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►第 10 讲 选词填空（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 选词填空中考考情分析
1. 熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
短文填空
三 2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
的考向
3.提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考选词填空经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1.熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
【网络构建】
【考情分析】
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选词填空命题规律
“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的10个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、
数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要
进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。
【名师解难】
考生在做此类试题时应从以下几点入手：
1．明确词义，分类备选词
拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先研究方框中所给的备选词汇，判断每个单词的词性、词义，并进行归
类。
2.借助线索，初步归位
通读全文，结合所学语法知识及上下文语境初步选择符合题意的词，针对相关的语法知识，考生可以从以
下几个方面着手：
①如果空格后是谓语动词，且句子的其他内容完整，则该空格应考虑使用名词、人称代词、名词性物主代
词、非谓语动词；
②如果空格前是句子主语，空格后是宾语，此处应考虑用动词作谓语，构成主谓宾结构；
③如果空格后是名词，空格前有限定词，则此处应考虑使用形容词或形容词性物主代词；
④如果空格前是动词，一般空格处考虑填写副词，同时要注意如果空格前是感官动词或be动词，则需要填
形容词，构成主系表结构，此类系动词还有become, turn, get, seem等。
3.瞻前顾后，调整形式
经过初步归位后，我们还需要根据语境确定句意，根据语法调整词汇的适当形式，针对形式，考生可以从
归纳的考点设置的特点来考虑。
4.通读全文，复核验证
复读短文，检查单词拼写是否正确，注意时态、语态、主谓一致和固定搭配，还有首字母大小写。
短文填空解题技巧
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1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名
词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的
内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找
匹配的答案。
3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证
句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,
friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used,
danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分
词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)；
★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容
词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one
thousand/thousands of ；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。
为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 's 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意
要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨
记。
4. 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。
检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。
最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限
用一次。
year information think different they never why store play easy
It’s said that using certain skills is “just like riding a bike.” In other words, once they’ve been learned, you
never forget 1 . And it’s true that while we often forget facts, we can usually jump on a bike and ride
away without 2 about it.
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But why are you generally still able to ride a bike even after having not ridden one for 3 ? The
answer is that certain skills, such as how to drive or 4 an instrument, are part of our procedural (程序性
的) memory. It is a kind of long-term memory that performs 5 procedures. And while these procedures
may be difficult to learn, once learned completely, they’re 6 forgotten.
This happens because procedural memory and declarative (陈述性的) memory are 7 in different
parts of the brain. To tell the difference, declarative memory is responsible for remembering 8 like
names, dates, and events from your life. Studies say that the cells (细胞) in the part storing procedural memory can
not 9 lose or get hurt. So procedural memories aren’t erased very often.
Now you know 10 we don’t forget how to ride a bicycle. Can you name other skills that you’re
also unlikely to ever forget?
（2023·江西赣州·模拟预测）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后选择方框内所给的词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
make but use child health never easy them be chat
The Internet is used by people of all ages. Many use it for work, 11 for many others, it’s also a kind
of hobby. There are many popular sites where 12 can chat safely.
On the one hand, socializing (社交) on the Internet is fun. The good thing about these sites 13 that
you can make hundreds of friends from all over the world. You can tell 14 about yourself and your life,
and you can find out things about them and their lives.
On the other hand, most of the “friends” that you 15 on the Internet are not real friends. You can
16 together or email each other, but you will probably 17 meet! Another drawback of socializing
online is that you can 18 spend hours on the computer, which isn’t good for your 19 .
To sum up, these sites are enjoyable 20 sometimes, but not all the time! It’s important to enjoy life
in the real world, not just on a computer screen.
（2023·陕西榆林·校考模拟预测）
slow be make water he banana spend students one pretty
Mohammad Shahid is the headmaster of a school in India. He 21 about 10 years turning the school
campus (校园) into a green world with his students.
