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►第 19 讲 翻译（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 翻译题中考考情分析
1. 熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
翻译题
三
2.把握句型结构，避免中式英语
的考向 3.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
4.提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考翻译题经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1.熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
2.把握句型结构，避免中式英语
3.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
【考情分析】
翻译题命题规律
句子翻译题是各地中考必考题型，通常以汉译英为主，有时也考查英译汉。重
点考查同学们的语言综合运用能力。相对整套试卷来说，这个题型难度不大，但是
得分率不高。主要是基础和方法。考查的都是基础知识点，要求同学熟练掌握固定
搭配、语法等知识，把握句型结构，避免中式英语。方法问题需要同学们掌握简单有
效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤。
翻译题解题技巧
一、找考点及固定搭配
同学们在做翻译句子的时候，可不能随心所欲。看到一个句子，首先就要弄清楚这道题要考我们什么，
这里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每个句子通常都会包含几个知识点或者说固定词语搭配。大家在做其他题型
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的时候也可以尝试这样做，这有利于知识点的巩固。举几个例子：
1. 熬夜是一一个坏习惯。
(stay)__________ is a bad habit.
2.如果你在考试中保持冷静，就会考出好成绩。(keep)
If you（）in the exam, you will get good grades.
3.每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。(play)
Everyone should（）the environmental protection.
4.我正在期待着高中的新生活。(look)
I__the new life of senior high school
我们一起来分析一下：第一题：题主要考查 “熬夜”也就是stay up这个固定短语的用法；2题考“保持
冷静” keep (your) cool／keep calm；82题考查短语“发挥重要作用”play a part in／play a role in；3题考
查短语“期待着……”look forward to。这是解题的第一步，接下来我们开始第二步。
二、确定时态语态
时态和语态是我们初中英语学习的重点内容，也是中考英语考查的热点。我们从卷面上看，不少同学
常常因为时态和语态的错误，而导致丢分。因此，大家一定要注意时态和语态，根据句意和时间状语，来
确定时态语态，以便确保准确翻译。
我们接着分析上面四道题，短语确定之后，就要分析时态：
1.题是动词短语放在句首作主语，我们可以想到动名词作主语，或者是动词不定式作主语，所以正确答案
为Staying up (late)／To stay up(late)；
看2题，涉及到的语法点是if引导的条件状语从句，主将从现的原则，所以if从句时态要用一般现在时即
keep (your) cool／keep calm；
3题我们看到情态动词should，就可以判断直接用动词原形 play a part in／play a role in；
4题有明显的时间标志“正在”当然就是现在进行时了，答案为am looking forward to。
三、把握句型结构，避免中式英语
最后一步也很重要，我们说英语很容易受到汉语思维的影响而造成失误，怎样才能避免呢？就是需要大家
灵活掌握英语的句型结构，从基本的五种简单句开始，这方面的知识在前期文章中有详细讲解，大家可以
搜索查看。在汉译英中的句型大致包括简单句、并列句、复合句三种类型。对于简单句，我们需要弄清主
语、谓语、宾语、定语等句子成分；对于并列句，需要把握好并列连词的运用；对于复合句，需要辨别状
语从句、名词性从句、定语从句的不同用法。
举个简单的例子：翻译“你能告诉我他几岁了吗？”这个句子是一般疑问句，还要用宾语从句。根据语法
规则，宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以答案为Can you tell me how old he is ？。总之，解题有方法，但是更重
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要的是我们要有扎实的基础，在平时的英语学习中，同学们要注意词汇短语搭配的积累，同时加强汉译英
翻译训练，在练习中巩固词汇。掌握方法，提升翻译能力，为取得高分打下坚实的基础。
四、常用句型及结构
1. It’s time to do sth./It’s time for sth.该干……了。
如:Children,it’s time to have lunch.(Children, it’s time for lunch.)孩子们,该吃午饭了。
2. It’s important to do sth.做某事很重要。
如:It’s important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。
3. It’s one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。
如:It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
4. It’s impossible to do sth.做某事是不可能的。
如:It’s impossible for Taiwan to break away from our motherland.台湾从祖国分裂出去是不可能的。
5. no matter...无论……。
如:No matter what he says,nobody believes him.无论他说什么,没人相信他。
6. neither...nor...既不……,也不……。
如:Mary can neither sing nor dance.玛丽既不会唱歌,也不会跳舞。
7. It’s said that...据说……。
如:It’s said that this is the fourth time the Big Ben has stopped working.据说这是大本钟第四次停止运转
了。
8. too...to...太……以至于不能……。
如:She is too excited to say a word.她太兴奋了,以至于说不出一句话。
9. so...that...如此……以至于……。
如:This box is so heavy that she can’t lift it.这个箱子如此重,以至于她提不起它。
10. not...until...直到……才……。
如:He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。
11. thank you/thanks for doing sth.感谢你做某事。
如:Thank you for listening to me.感谢你听我讲。
12. as...as 和……一样。
如:English is as important as maths.英语和数学一样重要。
13. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。
如:It took workers only seven days to build a new hospital.工人们仅用七天时间就建成了一座新医院。
14. either...or...要么……,要么……。
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如:You may either stay at home or go with us.你要么待在家里,要么跟我们一块去。
15. as soon as 一……就……。
如:I’ll tell him as soon as my father comes back.我父亲一回来,我就告诉他。
16. know+疑问词+不定式。
如:No one knows what to do next.没人知道下一步该怎么办。
17. had better 最好。
如:You had better see a doctor if you get a bad cold.如果你患了重感冒,你最好去看医生。
18. tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事;tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。
