introduce the influence of cold weather.
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了冰川的形成过程、冰川的特性以及不同种类的冰川。
1. 细节排序题。根据第一段可知，形成冰川的正确过程是：新雪落在旧雪之上→层层雪相互压在一起→空
气被挤出雪外→雪晶体变长→底部的雪层变成了冰。故选B。
2. 词义猜测题。根据“...and reflect blue light.”可知，本句表示“它们吸收不同部分的光并反射蓝
光。”absorb意为“吸收”，与take in的意思相近。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据“Not all of the glaciers are that old, though. A number of glaciers in Alaska are only about
100 years old.”可推知，作者提到阿拉斯加的冰川是想说明有些冰川并不是很古老。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者通过列举冰流和石冰川的例子来支持自己的观点。故选
C。
5. 目的意图题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冰川的相关情况，所以写作目的是介绍冰川。故选A。
6
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（2024·湖南长沙·三模）
Earlier, only face-to-face communication was possible, but with the development of technology, we now
have the phone, email, video calls and so on. It has become easier and much cheaper to communicate or have a
conversation. We can easily communicate with our loved ones, whether they’re close or far away.
Face-to-face communication includes direct personal interaction (互动). Both parties can see each other’s
body language and facial expressions, and understand them easily, leading to more effective communication. A
study has shown that in our day-to-day life when we interact with someone face to face, we have a nonverbal (非言
语的) communication of about 93%. In addition, face-to-face communication is more effective in building trust and
making deeper connections.
But considering the long distance (距离) and time cost, face-to-face communication may not be the best
choice. So there, telephone, email, etc. are preferred. Without telephone conversation, some work may be difficult
to get done in time. The conversation varies depending on what relationship you have with the caller. For example,
it will be informal (非正式的) if you talk to your close friends or relatives. But if you are having a professional
telephone conversation, then it will be formal. You must have a lot of practice and confidence to interact with the
caller.
Telephone conversations have no nonverbal cues (暗示), but they offer the convenience of communicating
from a distance and at any time. Also, as they cannot see each other, both parties can speak without being under
pressure.
So, which do you prefer?
1. According Paragraph 1, what makes communication easier and cheaper?
A. The growth of population.
B. The improvement of education.
C. The development of technology.
2. What are the advantages of face-to-face communication?
① Building trust. ② Making deeper connections.
③ Interacting directly. ④ Communicating from a distance.
A. ①②④ B. ①②③ C. ②③④
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3. What does the underlined word “varies” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. 变化 B. 支持 C. 模仿
4. What’s the best title of the text?
A. The Power of Face-to-face Communication
B. The Strength of Telephone Communication
C. Communication Choices: Face to face vs. Telephone
【答案与解析】本文主要讨论了面对面沟通和电话沟通的选择及其各自的优缺点。
1. 细节理解题。根据“with the development of technology, we now have the phone, email, video calls and so on.
It has become easier and much cheaper to communicate or have a conversation.”可知，科技的发展使得沟通变得
更容易和更便宜。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Face-to-face communication includes direct personal interaction… leading to more
effective communication.”和“face-to-face communication is more effective in building trust and making deeper
connections.”可知，面对面沟通的优势包括建立信任、建立更深的联系和直接互动。故选B。
3. 词句猜测题。根据“The conversation varies depending on what relationship you have with the caller. For
example, it will be informal (非正式的) if you talk to your close friends or relatives. But if you are having a
professional telephone conversation, then it will be formal.”可知，谈话内容会随着与来电者的关系而变化，可
能是正式的，也可能是非正式的。varies在此处的意思是“变化”。故选A。
4. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了面对面沟通和电话沟通的选择及其各自的优缺点。故最佳
标题为“Communication Choices: Face to face vs. Telephone”。故选C。
7
（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）Dragons are not real animals. With fantastic powers, dragons can fly in the
sky and swim in the sea. They can make rain, too. In China, dragons are a symbol of strength and good luck. The
emperors in ancient China all loved dragons. They usually wore clothes with many dragons.
As Chinese, we are proud to call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. In Chinese, we often call
preeminent people “dragons”. When we want to show their good wish for a child, we often tell the child’s parents,
“Hoping your child will become a dragon!” Because it means the child will be excellent and successful in the
future.
Chinese like to use animals to name years. It is said that the people who are born in the Year of the dragon
are usually creative, confident and brave. Here are some examples who were born in the Year of the dragon. They
are Song Qingling, Cai Yuanpei, Guo Moruo and Deng Xiaoping. They are all successful and they all did lots of
great things for China.
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In China, there are some traditional festivals about dragons such as Dragon Head-Raising Day and the
Dragon Boat Festival. Chinese have different kinds of activities to celebrate them. These two festivals come every
year, but the Year of the dragon comes every twelve years.
Dragons are very important in Chinese culture. As the “descendants of the dragon”, it is necessary for us to
know more culture about dragons. It can help us understand why our parents always want us to be “dragons”.