When Shahid went to the school for the 22 time, he found it had few plants. Then he began to plant
plants and 23 he made that as a hobby. His students got interested in what he did. So they joined 24
. Shahid is hard-working. On weekends, he needn’t go to work, but he still drives 14 kilometers to 25 the
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plants. The students work hard, too. They spend lots of their free time looking after the plants. In the 26
eyes, it’s a fun learning experience.
Thanks to Shahid and his students, there 27 over 300 kinds of plants in the school now. There you
can find fruit and vegetables like 28 and cabbages. The school uses the fruit and vegetables to 29
lunch for students. There are also many flowers. They add colors to the school. And they make the school 30
than before.
Because of its special campus, the school is popular in India. Many students dream of studying there.
（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测）
短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词或短语并使用其适当形式填空，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用
一次）
choose count how many nod run serious shake something speak surprise why
It was Election (选举) Day at Sunshine Middle School. Erica was 31 for the
president of students. “If you elect me,” she shouted, “there’ll be no more homework! And no more school
uniforms!” All the students cheered loudly. Erica was sure that she would be the final 32 of the president,
because she’d spent a lot of time finding out what the students disliked.
Now it was Michael’s turn. Unlike Erica, he began 33 , “I cannot change everything students don’t like
about the school, but I promise to work hard for you.”
“Boring!” Erica thought. She knew she was going to get the position. After the students voted (投票), all the
votes 34 . At the end of the day, the head teacher announced, “The new president is Michael!”
Erica was really 35 . She’d made promises about all the important things. She could not understand
36 the students voted for him instead of her. Her best friend, Jenny, came to her. “Erica, I’m so sorry,” she said.
“I just can’t believe it,” Erica began. “They must have counted the votes wrong. I’ll ask them to do it again!”
Jenny 37 her head. “I’m sorry, Erica, there was no mistake. I didn’t want to tell you, but Michael did get
38 votes. All the students I know voted for Michael.”
“I don’t understand,” said Erica. “The kids were cheering at my 39 . I told them everything they
wanted to hear.” “That’s just it,” said Jenny. “You made promises, but everybody knew that you wouldn’t be able to
keep them. They thought you would just say 40 in order to be elected.”
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Erica knew one thing for sure: next time she wouldn’t make promises she couldn’t keep.
（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空只填一个单词。）
stop dance sudden close be fish you warm get shake
One afternoon, I felt tired and went to the park. There were many people in it. Some were running, some were
41 with the music, others were telling stories under the trees.
42 , I noticed a little girl. She was sitting by the lake with tears in her eyes. Lots of people passed by
but didn’t 43 to see why she looked so sad. As I got much 44 , I saw that her back had a
strange shape. That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the reason why people just passed by and made no effort to
help.
So I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she said in a low voice, “Hi,” I smiled and she smiled back,
shyly. “You see many 45 in the lake. They can’t go to see the larger sea. But they are still swimming
happily. Why?” She 46 her head. “Because every one of them 47 unique (独一无二的). They
have their parents, brothers, sisters, friends and more. They also know that they only have one life. Time is limited.
So they are happy with what they have 48 ! Never regret what you have lost!” She listened carefully and
smiled. “Thanks for 49 kind words. And the 50 you have given to me this afternoon may
inspire (激励) my life. I hope I will be like a happy fish.” “You will.” I gave her a warm hug.
（2023·河南新乡·统考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限
用一词。
but water smile follow hand
worry whether time busy on
The plane took off. A passenger needed a cup of 51 to take his medicine. An airhostess (空姐) told
him that she would bring him the water. But the air hostess was so 52 that she forgot to bring him the
water. As a result, the passenger couldn’t take his medicine 53 time. About half an hour later, she hurried
over to him with a cup of water, 54 he refused it.
In the 55 hours, each time she passed by the passenger, she would ask him with a smile 56
he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid notice to her.
When it was time to get off the plane, the passenger asked her to hand him the passengers’ booklet (留言簿),
she was very 57 . She thought that he would write bad words in it, but with a smile she 58 it to
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him.
Off the plane. She opened the booklet and then 59 . The passenger wrote, “In the past few hours, you
have asked me if I needed help for twelve 60 in all. How can I refuse your twelve faithful(真诚的)
smiles?”