如:He told me not to lose heart.他告诉我不要灰心。
19. I hope.../I wish...
如:They hope to win the game in the afternoon.他们希望赢得下午的比赛。
We all wish him to bring us good news.我们都希望他给我们带来好消息。
20. 宾语从句
21. 状语从句
22. 定语从句
一、汉译英
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）只要你认真对待每一件事，你就会把它做好。
.
2．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）那座房子是什么时候建的?
?
3．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）没有人知道它是谁。
.
4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·校联考二模）我们应该对每个帮助我们的人心存感激。
5．（2023·辽宁朝阳·校联考二模）你能告诉我去历史博物馆的路吗？
6．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）令他感到惊讶的是，如此多的人对科幻小说感兴趣。
7．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）据说这家餐馆已经开业半年了。
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8．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）飞机将在10分钟之后起飞。
9．（2023·山东威海·统考一模）他不知道他哥哥有没有把那本杂志还给图书馆。(汉译英)
10．（2023·山东威海·统考一模）我太害怕了，一动也不敢动。（汉译英）
二、英译汉
11．（2023·山东滨州·统考三模）ChatGPT (人工智能聊天机器人) has been very popular all over the world in
the past months.
12．（2023·山东滨州·统考三模）Speaking English as much as possible is the key to learning English well.
13．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）All of us should know that talent without working hard is nothing.
14．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）The most valuable thing is health, rather than money.
15．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Try and then you can make up for the mistakes that you once made.
16．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Our country’s great achievements are from the hard work of our Party and our
people.
17．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Once you make promises to others you should try your best to keep them.
18．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Don’t lie in bed all day. You are supposed to do more exercise in order to keep
healthy.
19．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）Qingming is not only one of China’s 24 solar terms, but also a moment for
Chinese people to honor lost family members.
20．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）An hour in the morning is worth two hours in the evening.
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三、语篇翻译
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）阅读下面的短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。
Little Women is set (以……为背景) in New England in the United States during the American Civil War
(1861-1865). The story follows the lives of the four March sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy. The author is Louisa
May Alcott. 1.The book is based on the author’s own experiences of growing up with her three sisters.
2. 这个故事的主题（ theme ）是关于家庭的重要性。 Other themes include the need to work and self-
improvement for women.
When the story begins, 3.the sisters are complaining because they are poor and have to work. Their mother
says that they mustn’t spend money on pleasure because there is a war and everybody must help. Their father is in
the army. Their father writes letter to his family. In the letter he tell his daughters to work hard and not to waste
their time. 4. 她们必须尝试接受生命中的不幸并保持乐观。 He wants to be proud of them when he comes
home. The girls decide to make an effort to improve themselves because they love and miss their father very much.
Alcott was interested in women’s rights. 5.Through the four March sisters, she explores different ways of
being a woman in those days. Meg leaves the family to get married and have a new family. Beth devotes (奉献)
herself to looking after her own family. Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure. And Jo, like Alcott herself,
tries to have a career (事业) in writing and care for her family at the same time.
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（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
It is not possible to tell the importance of forests in just a few words. Forests influence our daily lives in so
many ways, even in the center of a busy noisy city.