My dear friends, next year will be the Year of the dragon. Good luck to you!
1. What does the underlined word “preeminent” mean in the passage?
A. Excellent and successful. B. Rich but lazy.
C. Lazy and poor. D. Successful but terrible.
2. We all know next year is the Year of the dragon. The last year of the dragon was in ______.
A. 2009 B. 2010 C. 2011 D. 2012
3. Where can we read this passage?
A. From a book about Chinese food. B. From a geography magazine.
C. From a book about Chinese culture. D. From a biology test paper.
【答案与解析】本文介绍了中国龙的文化。
1. 词义猜测题。根据“we often call preeminent people ‘dragons’”以及“it means the child will be excellent and
successful in the future”可知，preeminent的意思是“优秀和成功的”。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章内容“the Year of the dragon comes every twelve years”以及“next year will be the
Year of the dragon”可知，龙年每12年一次，下一年是龙年，而这份试卷的日期是2023年，推算上一龙年
是2012年。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是“Dragons are very important in Chinese culture”以及“it is necessary
for us to know more culture about dragons”可知，这篇文章是关于中国文化的。故选C。
8
（2024·海南海口·一模）
Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?
In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take
famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was
Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
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People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each
other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were
talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the
courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年礼). Women
would get their courtesy names after getting married.
One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius
was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage (马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name
was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”.
1. There are ______ parts in people’s names in ancient China.
A. three B. four C. five
2. The underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 2 means “______” in Chinese.
A. 名 B. 昵称 C. 字
3. Why did people call each other by their courtesy names in social life?
A. To show their love.
B. To show their good relationship.
C. To show their respect.
4. __________ would be used if your elders were talking about you.
A. Family name B. Courtesy name C. Given name
5. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The famous poet Li Bai.
B. Three parts of ancient names.
C. The ancient names and the modern names.
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成以及它们所代表的意义。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In ancient China, people’s names had three parts...”可知，在中国古代，人们的
名字包括三个部分。故选A。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Take famous poet Li Bai for example...and his courtesy name was Taibai.”和常识
可知，“太白”是李白的字，由此猜测，courtesy意为“字”。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect.”
可知，在社交生活中，他们互相称呼对方的字以示尊重。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“...if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of
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the courtesy name.”可知，如果你的长辈在谈论你，他们会用你的名而不是你的字。故选C。
5. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成以及它们所代表的意义。故选B。
9
（2024·海南海口·一模）Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm,
winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022. People can ask the robot to write stories and
emails, create instructions for cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. In its
own words, it is “a language model trained in a large amount of Internet text to help users get human-like text”.
Compared with Siri or other chatbots (聊天机器人), ChatGPT uses a much bigger information center for
training. It also uses stronger software (软件) and hardware to learn things by itself. For example, if it provides a
wrong answer to your question, you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It’s a totally different
chatbot,” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Nankai University told Tianjin Daily. “The knowledge level
ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s why it shocked (震惊) the world.”
But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information. When Rezza, a
28-year-old from Indonesia, used the robot to write an essay (论文), it “gave out many examples which other
writers actually hadn’t mentioned at all”, he told The Guardian. Since the robot is trained using words from the
Internet, it can also pick up biases (偏见) about certain groups. These are all things that need to be dealt with.
1. Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?
A. has been very famous online
B. has done harm to the Internet
C. has brought strong wind and heavy rain
2. ChatGPT can’t ________ according to the passage.
A. answer all kinds of questions B. write stories and emails C. cook food
3. Why did ChatGPT shock the world?
A. Because it can find mistakes by itself.
B. Because it works differently from other chatbots.
C. Because its knowledge level is as high as a university student.
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. ChatGPT can’t write an essay.
B. ChatGPT may give false information.
C. ChatGPT can’t get on well with humans.
5. What might be the best title of the text?
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A. The history of ChatGPT.
B. ChatGPT is catching the world’s eyes.
C. Will ChatGPT take the place of humans?
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了在网上引起人们广泛关注的ChatGPT的优缺点。
1. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm,
winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022.”可知，ChatGPT由美国公司OpenAI开发，自
2022年11月问世以来，已在互联网上掀起风暴，赢得了1亿用户。由此推知，画线部分应意为“在网上
非常出名”，与选项A意义相近。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第一段“People can ask the robot to write stories and emails, create instructions for
cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions.”可知，人们可以要求ChatGPT写
故事和电子邮件，创建烹饪某种食物的指令，翻译语言，并回答各种问题。由此可知，ChatGPT不会做饭。
故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s
why it shocked (震惊) the world.”可知，ChatGPT显示的知识水平和一个大学生是一样的，这是它震惊世界
的原因。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false
information.”可知，ChatGPT可能会给出错误的信息。故选B。
5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在网上引起人们广泛关注的ChatGPT的优缺点。因此，选
项B“ChatGPT正在吸引全世界的目光”是最佳标题。故选B。
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