（2023·河南南阳·校联考三模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限
用一次。
allow take fast go it break by what same service
A library is a place to find almost any books. There are all kinds of books, and there are also pictures, papers,
magazines, maps and records in 61 . A library is a source of information. Students go to libraries to study
and write homework. There are many different library 62 . In children’s libraries there are many
interesting picture books. If you love music, you can listen to your favorite CDs in music libraries.
Long ago, however, a library had only books. And there were so few books in it that no one was 63
to take them out of the library. After the printing machine was invented, books could be made 64 and
libraries got more books.
To borrow a book and 65 it home today, a person just needs a library card. The person 66
to the main desk to have a librarian check the book out. The librarian prints the card with the date 67
which the book must be returned to the library. If the book is returned late, the person must usually pay for 68
the rule.
Books in a library are put in a certain order to help people to find 69 they want. In some libraries, all
books about animals might be placed together. In other libraries, all books written by the 70 person may
be placed together.
（2023·河南开封·统考一模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限
用一次。
shine besides its little care relax require from because correct
It is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul. However, to have healthy eyes, you have to look after them
properly. Your eyes need everyday 71 .
Firstly, a healthy diet is important. Have more fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk. It’s good for your
eyes. 72 , a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken.
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Secondly, you must have regular and sound sleep. This 73 the eye muscles (肌肉) and gives them the
rest they need. Sleep can help the body to repair 74 tired tissues (组织). Usually, you should sleep for at
75 seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under your eyes.
Next, it’s necessary for you to exercise your eyes every day. Blink (眨眼) your eyes 76 time to time to
keep your eyes moist (湿润的).
Lastly, you should treat your eyes 77 . Fox example, if you get something in your eye, don’t start
rubbing (揉) it. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don’t read or write in poor or bright sunlight 78 sunlight
can lead to eye tiredness. Remember to wear sunglasses to stop the sun from 79 directly into your eyes. Too
much reading, writing, watching television or working on a computer can also cause eye tiredness, so a good rest is
80 .
If you always take care of God’s most beautiful gift, your life will be very colorful!
（2023·河南安阳·校考二模）
while, however, what, with, use, example, special, offer, everything, different
During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister(宰相) Feng Deyi to recommend(举荐)
talented people. 81 , several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone.
“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and perfect people at all,” Feng said.
“People are like objects. 82 we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should be
unhappy with yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our
time?” said the emperor.
Indeed, each object or tool has its own 83 . A knife is made to cut things 84 chopsticks are
made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like an object, each person has a 85 strength.
Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at 86 .
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of 87 backgrounds. He
88 them important positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the
society develop and created a ‘golden age’”.
A good 89 is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor
Taizong offered him a position and promoted(晋升) him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal 90
difficult matters and became a well-known person in history.
（2023·陕西西安·西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）
短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次。每空填一个单
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词。)
It be work slow move bird health breathe close(adj.) anywhere
When my daughter 91 in primary school, she brought home four small twigs(嫩枝) from school to
plant. None of them looked very strong, but with hope for the future. I planted them 92 in our backyard that
had enough sunlight. Over the years, because of the poor soil, three of them died. Only one survived.
It grew very 93 . It looked more like a fat bush than a tree. Later, I noticed that 94 was starting
to die. The lower branches(树枝) were becoming bare. Only the top third of the tree was still green. I did my best to
save it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer(肥料), but it didn’t 95 .
Later one morning, I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it
down. It would make the yard look cleaner. As I walked over to take a 96 look at it, however, I noticed
something 97 within the leaves. It was a robin(知更鸟) patiently building a nest in the top branches. I
smiled when I heard the 98 song. I thought maybe this old tree was still useful. It might not be 99
or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a home.
This tree reminded me that all of our lives have a purpose. It doesn’t matter if we are young and strong or old
and sickly. Until our last 100 , we have things to do, love to give, and joy to share. We can help to make
this world a better and more beautiful place.