Forest products are used in our daily lives. 1. Almost every activity has something to do with forests. Some
are easy to point out, and others are hard to say. They can not only help make our lives more convenient, but also
make our Earth more beautiful and comfortable.
Forests help protect the sea, and the earth is in good health because of them. Over the past 50 years, about half
the world’s forests have been lost.2. The most important reason for that is polluting the environment and cutting
down trees.
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As this goes on, it’ll be harder and harder for us to survive on the Earth.
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）根据上下文内容，将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
1. Every one of us, rich or poor, should at least have one or two good friends. Your friends will listen to you
when you speak, will take care of you when you are sick, and will be with you in your journey through life.
2. 每个人都需要朋友。Friendship can make us happier. How can we find a good friend and get on well with
each other? Here is some advice.
★3.Make friends with a person who is easy to get along with.
★You should make friends with a person who has something in common with you.
★Give your friend a hand when he or she is in trouble. Friends should always be ready to help each other.
★Believe in each other. 4 .这是友谊中最重要的事情。
★Even the best friends may have a quarrel sometimes. 5. If this happens don’t let your quarrel last too long.
Try to make up with your friends soon.
Friendship is a kind of treasure in our life. It is like a bottle of wine. The longer it is kept, the better it will be.
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）根据上下文内容，将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Maybe you are a common student. You probably think you will never be a top student. 1.However, anyone can
become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:
Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After
making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, and so on.
Then decide a good, regular time for studying. And the time for rest. A weekly schedule can make you realize what
is happening to your time.
2.找一个好地方学习。Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or
simply a corner of your room. No games, radios, or television! 3.When you sit down to study, you should pay
attention on the study.
Make good use of your time in class. Listen to everything the teachers say carefully. 4.Really listening in class
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means less work after class. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your
teacher taught in class. Review the knowledge can make you remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you learn about a subject. They help
you remember your new knowledge. 5.世界不会因为你考试不及格而灭亡，所以不用太担心。
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Fujian Tulou is a kind of house in the mountain areas of Fujian Province. It is known as the Ancient Oriental
(东方的) Castle. Forty-six Fujian Tulou places were added to the World Heritage List (世界文化遗产名录) in
2008.
Fujian Tulou is usually a large, enclosed earthen building with thick earth walls. 1. 尽管它们相互看起来都
很相似，但每一栋都是特别的。Most of the buildings, usually three to four floors, are like a circle, but some are
like a rectangle (矩形). 2. The design of Tulou follows the traditional Chinese house idea of “closed outside and
open inside”. Jiqing Building, built in 1419, is the oldest circular Tulou in Yongding District, Longyan, Fujian.
Hegui Building in Nanjing county is the tallest rectangular Tulou in the province. It is 21.5 meters high.
Tulou was a great place for people there to protect themselves. While Tulou means “earthen buildings” in
Chinese, the buildings were made of far more than just mud. People used local river stones, bamboo, sand and lime
(石灰) to build them, as well. 3. In ancient times, the buildings also included strong gates, water wells and tunnels
( 地道 ) for running away .
Tulou is like a village. The families who live there have their own rooms. 4. 在节日或一些重要的日子里，
他们经常在院子里聚会。People who live in Tulou are mostly Hakka (客家人). And Tulou can be seen in many
places. 5. Besides Fujian Province, the buildings are also seen in Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province. While
the buildings are now open to tourists, there are still people living in them.
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（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
“If he doesn’t call me, I’m going to die!” 1 . 那是一种十分正常的感觉 。It means you are “in love”—kind of.
It’s puppy love(早恋) not true love, yet.
2.Puppy love is common among students all over the world. In the West, people think puppy love is a healthy
part of a teenager’s life. In China, parents and teachers think it’s a problem .
Puppy love is beautiful. It’s cool to love someone, or be loved by someone else instead of your mother or your
dog. 3 . 它能使你成为一个更好的人。 You will know how to use your love to help others.
If you find yourself “in love “it’s OK, but...wait! Now you have lots of important things to do. Think of these
questions: Will you love him or her ten years later? Do you have enough education to find a good job and live a
happy life with the person you love in the future? 4.What would you do if you found someone better than him or
her? I bet(打赌) you are not sure of these answers. Why? Because you are too young to understand the true love.
5.True love will come when you grow up. Now, you should try to be the best person you can be, and do the
very best you can. That means doing well at school and being a good son or daughter first.