（2023·宁夏·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一
个词或短语，每个词或短语限填一次。
movie, or, answer, worry about, they, how, for example, careful, many, change
About 30 years ago, parents started to 101 their kids. This was because their kids were asking for
more things—toys, 102 and other things they loved. But how could parents satisfy their kids without
spoiling（溺爱）them? The 103 to the question was simple—the allowance（零用钱）.
Today, things haven’t 104 too much. Some younger kids can get weekly allowances by doing
chores（杂务）around the house. There are also some job chances for older kids. They can do chores for 105
neighbors. They might clean houses 106 walk the dog for them. Weekly allowances help kids learn that
money is made through work. It’s something they should think about 107 .
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Of course, as a child, you can make money in 108 ways, but how do you manage it?
One idea is to save most of it and spend a little. 109 , if you get $5 a week, you could spend $2 and
save $3. Then you can decide 110 to spend the $2. You could spend it on the pizza you want. You could
also save it until you have enough to buy something that costs more.
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，根据短文内容从方框中选择合适单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文内容完整。（每词限用一次，
有两个词多余）
bring help to peaceful which difficult other just who none mention another
What is the best virtue (美德)? What can we learn from water? Laozi, a famous Chinese thinker 111
lived around 2,500 years ago, might have an answer.
Laozi tells us that the top character is just like water. All life in the world cannot live without water, but water
never asks for anything in return. It benefits (使受益) all, competing with 112 . It simply keeps giving
quietly. Also, water often stay s where people don’t like. This kind of low profile (低姿态) makes water the closest
113 the law of the universe (万物之规).
In dealing with people, we can act as water. Do our best to help 114 without trying to get anything
back. At the same time, stay humble (谦虚的). Don’t always talk about the 115 you gave to other people.
Even if you are in a 116 situation, you need to stay calm. After all, water will not choose where to be,
and it 117 goes to where it is needed.
The Chinese nation has always held dear Laozi’s ideas about water. In 2014, President Xi Jinping 118
it at the welcome dinner of the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Beijing. He said APEC members are
119 together by the water of the Pacific Ocean and have a shared responsibility to make the Pacific an ocean
of 120 , friendship and cooperation (合作). This is the wisdom (智慧) water brings us.
（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）
阅读短文, 用所给词的适当形式填空, 每空一词, 每词限用一次, 使短文完整、正确。方框中有两词是多余
选项。
become what tradition one meet year how
When I was a little girl, I had the etiquette(礼仪) class in my primary school. I remember my 121
class clearly. The teacher taught us some etiquette and rules from books. But I couldn’t understand their meanings
or the reason why I should follow them because I was only six.
In the following few 122 time, I learned more etiquette and rules. I gradually realized they had
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something to do with my life. They told me how to treat people with politeness and kindness. When I 123
teachers, I greeted them firstly. When I was at home, I would try to do some chores to help my parents. When I was
in public, I should try not to influence others.
In China, many people may have the same experiences as me. Some etiquette and rules are symbols of 124
Chinese culture. No matter how the world changes, they are wealth in our heart, and they will also teach us how to
be a better person. 125 important the etiquette and rules are in our lives!
（2023·山东淄博·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。
because, at, someone, first, much, invention, thank, moon, develop, about, if, hardworking
If you have ever looked through a telescope (望远镜), you might want to 126 Galileo. He was born
in 1564 in Italy. He was a bright and 127 boy who was also talented in art and music. His father hoped he
would become a doctor.
However, Galileo liked math so 128 that he decided to study it. He did well in school and he tried
his best to pay the cost of school 129 his family was poor. He was also helping to support his younger
brother’s studies. He tried to invent some things to make money.
One day, he heard that 130 had invented a spyglass (小望远镜). He learned that the instrument
could show faraway things as if they were nearby. It could magnify (放大) things to appear up three times bigger!
Galileo decided to 131 one of his own. He quickly understood how the spyglass worked and made
improvements. He named his improved spyglass the telescope. It could magnify things up to ten times.
He continued to make improvements to his 132 . One night, he pointed his telescope towards the
night sky. He made his 133 space observation (观察). Up until then, everyone thought that the surface of
the 134 was smooth! However, with his telescope, Galileo saw that the noon was covered with many
bumps (隆起) and craters (火山口). The telescope also showed many more stars. With it, Galileo was able to make
many important discoveries 135 space.
（2023·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空不超过三个词。
animal also because believe bring call in many pet sign
In Chinese culture, the rabbit represents (代表) the moon. Ancient people 136 that a rabbit was living
on the moon. The rabbit 137 the Jade Rabbit or the Moon Rabbit. It was the 138 of the moon
goddess Chang’e.
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In nature, rabbits can reproduce (繁殖) in large numbers in a short time. In this way, ancient Chinese people
also saw the rabbit as a good 139 . They believed the 140 children they had, the luckier and happier
they would be.
Western people 141 see the rabbit as a sign of good luck. They believe a rabbit’s foot can 142
good luck to its holder. Old tradition has it that if teenager hunters caught a rabbit, they could be awarded (奖励)
the 143 back foot in a ceremony. It welcomed them to manhood (成年) within their clan (部落).
Rabbits also show up 144 other areas of Western culture. The night before Easter, kids often make
nests (窝) for the Easter Bunny in the garden. Rabbits are close to the idea of new life 145 they have lots
of babies.
（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个词只能用一次，有两个多余
词）
and become every of wonder much one open all many buildi
ng thousand
Visiting Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world. If you like sightseeing, you will love it!
Shanghai, a beautiful city during the day, 146 even more beautiful at night. At the end of the day, both
the older part of the city around the Bund and the more modern part in Pudong are full 147 colourful lights.
The buildings, both new and old, look very different 148 exciting. If you walk along the Bund, you will see
149 old buildings. The Pudong New Area, just across the Huangpu River, has many modern 150 . At
night, these tall buildings light up the sky in 151 direction.
If you like walking in the streets, try the famous Nanjing Road. There are busy shops and coffee bars, and
you’ll see 152 of people enjoying themselves. Most of the shops close at 10 pm, but at that time teahouses
are still 153 , where you can meet old friends and make new ones.
If you are in Shanghai for the 154 time, make sure you visit the beautiful Oriental Pearl Radio &
TV Tower and the Jin Mao Tower. If you take a boat along the river, you will have a 155 experience. If you
enjoy history and natural beauty, Yu Garden is a better choice.
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）
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阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。
smoke and see quickly chopstick be it gift husband into
There is an interesting legend about how chopsticks were invented. It is
said that Jiang Ziya and his wife once lived a poor life in the Shang Dynasty. The cruel wife was not satisfied with
their life and always wanted to hurt her 156 .
One day, Jiang Ziya’s wife cooked some meat and put something into it secretly. When Jiang Ziya was about
to take the meat, a bird flew in through the window 157 pecked (啄) him. He didn’t eat the meat and
hurried off to catch the bird. Jiang Ziya knew it 158 a fairy bird, so he pretended (假装) to drive the bird
and ran after it out to a hillside. The fairy bird stopped on a bamboo, shook off two bamboo sticks and whispered,
“Jiang Ziya, you should pick up the meat with these bamboo sticks.”
Jiang Ziya 159 picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.
When his wife asked him to eat the meat again, Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks 160 the bowl to
hold the meat. Suddenly, he 161 the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke. Jiang Ziya
pretended not to know about the truth and said to his wife, “How can the meat 162 ? Is there anything
wrong with the meat?” As he said it, Jiang Ziya picked up the meat and offered 163 to his wife’s mouth.
His wife’s face turned white and she hurried out of the door.
Jiang Ziya knew that these bamboo sticks were a 164 sent by the fairy bird. From then on, he used the
two bamboo sticks for every meal.
After the story was told, not only did his wife dare not hurt him again, but also the neighbors learned to eat
with bamboo sticks. Later, more and more people ate with 165 , and the custom was passed down from
generation to generation.
13