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（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将文中画线部分译成汉语或英语。
How do you get to school? 71. Do you walk to school or ride a bike? Do you go by bus or by train? 72.对许
多学生来说，去学校很容易。But for the students in one small village in China, it’s difficult. 73. There is a very
big river between their school and the village. There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. So these
students go on a ropeway to cross the river to school.
One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crosses the river every school day. But he is not afraid because he loves
school. “74.我喜欢和我同学一起玩。And I love my teacher. He is like a father to me.”
Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. It is their dream to have a bridge. 75. I’m sure their
dream can come true.
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（2023·湖南湘潭·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Good afternoon, everyone. It’s my honor to be the first speaker. I’m Michelle from the pros (正方). 1. We
agree that kids should share chores at home. And we have the following reasons.
To begin with, kids need to know it is their duty to do chores. 2.他们与父母生活在一起。They should know
that if they want to have a clean and comfortable home, everyone should do their part. 3. For example. kids can do
the dishes or clean the rooms. Sharing housework also helps them to understand the idea of fairness.
Then, doing chores together helps bring the family closer. When kids help mom fold the clothes, they can have
lovely chats about what has happened during the day. 4 It’s helpful for kids to relax. Besides, just as the saying
goes “Many hands make easy work.”, the chores will be finished more easily if everyone does something.
Lastly, doing chores helps the kids to grow. 5.它教会孩子们照顾自己 and helps develop their independence.
So the earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
Thank you!
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（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
We spend about one-third of our lives asleep. Sleep is important to us. A good sleep gives us energy and makes
us feel happier. If you need some good sleep, you can try the new bus service in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has
opened a “Sleeping Bus Tour”. 1. The five-hour ride is for people who can’t sleep well at night. Passengers can
get eye masks, ear plugs (耳塞) and so on for better sleep.
Why do buses make people sleepy? Buses are a perfect environment that produces white noise. Buses get
crowded with people going to and from work every day. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) increases when there are lots
of people in a small place. When you were a baby, you were rocked (摇晃) to sleep. Sitting on a bus gives people
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similar experiences. Their rocking movements make people want to close their eyes. 2. You may find it easy to fall
asleep during the long bus trip.
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（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语。
What do you like to do in your free time? 1. Different people have different answers. For the 3-grader Chen
Yunxi, it’s rock climbing.
Chen is from Shenzhen. She is tall and thin, and has long black hair. 2. 像许多其他女孩一样，她最喜欢的
颜色是粉色。But her hobby is very different—it’s rock climbing.
3. She started rock climbing when she was only four years old. She loves it so much that she trains very hard.
Last November, 8-year-old Chen successfully finished the wild rock climbing route “CHINA CLIMB” in
Yangshuo, Guangxi. That makes her the youngest climber in China to finish the 5.14A level climbing route.
4. 她有一个梦想。 She wants to take part in the Olympics. She thinks that the happiest thing in the world is
just to fight for her dream. 5. She says she will train hard to make her dream come true.
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（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中划线部分的句子翻译成中文。
A good memory has to do with many things, such as focus and interest. You might have a fantastic memory for
sporting numbers but no head for math. 1. This happens because you love sports and hate math.
Learning needs attention. You need 8 seconds to understand a piece of information and keep it in the memory,
so try to focus on one thing when you want to remember it. 2. The best time for learning is the early morning. This
is the time when our brains are the most active. We take in and work out information quickly at that time.
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（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
If you are an animal-lover, and you’d like to work with animals, you can choose one of the following jobs as
you like.
First, working as an animal behaviour（行为）scientist is interesting. The work is to watch animals carefully
11关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
and understand how animals live as a group. 1. You can learn about their problems and protect them. Second, you
can be a zoo vet（兽医）. You might work with birds, fish or even a lion! As a zoo vet, you know the animals well
and see them right now if they are sick. 2. Sometimes, you tell stories about animals to people who visit the zoo.
Third, an animal nutritionist（营养师）can make the right food for the animals.
There are many other jobs working with animals. Just find something right for you.
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（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
Happy birthday! You have grown a little more. Everybody has a birthday party every year. But what about
trees? Trees don’t have birthday parties. They have rings (年轮). How can we know a tree’s age? 1. We can count
its rings. The rings are inside the trunk (树干). A ring has a light part and a dark part. The light parts show winter
and spring. The dark parts show summer and autumn. Each tree ring means one year. So an old tree has many rings.
2. If you want to see the rings inside a tree, you need to cut it down. But no one wants to do that.
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